Gushyira mu bikorwa ibikoresho bidasanzwe ku isi mu ikoranabuhanga rya gisirikare rigezweho

Gushyira mu bikorwaNtibisanzwe Ibikoresho by'isis mu buhanga bugezweho bwa gisirikare

Nkibikoresho bidasanzwe bikora, isi idasanzwe, izwi nka "inzu yubutunzi" yibikoresho bishya, irashobora kuzamura cyane ubwiza nimikorere yibindi bicuruzwa, kandi izwi nka "vitamine" yinganda zigezweho.Ntabwo ikoreshwa cyane mu nganda gakondo nka metallurgie, inganda za peteroli, inganda zikoresha ibirahure, kuzunguruka ubwoya, uruhu n’ubuhinzi, ariko kandi igira uruhare rukomeye mu bikoresho nka fluorescence, magnetisme, laser, itumanaho rya Fibre-optique, ingufu za hydrogène zibika, superconductivity, nibindi, Ihindura byimazeyo umuvuduko nurwego rwiterambere ryinganda zigenda zitera imbere cyane nka Optical ibikoresho, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, icyogajuru, inganda za kirimbuzi, nibindi. Iri koranabuhanga ryakoreshejwe neza mubuhanga bwa gisirikare, biteza imbere cyane iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga rya kijyambere.

Uruhare rwihariye rw’ibikoresho bidasanzwe ku isi mu ikoranabuhanga rya kijyambere rya gisirikare ryashimishije cyane guverinoma n’inzobere baturutse mu bihugu bitandukanye, nko gushyirwa ku rutonde nk’ingenzi mu iterambere ry’inganda z’ikoranabuhanga rikomeye n’ikoranabuhanga rya gisirikare n’inzego zibishinzwe muri Amerika, Ubuyapani, n'ibindi bihugu.

Intangiriro Muri make Isi idasanzwe nubusabane bwabo na Gisirikare ningabo zigihugu

Mu magambo make, byoseibintu bidasanzwe by'isiKugira ibikoresho bimwe na bimwe bya gisirikare, ariko uruhare runini mukwirwanaho kwigihugu no mubisirikare bigomba kuba ugukoresha lazeri, kuyobora laser, itumanaho rya laser nizindi nzego.

 Gukoresha Ibyuma Byisi Bidasanzwe na Nodular Cast Iron muri tekinoroji ya gisirikare igezweho

 1.1 Gukoresha ibyuma bidasanzwe byisi muburyo bwa tekinoroji ya gisirikare

Mu mirimo yacyo harimo kweza, guhindura, no kuvanga, cyane cyane harimo gusohora, kwangiza, no kuvanaho gaze, kuvanaho ingaruka ziterwa no gushonga kwangiza imyanda yangiza, gutunganya ingano n’imiterere, bigira ingaruka ku cyiciro cy’inzibacyuho y’icyuma, no kunoza ubukana n’imiterere y’ubukanishi .Abakozi ba siyansi n’ikoranabuhanga bakoze ibikoresho byinshi by’ubutaka bidasanzwe bikoreshwa mu gukoresha intwaro bakoresheje uyu mutungo w’isi idasanzwe.

 1.1.1 Ibyuma byintwaro

 Nko mu ntangiriro ya za 1960, inganda z’intwaro z’Ubushinwa zatangiye ubushakashatsi ku ikoreshwa ry’ubutaka budasanzwe mu byuma by’intwaro n’ibyuma by’imbunda, kandi bigenda bikurikirana ibyuma bidasanzwe by’ubutaka nka 601, 603, na 623, bitangiza ibihe bishya aho ibikoresho by’ibanze byingenzi. mu Bushinwa ibicuruzwa byari bishingiye mu gihugu.

 1.1.2 Ntibisanzwe isi ibyuma bya karubone

Mu myaka ya za 60 rwagati, Ubushinwa bwiyongereyeho 0,05% by’ubutaka budasanzwe ku cyuma cyambere cyo mu rwego rwo hejuru cyiza cya karubone kugira ngo gitange ibyuma bidasanzwe bya karuboni.Agaciro k’uruhande rwiki cyuma kidasanzwe cyiyongereyeho 70% kugeza 100% ugereranije nicyuma cyambere cya karubone, naho ingaruka kuri -40 ℃ yiyongereyeho hafi kabiri.Ikarito nini ya diametre ikozwe muri iki cyuma byagaragaye binyuze mu bizamini byo kurasa mu rwego rwo kurasa kugira ngo byuzuze ibisabwa bya tekiniki.Kugeza ubu, Ubushinwa bwarangije gushyirwa mu bikorwa, bugera ku cyifuzo cy’Ubushinwa kuva kera cyo gusimbuza umuringa ibyuma mu bikoresho bya karitsiye.

 1.1.3 Ntibisanzwe isi ndende ibyuma bya manganese hamwe nubutaka budasanzwe

Isi idasanzwe ibyuma bya manganese bikoreshwa mugukora inkweto za tank, kandi ibyuma bidasanzwe byubutaka bikoreshwa mugukora amababa yumurizo, feri yumunwa hamwe nimbunda za artillerie ibice byihuta byihuta byihuta byangiza imyanda, bishobora kugabanya uburyo bwo gutunganya, kuzamura igipimo cyo gukoresha ibyuma, kandi ugere kubipimo bya tekiniki na tekiniki.

Mu bihe byashize, ibikoresho byakoreshwaga mu mibiri y’imbere y’imbere mu Bushinwa byari bikozwe mu cyuma gikaze gikozwe mu cyuma cyongeweho icyuma cy’ingurube cyiza cyongeweho 30% kugeza 40%.Bitewe n'imbaraga nke, ubwinshi, ubwinshi kandi budakabije bwibice bifatika nyuma yo guturika, nimbaraga zica zica, iterambere ryumubiri wimbere wicyumba cyimbere ryigeze ribangamirwa.Kuva mu 1963, kaliberi zitandukanye z'amasasu ya minisiteri zakozwe hifashishijwe ibyuma bidasanzwe byangiza isi, byongereye ibikoresho bya mashini inshuro 1-2, bigwiza umubare wibice bifatika, kandi bikarishye ubukana bwibice, byongera imbaraga zabo zo kwica.Umubare mwiza wibice hamwe na radiyo yica cyane yubwoko runaka bwigisasu cya Cannon hamwe nimbunda yimbunda ya Field ikozwe muribi bikoresho mubushinwa nibyiza cyane ugereranije nibisasu.

Gukoresha ibinyabuzima bidasanzwe bya ferrous nka magnesium na aluminium mubuhanga bugezweho bwa gisirikare

 Ntibisanzweifite ibikorwa byimiti myinshi na radiyo nini ya Atome.Iyo yongewe kumyuma idafite ferrous hamwe nayivanze, irashobora gutunganya ibinyampeke, ikarinda amacakubiri, gutesha agaciro, kuvanaho umwanda no kwezwa, no kunoza imiterere ya metallografiya, kugirango igere ku ntego yuzuye yo kuzamura imiterere yubukanishi, imitungo yumubiri hamwe nuburyo bwo gutunganya .Abakozi bo mu gihugu ndetse no hanze yacyo bakoze isi nshya idasanzwe ya magnesium, amavuta ya aluminiyumu, titanium, hamwe na superalloys bakoresheje uyu mutungo w'isi idasanzwe.Ibicuruzwa byakoreshejwe cyane mu ikoranabuhanga rya kijyambere rya gisirikare nk'indege zirwana, indege zitera, kajugujugu, ibinyabiziga bitagira abapilote, hamwe na satelite ya misile.

2.1 Ntibisanzwe isi ya magnesium

Ntibisanzwe isi ya magnesiumzifite imbaraga zidasanzwe, zishobora kugabanya uburemere bwindege, kunoza imikorere ya tactique, kandi ifite ibyifuzo byinshi.Ubutaka budasanzwe bwa magnesium butunganijwe bwakozwe na China Aviation Industry Corporation (nyuma yiswe AVIC) burimo ibyiciro bigera ku 10 byitwa magnesium alloys hamwe na magnesium yivanze, ibyinshi muri byo bikaba byarakoreshejwe mu musaruro kandi bifite ireme rihamye.Kurugero, ZM 6 ikora magnesium ivanze hamwe nicyuma kidasanzwe cyisi neodymium nkinyongera nyamukuru yaguwe kugirango ikoreshwe mubice byingenzi nka kajugujugu yinyuma yo kugabanya inyuma, imbavu zamababa yintambara, hamwe na rotor ya plaque ya moteri ya generator 30.Ubutaka budasanzwe bukomeye bwa magnesium alloy BM 25 bufatanije na AVIC Corporation na Nonferrous Metals Corporation bwasimbuye imbaraga za aluminiyumu ziciriritse kandi zashyizwe mubikorwa byindege.

2.2 Ntibisanzwe isi titanium

Mu ntangiriro ya za 70, Ikigo cya Beijing cy’ibikoresho byo mu kirere (byitwa Ikigo cy’ibikoresho by’indege) cyasimbuye aluminium na silikoni hamwe na cerium idasanzwe y’ubutaka (Ce) muri Ti-A1-Mo ya titanium, bigabanya imvura y’ibice bito kandi kunoza ubushyuhe bwumuriro hamwe no kunoza ubushyuhe bwumuriro.Hashingiwe kuri ibyo, imikorere-yo hejuru yubushyuhe bwo hejuru ya titanium alloy ZT3 irimo cerium yatunganijwe.Ugereranije n’ibivange mpuzamahanga bisa, bifite ibyiza bimwe mubijyanye nimbaraga zo kurwanya ubushyuhe nibikorwa.Ikariso ya compressor yakozwe nayo ikoreshwa kuri moteri ya W PI3 II, hamwe no kugabanya ibiro 39 kg kuri buri ndege no kwiyongera kwingufu zingana na 1.5%.Byongeye kandi, kugabanya intambwe zo gutunganya hafi 30% byageze ku nyungu zikomeye mu bya tekiniki n’ubukungu, byuzuza icyuho cyo gukoresha caste titanium casings ya moteri yindege mu Bushinwa kuri 500 ℃.Ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko hari uduce duto twa cerium oxyde muri microstructure ya ZT3 alloy irimo cerium.Cerium ikomatanya igice cya ogisijeni mu mavuta kugirango ikore ibintu bikomeye kandi bikomeyeisi idasanzweibikoresho, Ce2O3.Ibi bice bibangamira kugenda kwa dislokisiyo mugihe cyo guhindura ibintu, bigateza imbere ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwimikorere.Cerium ifata igice cyumwanda wa gazi (cyane cyane kumupaka wingano), ishobora gushimangira amavuta mugihe ikomeza ubushyuhe bwiza.Nibigeragezo byambere byo gushyira mubikorwa theorite ya solute point ishimangira gukomera muri titanium alloys.Mubyongeyeho, Ikigo cyibikoresho byindege byateye imbere kandi bihendutseYttrium (III) oxydeumucanga nifu mumyaka yubushakashatsi hamwe nubuhanga budasanzwe bwo kuvura amabuye y'agaciro muri titanium alloy solution precision casting process.Yageze ku rwego rwiza mubijyanye n'uburemere bwihariye, gukomera no gutuza kumazi ya titanium, kandi yerekanye ibyiza byinshi muguhindura no kugenzura imikorere ya shell slurry.Inyungu idasanzwe yo gukoreshaYttrium (III) oxydeIgikonoshwa cyo gukora titanium ya castani ni uko mugihe ubuziranenge bwa casting hamwe nurwego rwibikorwa bihwanye na tungsten coating, titanium alloy castings yoroheje kuruta uburyo bwo gutwikira tungsten.Kugeza ubu, ubu buryo bwakoreshejwe cyane mu gukora indege zitandukanye, moteri, hamwe n’abasivili.

2.3 Ntibisanzwe isi ya aluminiyumu

Ubushyuhe burwanya ubushyuhe bwa aluminiyumu HZL206 yakozwe na AVIC ifite ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwo hejuru hamwe nubushyuhe bwo mucyumba ugereranije nubushakashatsi bw’amahanga burimo nikel, kandi bugeze ku rwego rwo hejuru rw’imiti isa nayo mu mahanga.Ubu ikoreshwa nka valve irwanya umuvuduko wa kajugujugu nindege zintambara hamwe nubushyuhe bwakazi bwa 300 ℃, bigasimbuza ibyuma na titanium.Uburemere bwimiterere bwaragabanutse kandi bushyirwa mubikorwa byinshi.Imbaraga zingana zubutaka budasanzwe aluminium silicon hypereutectic ZL117 alloy kuri 200-300 ℃ irenze iy'ubudage bwa piston yo mu Budage bw’iburengerazuba KS280 na KS282.Kwambara kwayo kwikubye inshuro 4-5 kurenza izisanzwe zikoreshwa muri piston alloys ZL108, hamwe na coefficient ntoya yo kwagura umurongo no guhagarara neza.Yakoreshejwe mubikoresho byindege KY-5, compressor ya KY-7, hamwe na piston yerekana moteri yindege.Ongeramo ibintu bidasanzwe byubutaka kuri aluminiyumu itezimbere cyane microstructure hamwe nubukanishi.Uburyo bwibikorwa byubutaka budasanzwe muri aluminiyumu ni: gushiraho ikwirakwizwa ryatatanye, hamwe n’ibintu bito bya aluminiyumu bigira uruhare runini mu gushimangira icyiciro cya kabiri;Kwiyongera kwibintu bidasanzwe byisi bigira uruhare runini rwa Catharsis, bityo bikagabanya umubare wibyondo mumisemburo no kunoza imikorere yumuti;Ntibisanzwe isi ya aluminiyumu ikora nka nuclei itandukanye yo gutunganya ibinyampeke nibice bya eutectic, kandi nabyo birahindura;Ntibisanzwe isi itera gushiraho no gutunganya ibyiciro bikungahaye kuri fer, bikagabanya ingaruka mbi zabyo..

Ikoreshwa ryibikoresho bidasanzwe byo gutwika isi mubuhanga bwa gisirikare bugezweho

3.1 Ibyuma bidasanzwe byisi

Ibyuma bidasanzwe byubutaka, bitewe nubumara bwimiti ikora, bikunda guhura na ogisijeni, sulfure, na azote bikora ibintu bihamye.Iyo uhuye nubushyamirane bukabije ningaruka, ibishashi birashobora gutwika ibintu byaka.Kubwibyo, nko mu 1908, yakozwe muri flint.Byagaragaye ko mubintu 17 bidasanzwe byisi, ibintu bitandatu, birimo cerium, lanthanum, neodymium, praseodymium, samarium, na yttrium, bifite imikorere myiza yo gutwika.Abantu bakoze intwaro zitandukanye zo gutwika zishingiye ku gutwika ubutare budasanzwe.Kurugero, misile 227 kg misile "Mark 82" yo muri Amerika ikoresha ibyuma bidasanzwe byubutaka, bidatanga gusa ingaruka zubwicanyi buturika ahubwo binagira ingaruka zo gutwika.Indege ya roketi yo muri Amerika "damping man" yo mu bwoko bwa roketi ifite ibikoresho 108 bidasanzwe by'ubutaka bwa metero kare nk'imirongo, isimbuza ibice bimwe byateguwe.Ibizamini biturika bihamye byerekanye ko ubushobozi bwayo bwo gutwika lisansi yindege iri hejuru ya 44% kurenza iyidafite umurongo.

3.2 Kuvanga ubutaka budasanzwe

Bitewe nigiciro cyo hejuru cyeraicyuma cy'isi kidasanzwes, igiciro gito cyibikoresho byubutaka bidasanzwe bikoreshwa cyane mubirwanisho byo gutwika mubihugu bitandukanye.Ibikoresho bidasanzwe byo gutwika isi byapakiwe mubishishwa byicyuma munsi yumuvuduko mwinshi, hamwe nubucucike bwumuriro wa (1.9 ~ 2.1) × 103 kg / m3, umuvuduko wo gutwika 1.3-1.5 m / s, diameter yumuriro wa mm 500, n'ubushyuhe bwa flame kugeza 1715-2000 ℃.Nyuma yo gutwikwa, umubiri utwika ukomeza gushyuha muminota irenga 5.Mu gihe cyo gutera Vietnam, ingabo z’Amerika zakoresheje ibisasu kugira ngo zirasa grenade 40mm yo gutwika, yari yuzuyemo umurongo utwika wakozwe mu cyuma kivanze n'ubutaka budasanzwe.Nyuma yuko igisasu giturika, buri gice gifite umurongo ugurumana gishobora gutwika intego.Muri kiriya gihe, buri kwezi umusaruro w’ibisasu wageze ku 200000, hamwe na 260000.

3.3 Ntibisanzwe isi yaka

Ubutaka budasanzwe bwo gutwika hamwe nuburemere bwa 100g burashobora gukora 200 ~ 3000, bugatwikira ahantu hanini, bingana na radiyo yica amasasu atobora amasasu hamwe nintwaro yo gutobora ibirwanisho.Kubwibyo, guteza imbere amasasu menshi afite imbaraga zo gutwika byabaye kimwe mubyerekezo byingenzi byiterambere ryamasasu mugihugu ndetse no mumahanga.Ku masasu yo gutobora ibirwanisho no gutobora ibirwanisho, imikorere yabo ya tactique isaba ko nyuma yo gutobora ibirwanisho bya tanki yumwanzi, bashobora gutwika lisansi n'amasasu kugirango basenye burundu tank.Kuri grenade, birasabwa gutwika ibikoresho bya gisirikare nibikoresho byubaka aho biciwe.Biravugwa ko icyuma cya plastiki kidasanzwe cyisi cyaka umuriro cyakozwe muri Made muri Amerika gikozwe muri fibre fibre yongerewe imbaraga nylon hamwe na karitsiye idasanzwe ivanze na karitsiye imbere, ikaba ifite ingaruka nziza kurwanya lisansi yindege hamwe nintego zisa.

Gushyira mu bikorwa ibikoresho bidasanzwe ku isi mu kurinda igisirikare n’ikoranabuhanga rya kirimbuzi

4.1 Gusaba mubuhanga bwo kurinda igisirikare

Ntibisanzwe isi ifite imiterere irwanya imirasire.Ikigo cy’igihugu cya Neutron cyambukiranya ikigo cya Leta zunzubumwe z’Amerika cyakoze amasahani abiri afite umubyimba wa mm 10 ukoresheje ibikoresho bya polymer nkibikoresho fatizo, hiyongereyeho cyangwa hatabariwemo ibintu bidasanzwe by’ubutaka, kugirango bipimishe imishwarara.Ibisubizo byerekana ko ingaruka ya neutron ikingira yumuriro wibikoresho bidasanzwe byubutaka bwa polimeri iruta inshuro 5-6 kurenza iy'ibikoresho bidasanzwe bya polymer byubusa.Muri byo, ibikoresho bidasanzwe byisi hamwe na Sm, Eu, Gd, Dy nibindi bintu bifite igice kinini cya neutron Absorption cross cross hamwe ningaruka nziza yo gufata neutron.Kugeza ubu, ibyingenzi bikoreshwa mubikoresho bidasanzwe byo kurinda imirasire yisi mu ikoranabuhanga rya gisirikare birimo ibintu bikurikira.

4.1.1 Gukingira imirasire ya kirimbuzi

Amerika ikoresha 1% boron na 5% yibintu bidasanzwe byisigadolinium, samariumnalanthanumgukora 600mm yubushyuhe bwimirasire ya beto yo gukingira fonction Neutron isoko ya pisine yo koga.Ubufaransa bwateje imbere ibintu bidasanzwe birinda imirasire yisi yongeraho Boride, isi idasanzwe cyangwa isi idasanzwe ivanze na grafite nkibikoresho fatizo.Uzuza ibi bikoresho byo gukingira asabwa gukwirakwizwa neza no gukorwa mubice byateguwe, bigashyirwa hafi yumuyoboro wa reaktor ukurikije ibisabwa bitandukanye byahantu harinzwe.

4.1.2

Igizwe n'ibice bine bya veneer, hamwe n'ubugari bwa cm 5-20.Igice cya mbere gikozwe mubirahuri bya fibre byongerewe imbaraga, hamwe nifu ya organic organique yongewemo na 2% yubutaka budasanzwe nkibintu byuzuza neutron byihuse kandi bikurura neutron buhoro;Igice cya kabiri n'icya gatatu byongeraho boron grafite, polystirene, hamwe nubutaka budasanzwe bingana na 10% byuzuye byuzuye mbere kugirango bahagarike ingufu za neutron hagati kandi bakuramo neutron yumuriro;Igice cya kane gikoresha grafite aho gukoresha fibre yikirahure, ikongeramo 25% yubutaka budasanzwe bwo gukuramo neutron yumuriro.

4.1.3 Abandi

Gukoresha imishwarara idasanzwe irwanya imirasire yisi kubigega, amato, aho kuba, nibindi bikoresho bya gisirikare birashobora kugira ingaruka mbi kumirasire.

4.2 Gushyira mu bikorwa Ikoranabuhanga rya kirimbuzi

Ubutaka budasanzwe Yttrium (III) oxyde irashobora gukoreshwa nkumuriro ushobora gutwika amavuta ya uranium mumashanyarazi abira (BWR).Mubintu byose, gadolinium ifite ubushobozi bukomeye bwo kwinjiza neutron, hamwe na 4600 intego kuri atome.Buri atom ya gadolinium isanzwe ikuramo impuzandengo ya neutron 4 mbere yo gutsindwa.Iyo ivanze na uraniyumu ishobora gucika, gadolinium irashobora guteza imbere gutwikwa, kugabanya gukoresha uraniyumu, no kongera ingufu.Bitandukanye na Borb karbide,Okiside ya Gadolinium (III)ntabwo itanga deuterium, yangiza-ibicuruzwa.Irashobora guhuza lisansi ya uranium hamwe nibikoresho byayo muri reaction ya Nucleaire.Ibyiza byo gukoresha gadolinium mu mwanya wa boron nuko gadolinium ishobora kuvangwa na uranium mu buryo butaziguye kugira ngo ikwirakwizwa rya peteroli ya kirimbuzi.Nk’uko imibare ibigaragaza, ku isi hose hari amashanyarazi 149 ateganijwe kubakwa, 115 muri yo akaba akoreshwa n’amazi akoreshwa n’amazi akoreshejeUbutaka budasanzweh Okiside ya Gadolinium (III).Ntibisanzwe samarium,europium, na dysprosium yakoreshejwe nkibikoresho bya neutron mumashanyarazi ya neutron.Ntibisanzweyttriumifite uduce duto twa cross-section muri neutron kandi irashobora gukoreshwa nkibikoresho byumuyoboro wumunyu ushonga.Ifu yoroheje yongewemo nubutaka budasanzwe gadolinium na dysprosium irashobora gukoreshwa nkumushakashatsi wa neutron mumashanyarazi mu kirere no mu nganda z’inganda za kirimbuzi, umubare muto w’ubutaka budasanzwe thulium na erbium urashobora gukoreshwa nkibikoresho bigenewe imiyoboro ya moteri ya Neutron, hamwe nubutaka budasanzwe cermet ya europium oxyde irashobora gukoreshwa mugukora plaque igenzura neza.Ni gake cyane gadolinium irashobora kandi gukoreshwa nk'inyongeramusaruro kugira ngo ikumire imirasire ya bombe ya neutron, kandi ibinyabiziga bitwaje ibirwanisho bifatanyirijwe hamwe bidasanzwe birimo okiside ya gadolinium birashobora gukumira imirasire ya neutron.Ntibisanzwe isi ytterbium ikoreshwa mubikoresho byo gupima ibibazo byubutaka biterwa no guturika kwa kirimbuzi.Iyo isi idasanzwe ytterbium ikorewe imbaraga, kurwanya biriyongera, kandi impinduka mukurwanya irashobora gukoreshwa mukubara umuvuduko ukoreshwa.Guhuza isi idasanzwe gadolinium foil yabitswe kandi igahuzwa nibintu byoroshye guhangayika birashobora gukoreshwa mugupima ingufu za kirimbuzi nyinshi.

Gukoresha Ibikoresho 5 Bidasanzwe Byisi Byuma bya Magneti muburyo bwa tekinoroji ya gisirikare igezweho

Isi idasanzwe yibikoresho bya magneti bihoraho, bizwi nkibisekuru bishya byumwami wa magneti, kuri ubu ni ibintu byuzuye byuzuye bya magneti bihoraho bizwi.Ifite magnetiki zirenga 100 kurenza ibyuma bya rukuruzi bikoreshwa mubikoresho bya gisirikare mu myaka ya za 70.Kugeza ubu, byahindutse ibikoresho byingenzi mu itumanaho rya kijyambere rya elegitoroniki.Ikoreshwa muri Travelling-wave tube na circulator muri satelite yisi yubukorikori, radar nibindi bice.Kubwibyo, bifite akamaro gakomeye mubisirikare.

Imashini za SmCo na NdFeB zikoreshwa mumashanyarazi ya elegitoronike yibanda muri sisitemu yo kuyobora misile.Magnets nibikoresho nyamukuru byibanda kumashanyarazi ya elegitoronike, yohereza amakuru hejuru yubugenzuzi bwa misile.Hafi ya pound 5-10 (2.27-4.54 kg) za magneti muri buri gikoresho cyerekeza kuri misile.Byongeye kandi, magneti adasanzwe yisi nayo akoreshwa mugutwara moteri no kuzunguruka Rudder # Indege za misile ziyobowe.Ibyiza byabo ni magnetisme nuburemere bworoshye kuruta magneti ya mbere ya Ni Ni Co.

Gushyira mu bikorwa ibikoresho bidakunze gukoreshwa mu buhanga bwa gisirikare bugezweho

Laser ni ubwoko bushya bwumucyo ufite monochromaticité nziza, icyerekezo, hamwe, kandi bishobora kugera kumucyo mwinshi.Ibikoresho bya Laser kandi bidasanzwe bya laser byavutse icyarimwe.Kugeza ubu, hafi 90% y'ibikoresho bya laser birimo isi idasanzwe.Kurugero, Yttrium aluminium garnet kristal ni lazeri ikoreshwa cyane ishobora kubona ingufu zidasanzwe zikomeza ubushyuhe bwicyumba.Gukoresha lazeri-ikomeye ya lazeri mubisirikare bigezweho birimo ibintu bikurikira.

6.1

Neodymium doped yttrium aluminium garnet yatejwe imbere muri Amerika, Ubwongereza, Ubufaransa, Ubudage ndetse n’ibindi bihugu irashobora gupima intera ya 4000 ~ 20000 m ifite uburebure bwa m 5.Sisitemu yintwaro nka MI yo muri Amerika, Ingwe ya II y’Ubudage, Lecler y’Ubufaransa, Ubwoko bw’Ubuyapani 90, Mekava yo muri Isiraheli, hamwe na tanki iheruka ya British Challenger 2 yose ikoresha ubu bwoko bwa laser rangefinder.Kugeza ubu, ibihugu bimwe na bimwe birimo guteza imbere igisekuru gishya cy’ibikoresho bya leta bigamije umutekano w’amaso y’umuntu, hamwe n’uburebure bw’umurambararo uri hagati ya 1.5 na 2,1 μ M. Yttrium lithium fluoride laser ifite umurongo ukora wa 2.06 μ M, ugera kuri m 3000.Reta zunzubumwe zamerika hamwe nisosiyete mpuzamahanga ya Laser nayo bafatanije gukoresha lazeri ya Yttrium lithium fluoride ya erbium kandi ikora uburebure bwumurambararo wa 1.73 μ M ya lazeri hamwe ningabo zifite ibikoresho byinshi.Uburebure bwa laser yumurongo wa gisirikare wubushinwa ni 1.06 μ M, kuva kuri 200 kugeza 7000 m.Mu kohereza ibisasu bya rokete ndende, misile hamwe na satelite y'itumanaho bigerageza, Ubushinwa bwabonye amakuru y'ingenzi mu gupima intera binyuze muri Laser TV Theodolite.

6.2 Ubuyobozi bwa Laser

Laser iyobowe na bombe ikoresha laseri kugirango iyobore.Intego irabagirana hamwe na laser ya Nd · YAG isohora impiswi mirongo kumasegonda.Impiswi zifite kodegisi, kandi urumuri rworoheje rushobora kuyobora misile, bityo bikabuza kwivanga kwa misile n'inzitizi zashyizweho n'umwanzi.Kurugero, igisirikare cya Amerika GBV-15 Glide igisasu cyitwa "bombe yubwenge".Muri ubwo buryo, irashobora kandi gukoreshwa mugukora laser iyobora ibishishwa.

6.3 Itumanaho rya Laser

Usibye Nd · YAG irashobora gukoreshwa mugutumanaho kwa laser, ibisohoka bya laser ya lithium tetra Neodymium (III) fosifate kristal (LNP) ifite polarize kandi byoroshye kuyigana.Bifatwa nkimwe mubikoresho bitanga icyizere cya micro laser, bikwiranye nisoko yumucyo wo gutumanaho kwa fibre optique, kandi biteganijwe ko bizashyirwa mubikorwa bya optique hamwe n’itumanaho ry’ikirere.Byongeye kandi, Yttrium icyuma garnet (Y3Fe5O12) kristal imwe imwe irashobora gukoreshwa nkibikoresho bitandukanye bya magnetostatike yo hejuru yumurongo wogukoresha uburyo bwa microwave ihuza ibikorwa, bigatuma ibikoresho bihuzwa kandi bigahinduka miniaturizasi, kandi bifite porogaramu zidasanzwe mugucunga kure ya radar hamwe na telemetrie, kugendana no kurwanya ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki.

Ikoreshwa ryibikoresho 7 bidasanzwe byisi mu buhanga bwa gisirikare bugezweho

Iyo ibikoresho biri munsi yubushyuhe runaka, ibintu byerekana ko kurwanya ari zeru, ni ukuvuga superconductivity, bibaho.Ubushyuhe nubushyuhe bukomeye (Tc).Amashanyarazi ni antimagneti.Iyo ubushyuhe buri munsi yubushyuhe bukomeye, superconductor yanga umurima wose wa magneti ugerageza kubikoresha.Nibintu byitwa ingaruka za Meissner.Ongeraho ibintu bidasanzwe byisi mubikoresho birenze urugero birashobora kongera cyane ubushyuhe bukomeye Tc.Ibi byateje imbere cyane iterambere nogukoresha ibikoresho birenze urugero.Mu myaka ya za 1980, Amerika, Ubuyapani ndetse n’ibindi bihugu byateye imbere byakurikiranye byongera umubare munini wa lanthanumu, yttrium, europium, erbium n’indi miti idasanzwe yo mu isi kuri oxyde ya Barium na oxyde ya Copper (II), yavanze, ikanda kandi ikayungurura. shiraho ibikoresho bya ceramic superconducting, gukora cyane muburyo bwa tekinoroji ya superconducting, cyane cyane mubikorwa bya gisirikare, cyane.

7.1 Kuzenguruka imiyoboro ihuriweho

Mu myaka yashize, ibihugu by’amahanga byakoze ubushakashatsi ku ikoreshwa ry’ikoranabuhanga rirenze urugero muri mudasobwa ya elegitoroniki, kandi ryateje imbere imiyoboro ihanitse ikoresheje ibikoresho bya ceramic superconducting.Niba iyi miyoboro ihuriweho ikoreshwa mugukora mudasobwa zidasanzwe, ntabwo ifite ubunini buto, uburemere bworoshye, kandi iroroshye kuyikoresha, ariko kandi ifite umuvuduko wo kubara inshuro 10 kugeza 100 kurenza mudasobwa ya semiconductor