Ijambo 'catalizator' ryakoreshejwe kuva mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 19, ariko rizwi cyane mu myaka igera kuri 30, nko mu myaka ya za 70 igihe ihumana ry’ikirere n'ibindi bibazo byabaye ikibazo.Mbere yibyo, byagize uruhare runini mubwimbitse bwibiti byimiti abantu batashoboraga kureba, bucece ariko bikomeje mumyaka mirongo.Ninkingi nini yinganda zikora imiti, kandi hamwe no kuvumbura ibintu bishya, inganda nini nini ntizatera imbere kugeza inganda zijyanye nabyo.Kurugero, kuvumbura no gukoresha ibyuma bitanga ibyuma byashizeho urufatiro rwinganda zigezweho za chimique, mugihe kuvumbura catisale ishingiye kuri titanium byafunguye inzira inganda za peteroli na polymer.Mubyukuri, ikoreshwa rya mbere ryibintu bidasanzwe byisi nabyo byatangiranye na catalizator.Mu 1885, CAV Welsbach yo muri Otirishiya yateye inda ya acide ya nitric irimo 99% ThO2 na 1% CeO2 kuri asibesitosi kugirango ikore catalizator, yakoreshwaga mu nganda zikora amatara yaka.
Nyuma, hamwe niterambere ryikoranabuhanga mu nganda no kongera ubushakashatsi kuriisi idasanzwe, byagaragaye ko kubera ingaruka nziza yo guhuza hagati yubutaka budasanzwe nibindi bikoresho bya catalitiki, ibikoresho bidasanzwe bya catalitiki yakozwe muri byo ntabwo bifite imikorere myiza ya catalitiki gusa, ahubwo bifite imikorere myiza yo kurwanya uburozi kandi bihamye.Nibintu byinshi mubutunzi, bihendutse kubiciro, kandi bihamye mubikorwa kuruta ibyuma byagaciro, kandi byahindutse imbaraga nshya murwego rwa catalitiki.Kugeza ubu, catalizike yisi idasanzwe yakoreshejwe henshi mubice bitandukanye nko gucukura peteroli, inganda zikora imiti, gutunganya ibinyabiziga bitwara ibinyabiziga, hamwe na gaze ya catalitiki yaka.Gukoresha isi idasanzwe murwego rwibikoresho bya catalitiki bifite uruhare runini.Amerika ikoresha igice kinini cyubutaka budasanzwe muri catalizike, naho Ubushinwa nabwo bukoresha umubare munini muri kariya gace.
Ibikoresho bidasanzwe bya catalitiki bikomeje gukoreshwa mubice gakondo nka peteroli nubuhanga bwimiti.Mu rwego rwo kurushaho kumenyekanisha ibidukikije ku rwego rw’igihugu, cyane cyane hamwe n’imurikagurisha ry’imikino Olempike yabereye i Beijing 2008 na Shanghai 2010, isabwa n’ikoreshwa ry’ibikoresho bidasanzwe bya catalitiki y’ubutaka mu kurengera ibidukikije, nko gutunganya imyuka y’imodoka, gutwika gaze gasanzwe, gutwika amavuta y’inganda kweza umwotsi, gutunganya gazi ziva mu nganda, no kurandura burundu imyanda kama ihindagurika, biziyongera rwose.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukwakira-11-2023