Praseodymium oxyde,Inzira ya molekilePr6O11, uburemere bwa molekile 1021.44.
Irashobora gukoreshwa mubirahuri, metallurgie, kandi nkinyongera yifu ya fluorescent.Praseodymium oxyde nimwe mubicuruzwa byingenzi mumucyoibicuruzwa bidasanzwe ku isi.
Bitewe nimiterere yihariye yumubiri nubumashini, yagiye ikoreshwa cyane mubice nka ceramika, ikirahure, isi idasanzwe ya magnesi zihoraho, catalizike yisi idasanzwe, ifu yubutaka budasanzwe, ifu yo gusya, ibikoresho byongeweho, hamwe nibyiza byiringiro.
Kuva mu myaka ya za 90, ikoranabuhanga ry’ibicuruzwa n’ibikoresho bya oxyde ya praseodymium byateye imbere cyane kandi binonosora, hamwe n’ibicuruzwa byihuse ndetse n’umusaruro wiyongera.Ntishobora gusa kuba yujuje ibyifuzo byimbere mu gihugu nibisabwa ku isoko, ariko hari n’ibicuruzwa byinshi byoherezwa mu mahanga.Kubera iyo mpamvu, Ubushinwa bukoresha ikoranabuhanga, ibicuruzwa n’umusaruro wa oxyde ya praseodymium, kimwe n’ibisabwa ku masoko yo mu gihugu ndetse n’amahanga, biri mu biza ku isonga mu nganda zimwe ku isi.
Ibyiza
Ifu yumukara, ubucucike 6.88g / cm3, gushonga 2042 ℃, ingingo itetse 3760 ℃.Kudashonga mumazi, gushonga muri acide kugirango ube umunyu muto.Imikorere myiza.
Synthesis
1. Uburyo bwo gutandukanya imiti.Harimo uburyo bwo gutandukanya ibice, uburyo bwimvura igwa hamwe nuburyo bwa okiside.Iyambere iratandukanye hashingiwe ku itandukaniro rya kristal solubilité ya nitrate idasanzwe.Gutandukana gushingiye kubicuruzwa bitandukanye byimvura yubutaka budasanzwe sulfate yumunyu mwinshi.Iheruka iratandukanye ishingiye kuri okiside ya trivalent Pr3 + kuri tetravalent Pr4 +.Ubu buryo butatu ntabwo bwakoreshejwe mubikorwa byinganda kubera igipimo gito cyo kugarura isi gake, inzira igoye, ibikorwa bigoye, umusaruro muke, nigiciro kinini.
2. Uburyo bwo gutandukana.Harimo uburyo bwo gukuramo ibintu bigoye gutandukana hamwe na saponification P-507 uburyo bwo gutandukanya.Iyambere ikoresha ibiyikuramo bigoye DYPA na N-263 ikuramo kugirango ikure kandi itandukane na praseodymium na sisitemu ya acide ya nitricike yo gukungahaza praseodymium neodymium, bivamo umusaruro wa Pr6O11 99% wa 98%.Nyamara, kubera inzira igoye, gukoresha cyane ibintu bigoye, hamwe nigiciro kinini cyibicuruzwa, ntabwo byakoreshejwe mubikorwa byinganda.Babiri ba nyuma bafite gukuramo neza no gutandukanya praseodymium na P-507, byombi byakoreshejwe mubikorwa byinganda.Nyamara, kubera imikorere ihanitse yo gukuramo P-507 ya praseodymium hamwe n’igihombo kinini cya P-204, uburyo bwo kuvoma no gutandukanya P-507 busanzwe bukoreshwa mu nganda.
3. Uburyo bwo guhana ion bukoreshwa gake mubikorwa bitewe nuburyo burebure, imikorere iteye ikibazo, numusaruro muke, ariko ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa Pr6O11 ≥ 99 5%, umusaruro ≥ 85%, kandi umusaruro kuri buri gice cyibikoresho ni muke.
1) Umusaruro wibicuruzwa bya praseodymium ukoresheje uburyo bwo guhanahana ion: ukoresheje praseodymium neodymium ikungahaye cyane (Pr, Nd) 2Cl3 nkibikoresho fatizo.Yateguwe mubisubizo byibiryo (Pr, Nd) Cl3 hanyuma bishyirwa mumurongo wa adsorption kuri adsorb yuzuye isi idasanzwe.Iyo kwibumbira hamwe byigaburo ryibiryo byinjira ari kimwe nubuso bwo gusohoka, adsorption yubutaka budasanzwe irarangira ugategereza inzira ikurikira yo gukoresha.Nyuma yo gupakira inkingi muri cationic resin, CuSO4-H2SO4 igisubizo gikoreshwa mugutemba mukinkingi kugirango hategurwe Cu H + idasanzwe yo gutandukanya isi kugirango ikoreshwe.Nyuma yo guhuza inkingi imwe ya adsorption hamwe ninkingi eshatu zo gutandukanya murukurikirane, koresha EDT A (0 015M) Bitemba biva mumbere yinkingi yambere ya adsorption kugirango utandukane (igipimo cya 1 2cm / min）。 Iyo neodymium yabanje gusohoka kumasoko ya inkingi ya gatatu yo gutandukana mugihe cyo gutandukana, irashobora gukusanywa niyakira hanyuma ikavurwa muburyo bwa chimique kugirango ibone umusaruro wa Nd2O3. Nyuma ya neodymium mumurongo wo gutandukana, igisubizo cyiza cya PrCl3 cyegeranijwe kumasoko yinkingi yo gutandukana hanyuma kigakorerwa imiti. kubyara ibicuruzwa bya Pr6O11. Inzira nyamukuru nuburyo bukurikira: ibikoresho fatizo → gutegura igisubizo cyibiryo → adsorption yubutaka budasanzwe kumurongo wa adsorption → guhuza inkingi yo gutandukana → gutandukana gutandukana → gukusanya igisubizo cyiza cya praseodymium → imvura igwa aside aside → gutahura → gupakira.
2) Umusaruro wibicuruzwa bya praseodymium ukoresheje uburyo bwo kuvoma P-204: ukoresheje lanthanum cerium praseodymium chloride (La, Ce, Pr) Cl3 nkibikoresho fatizo.Kuvanga ibikoresho bibisi mumazi, saponify P-204, hanyuma ongeramo kerosene kugirango ubone igisubizo gikuramo.Tandukanya ibiryo byamazi na praseodymium yakuwe mu kigega kivanze cyo gusobanura.Noneho oza umwanda mugice kama, hanyuma ukoreshe HCl kugirango ukuremo praseodymium kugirango ubone igisubizo cyiza cya PrCl3.Witegure hamwe na aside ya oxyde, calcine, na pake kugirango ubone ibicuruzwa bya praseodymium.Inzira nyamukuru nuburyo bukurikira: ibikoresho fatizo → gutegura igisubizo cyibiryo → P-204 gukuramo praseodymium → gukaraba → aside aside yo hasi ya praseodymium → igisubizo cyiza cya PrCl3 → imvura igwa aside aside → kubara → gupima → gupakira (ibicuruzwa bya praseodymium).
3) Umusaruro wa oxyde ya praseodymium ukoresheje uburyo bwo kuvoma P507: Ukoresheje cerium praseodymium chloride (Ce, Pr) Cl3 yakuwe mu majyepfo ya ionic yisi idasanzwe yibanda nkibikoresho fatizo (REO ≥ 45%, oxyde ya praseodymium ≥ 75%).Nyuma yo gukuramo praseodymium hamwe nigisubizo cyibiryo byateguwe hamwe na P507 ikuramo mu kigega cyo gukuramo, umwanda wo mu cyiciro kama wogejwe hamwe na HCl.Hanyuma, praseodymium yakuwe hamwe na HCl kugirango ibone igisubizo cyiza cya PrCl3.Imvura ya praseodymium hamwe na aside ya oxyde, kubara, no gupakira umusaruro wa praseodymium oxyde.Inzira nyamukuru nuburyo bukurikira: ibikoresho fatizo → gutegura igisubizo cyibiryo → gukuramo praseodymium hamwe na P-507 → gukaraba umwanda → gukuramo reaction ya praseodymium → igisubizo cyiza cya PrCl3 → imvura igwa aside aside → kubara → gutahura → gupakira (ibicuruzwa bya praseodymium).
4) Umusaruro wibicuruzwa bya praseodymium ukoresheje uburyo bwo kuvoma P507: Lanthanum praseodymium chloride (Cl, Pr) Cl3 yabonetse mugutunganya Sichuan idasanzwe yubutaka ikoreshwa nkibikoresho fatizo (REO ≥ 45%, oxyde ya praseodymium 8.05%), kandi ni byateguwe mumazi yo kugaburira.Praseodymium noneho ikurwamo hamwe na saponified P507 yo kuvoma mu kigega cyo kuvoma, kandi umwanda wo mu cyiciro kama ukurwaho no gukaraba HCl.Hanyuma, HCl yakoreshejwe mugukuramo praseodymium kugirango ibone igisubizo cyiza cya PrCl3.Ibicuruzwa bya praseodymium biboneka mugutwara praseodymium hamwe na aside ya oxyde, kubara, no gupakira.Inzira nyamukuru ni: ibikoresho fatizo solution igisubizo cyibikoresho → P-507 gukuramo praseodymium → gukaraba umwanda → gukuramo gukuramo praseodymium → igisubizo cyiza cya PrCl3 → imvura igwa aside aside → kubara → gupima → gupakira (ibicuruzwa bya praseodymium).
Kugeza ubu, tekinoroji yingenzi yo gukora ibicuruzwa biva mu bwoko bwa praseodymium mu Bushinwa ni uburyo bwo kuvoma P507 hakoreshejwe sisitemu ya hydrochloric aside, yakoreshejwe cyane mu nganda zikora inganda zitandukanye za okiside zidasanzwe ku isi kandi ikaba yarahindutse ikoranabuhanga ryateye imbere mu buryo bumwe inganda ku isi hose, zikurikirana mu isonga.
Gusaba
1. Gushyira mubirahuri bidasanzwe
Nyuma yo kongeramo isi ya oxyde idasanzwe mubice bitandukanye byikirahure, hashobora gukorwa amabara atandukanye yibirahuri byisi bidasanzwe, nkikirahure kibisi, ikirahure cya laser, optique ya magneto optique, hamwe nikirahure cya fibre optique, kandi ibyifuzo byabo bigenda byiyongera umunsi kumunsi.Nyuma yo kongeramo oxyde ya praseodymium mubirahure, ikirahuri cyamabara yicyatsi kirashobora gukorwa, gifite agaciro keza mubuhanzi kandi gishobora no kwigana amabuye y'agaciro.Ubu bwoko bwikirahure busa nicyatsi iyo gihuye nizuba risanzwe ryizuba, mugihe bisa nkaho bitagira ibara munsi ya buji.Kubwibyo, irashobora gukoreshwa mugukora amabuye y'agaciro y'impimbano n'imitako y'agaciro, hamwe n'amabara meza kandi meza.
2. Gukoresha mubutaka budasanzwe
Ntibisanzwe oxyde yisi irashobora gukoreshwa nkinyongera mubutaka kugirango ikore ibintu byinshi bidasanzwe byubutaka hamwe nibikorwa byiza.Isi idasanzwe yubutaka bwiza muri bo burahagarariwe.Ikoresha ibikoresho fatizo byatoranijwe cyane kandi ikoresha uburyo bworoshye bwo kugenzura inzira nubuhanga bwo gutunganya, bushobora kugenzura neza ibigize ububumbyi.Irashobora kugabanywamo ubwoko bubiri: ubukorikori bukora nubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwububiko.Nyuma yo kongeramo isi idasanzwe ya okiside, irashobora kunoza gucumura, ubucucike, microstructure, hamwe nibice bigize ceramics kugirango byuzuze ibisabwa mubikorwa bitandukanye.Ikibumbano ceramic gikozwe muri oxyde ya praseodymium nkamabara ntigishobora kwangizwa nikirere kiri mu itanura, gifite isura ihamye, hejuru yumucyo, gishobora kunoza imiterere yumubiri nubumashini, kuzamura ubushyuhe bwumuriro nubwiza bwubutaka, kongera amabara atandukanye, no kugabanya ibiciro.Nyuma yo kongeramo okiside ya praseodymium kuri ceramic pigment na glazes, isi idasanzwe ya praseodymium yumuhondo, icyatsi cya praseodymium, icyatsi gitukura munsi yumutuku hamwe nizimu yera yera, ibara ryumuhondo w amahembe yinzovu, pome ya pome ya pome, nibindi.Ubu bwoko bwa farashi yubuhanzi ifite imikorere myiza kandi yoherezwa hanze, ikunzwe mumahanga.Dukurikije imibare ifatika, ikoreshwa rya praseodymium neodymium ku isi mu bukerarugendo burenga toni igihumbi, kandi ni n’umukoresha wa oxyde ya praseodymium.Biteganijwe ko ejo hazaza hazabaho iterambere ryinshi.
3. Gukoresha mubutaka budasanzwe magnesi zihoraho
Igicuruzwa ntarengwa cya magnetiki (BH) ya (Pr, Sm) Co5 magnet ihoraho m = 27MG θ e (216K J / m3)。 Na (BH) m ya PrFeB ni 40MG θ E (320K J / m3).Kubwibyo, ikoreshwa rya Pr ryakozwe na magnesi zihoraho ziracyafite ibisabwa mubikorwa byinganda n’inganda.
4. Koresha mubindi bice kugirango ukore corundum gusya ibiziga.
Hishimikijwe corundum yera, wongeyeho 0,25% ya praseodymium neodymium oxyde irashobora gukora isi idasanzwe ya corundum yo gusya ibiziga, bikanoza cyane imikorere yabyo.Ongera igipimo cyo gusya 30% kugeza 100%, kandi wikubye kabiri ubuzima bwa serivisi.Okiside ya Praseodymium ifite ibintu byiza byo gusya kubikoresho bimwe, bityo irashobora gukoreshwa nkibikoresho byo gusya mubikorwa byo gusya.Ifite okiside ya praseodymium igera kuri 7.5% muri cerium ishingiye ku ifu ya cerium kandi ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gusya ibirahuri bya optique, ibicuruzwa byuma, ibirahuri binini, hamwe na tereviziyo.Ingaruka zo gusya nibyiza kandi ingano yo gusaba ni nini, ibaye ifu yingenzi yo gusya mubushinwa muri iki gihe.Byongeye kandi, ikoreshwa rya peteroli yameneka ya peteroli irashobora kunoza ibikorwa bya catalitiki, kandi irashobora gukoreshwa nkinyongera mugukora ibyuma, kweza ibyuma bishongeshejwe, nibindi. Muri make, ikoreshwa rya oxyde ya praseodymium rihora ryaguka, hamwe nibindi byinshi bikoreshwa muburyo buvanze usibye uburyo bumwe bwa praseodymium oxyde.Bigereranijwe ko iyi nzira izakomeza ejo hazaza.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-26-2023