inkomoko: amakuru

Ntibisanzwe(REEs) nkalanthanumnaneodymiumnibintu byingenzi bigize ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki bigezweho, kuva kuri terefone ngendanwa hamwe n’izuba kugeza kuri satelite n’imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi.Ibyo byuma biremereye bibaho hirya no hino, nubwo ari bike.Ariko ibyifuzo bikomeje kwiyongera kandi kubera ko biboneka muri ubwo buryo buke, uburyo gakondo bwo gukuramo REE burashobora kudakora neza, kwangiza ibidukikije, kandi byangiza ubuzima bwabakozi.

Ubu, ku nkunga yatanzwe na Defence Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) Microbes y’ibidukikije nka gahunda ya BioEngineering Resource (EMBER), abashakashatsi bo muri kaminuza ya Leta ya San Diego barimo gutegura uburyo bwo kuvoma buhanitse hagamijwe kuzamura isoko ry’imbere mu gihugu.

Umuhanga mu binyabuzima n’umushakashatsi mukuru, Marina Kalyuzhnaya yagize ati: "Turimo kugerageza gushyiraho uburyo bushya bwo gukira bwangiza ibidukikije kandi burambye."

Kugira ngo ibyo bishoboke, abashakashatsi bazashakisha uburyo busanzwe bwa bagiteri ikoresha metani iba mu bihe bikabije kugira ngo ifate REE mu bidukikije.

Kalyuzhnaya yagize ati: "Basaba ibintu bidasanzwe by'isi kugira ngo bakore kimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi bitera imbaraga mu nzira zabo."

REEs zirimo ibintu byinshi bya lanthanide yimbonerahamwe yigihe.Ku bufatanye na kaminuza ya Californiya, Berkeley na Pasifika y'Amajyaruguru y'Uburengerazuba (PNNL), abashakashatsi ba SDSU barateganya guhindura injeniyeri inzira y'ibinyabuzima yemerera bagiteri gusarura ibyuma bivuye mu bidukikije.Gusobanukirwa n'iki gikorwa bizamenyesha ishyirwaho rya poroteyine zishushanya za poroteyine zihuza cyane cyane n'ubwoko butandukanye bwa lanthanide, nk'uko bivugwa n'umuhanga mu binyabuzima witwa John Love.Itsinda rya PNNL rizagaragaza imiterere yimiterere ya bagiteri ikabije na REE ikusanya bagiteri, hanyuma iranga gufata REE.

Urukundo ruzahita ruhindura bagiteri kugira ngo rutange poroteyine zihuza ibyuma hejuru y’utugingo ngengabuzima twabo, nk'uko Urukundo rwabivuze.

REEs ni nyinshi cyane mubudozi bwamabuye y'agaciro, ibicuruzwa biva mu bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro, nka aluminium.

Kalyuzhnaya yagize ati: "Ubudozi bwanjye ni imyanda iracyafite ibikoresho byinshi by'ingirakamaro muri byo."

Kugirango usukure kandi ukusanyirize hamwe REE imbere, ayo mazi menshi hamwe namabuye yamenaguwe azanyuzwa muri biofilter irimo za bagiteri zahinduwe, bizemerera poroteyine zishushanya hejuru ya bagiteri guhitamo guhuza REE.Kimwe na bagiteri ikunda metani yakoraga nk'icyitegererezo cyayo, bagiteri zateye imbere zizihanganira ubukana bwa pH, ubushyuhe n'umunyu, imiterere iboneka mu murizo wa kirombe.

Abashakashatsi bazafatanya n’umufatanyabikorwa w’inganda, Palo Alto Research Centre (PARC), isosiyete ya Xerox, kugirango boprint ibikoresho byoroshye, sorbent byo gukoresha muri biofilter.Ubu buryo bwa bioprinting buhendutse kandi buringaniye kandi biteganijwe ko buzavamo amafaranga menshi yo kuzigama iyo akoreshejwe cyane mukugarura amabuye y'agaciro.

Usibye kwipimisha no kunoza ibinyabuzima, iyi kipe igomba no gushyiraho uburyo bwo gukusanya lanthanide isukuye muri biofilter ubwayo, nk'uko byatangajwe na injeniyeri w’ibidukikije Christy Dykstra.Abashakashatsi bafatanije na sosiyete yatangije, Phoenix Tailings, kugirango bagerageze kandi banonosore inzira yo gukira.

Kuberako intego ari ugutezimbere ibikorwa byubucuruzi ariko byangiza ibidukikije mugukuramo REEs, Dykstra nabenshi mubafatanyabikorwa bazasesengura ibiciro bya sisitemu ugereranije nubundi buryo bwikoranabuhanga bwo kugarura lanthanide, ariko ningaruka kubidukikije.

Dykstra yagize ati: "Turateganya ko byagira inyungu nyinshi ku bidukikije ndetse no kugabanya ingufu z'amashanyarazi ugereranije n'izikoreshwa ubu".Ati: "Sisitemu nkiyi yaba myinshi ya sisitemu ya biofiltration ya pasiporo, hamwe n’ingufu nkeya.Hanyuma, mubyukuri, gukoresha bike mubyukuri byangiza ibidukikije nibintu nkibyo.Inzira nyinshi ziriho ubu zizakoresha imashanyarazi ikaze kandi itangiza ibidukikije. ”

Dykstra avuga kandi ko kubera ko bagiteri yigana, ikoranabuhanga rishingiye kuri mikorobe ririmo kwiyubaka, “mu gihe turamutse dukoresheje uburyo bwa shimi, tugomba guhora dukora imiti myinshi kandi myinshi.”

Kalyuzhnaya yagize ati: "Nubwo bizatwara amafaranga make, ariko ntabwo byangiza ibidukikije, ibyo byumvikana."

Intego y'umushinga uterwa inkunga na DARPA ni ugutanga gihamya-yerekana-tekinoroji ya bio-iterwa na tekinoroji ya REE-yo kugarura mu myaka ine, Kalyuzhnaya yavuze ko bizakenera icyerekezo cy'ingamba ndetse n'icyerekezo gihana.

Yongeyeho ko umushinga uzaha abanyeshuri barangije SDSU amahirwe yo kugira uruhare mu bushakashatsi butandukanye “kandi bakareba uburyo ibitekerezo bishobora gukura bivuye mu bitekerezo gusa kugeza ku myigaragambyo y’icyitegererezo.”

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Igihe cyo kohereza: Apr-17-2023