Impamvu nyamukuru yatumye ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi byitabirwa cyane nabantu ni uko kuva mumoteri yaka imbere yumwotsi ukajya mumodoka yamashanyarazi bishobora kugira inyungu nyinshi kubidukikije, kwihutisha kugarura igiti cya ozone no kugabanya abantu muri rusange biterwa n’ibicanwa bito.Izi nizo mpamvu nziza zo gutwara ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi, ariko iki gitekerezo gifite ikibazo gito kandi gishobora kubangamira ibidukikije.Ikigaragara ni uko ibinyabiziga by'amashanyarazi bikoreshwa n'amashanyarazi kuruta lisansi.Izi mbaraga z'amashanyarazi zibitswe muri bateri y'imbere ya lithium-ion.Ikintu benshi muri twe bakunze kwibagirwa nuko bateri idakura kubiti.Nubwo bateri zishobora kwishyurwa zangiza cyane ugereranije na bateri zishobora gukoreshwa mu bikinisho, ziracyakeneye kuva ahantu runaka, nigikorwa cyo gucukura ingufu nyinshi.Batteri irashobora kuba yangiza ibidukikije kuruta lisansi nyuma yo kurangiza imirimo, ariko kuvumburwa kwabo bisaba kwiga neza.
Ibigize bateri
Batare yimodoka yamashanyarazi igizwe nuyobora ibintu bitandukanyeibintu bidasanzwe by'isi, harimoneodymium, dysprosium, kandi birumvikana, lithium.Ibi bikoresho byacukuwe cyane kwisi, kurwego rumwe nicyuma cyagaciro nka zahabu na feza.Mubyukuri, aya mabuye y'agaciro adasanzwe yisi afite agaciro kuruta zahabu cyangwa ifeza, kuko bigize umusingi wa societe yacu ikoresha bateri.
Ikibazo hano gifite ibintu bitatu: icya mbere, nkamavuta akoreshwa mugukora lisansi, ibintu bidasanzwe byubutaka nubutunzi buke.Hariho imitsi myinshi gusa yubwoko nkubu kwisi, kandi uko igenda iba ingume, igiciro cyayo kizamuka.Icya kabiri, ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro ni inzira itwara ingufu cyane.Ukeneye amashanyarazi kugirango utange lisansi kubikoresho byose byamabuye y'agaciro, ibikoresho byo kumurika, n'imashini zitunganya.Icya gatatu, gutunganya amabuye muburyo bukoreshwa bizabyara imyanda myinshi irenze, kandi byibuze kuri ubu, ntidushobora gukora ikintu na kimwe.Imyanda imwe n'imwe irashobora no kugira radioactivite, ishobora guteza akaga abantu ndetse n'ibidukikije.
Twakora iki?
Batteri yabaye igice cyingenzi muri societe igezweho.Turashobora gushobora gukuraho buhoro buhoro kwishingikiriza kuri peteroli, ariko ntidushobora guhagarika ubucukuzi bwa bateri kugeza igihe umuntu atangiriye ingufu za hydrogène isukuye cyangwa guhuza imbeho.None, twokora iki kugirango tugabanye ingaruka mbi zo gusarura isi idasanzwe?
Ikintu cya mbere kandi cyiza ni ugusubiramo.Igihe cyose bateri yimodoka zamashanyarazi zidahwitse, ibintu bibigize birashobora gukoreshwa mugukora bateri nshya.Usibye bateri, amasosiyete amwe yimodoka yagiye akora ubushakashatsi muburyo bwo gutunganya moteri ya moteri, nayo ikozwe mubintu bidasanzwe byisi.
Icya kabiri, dukeneye gusimbuza ibice bya batiri.Amasosiyete yimodoka yagiye akora ubushakashatsi ku buryo bwo gukuraho cyangwa gusimbuza ibintu bimwe na bimwe bidasanzwe muri bateri, nka cobalt, hamwe n’ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije kandi byoroshye kuboneka.Ibi bizagabanya ubucukuzi busabwa kandi byoroshe gutunganya.
Hanyuma, dukeneye igishushanyo gishya cya moteri.Kurugero, moteri yahinduwe yanga irashobora gukoreshwa idakoreshejwe magneti adasanzwe yisi, bizagabanya ibyifuzo byacu kubutaka budasanzwe.Ntabwo byizewe bihagije kugirango bikoreshwe mu bucuruzi, ariko siyanse yabigaragaje.
Guhera ku nyungu z’ibidukikije niyo mpamvu ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi bimaze kumenyekana cyane, ariko iyi ni intambara itagira iherezo.Kugirango tugere ku byiza byacu rwose, dukeneye buri gihe gukora ubushakashatsi ku ikoranabuhanga ryiza rikurikira kugirango tunoze societe yacu kandi dukureho imyanda.
Inkomoko: Imipaka yinganda
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-30-2023