Ntibisanzwe isi nanomateriali Ibintu bidasanzwe byisi bifite imiterere ya 4f sub layer yububiko bwa elegitoronike, umwanya munini wa magnetiki ya atome, imbaraga zikomeye za spin orbit hamwe nibindi biranga, bikavamo ibintu byiza cyane bya optique, amashanyarazi, magnetiki nibindi bintu.Nibikoresho byingirakamaro mubihugu byisi kwisi guhindura inganda gakondo no guteza imbere tekinoroji, kandi bizwi nk "inzu yububiko bwibikoresho bishya".
Usibye gukoreshwa mubikorwa gakondo nkimashini za metallurgie, peteroli, peteroli, ibirahuri, n imyenda yoroheje,isi idasanzweni ibikoresho by'ingenzi bifasha mu bice bigenda bigaragara nk'ingufu zisukuye, ibinyabiziga binini, ibinyabiziga bishya by'ingufu, amatara ya semiconductor, hamwe na disikuru nshya, bifitanye isano rya bugufi n'ubuzima bwa muntu.
Nyuma yimyaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo yiterambere, intego yibanze kubushakashatsi bujyanye nubutaka bwahindutse kuva muburyo bwo gushonga no gutandukanya isi imwe-yera-yera cyane idasanzwe ikoreshwa muburyo bwa tekinoroji yo gukoresha isi idasanzwe muri magnetisme, optique, amashanyarazi, kubika ingufu, catalizike, biomedicine, n'indi mirima.Ku ruhande rumwe, hari inzira nini iganisha ku bikoresho bidasanzwe bigize isi muri sisitemu;Kurundi ruhande, iribanda cyane kubikorwa byo hasi ya kristu yibikoresho bijyanye na morphologie.By'umwihariko hamwe niterambere rya nanoscience igezweho, ikomatanya ingaruka ntoya, ingaruka za kwant, ingaruka zubuso, hamwe ninteruro yimiterere ya nanomateriali hamwe nuburyo bwihariye bwa elegitoronike yububiko buranga ibintu bidasanzwe byubutaka, isi idasanzwe ya nanomateriali yerekana ibintu byinshi bishya bitandukanye nibikoresho gakondo, bikabije imikorere myiza yibikoresho bidasanzwe byubutaka, Kandi irusheho kwagura imikoreshereze yabyo mubikoresho gakondo nibikorwa bishya byubuhanga buhanitse.
Kugeza ubu, hano haribintu bikurikira bikurikira byizerwa cyane bidasanzwe bya nanomateriali, aribyo bidasanzwe isi nano luminescent, ibikoresho bidasanzwe bya nano catalitiki yisi, ibikoresho bidasanzwe bya nano magnetiki,nano cerium oxydeultraviolet ikingira ibikoresho, nibindi bikoresho bya nano.
No.1Ntibisanzwe isi nano luminescent ibikoresho
01. Ntibisanzwe isi organic-inorganic hybrid luminescent nanomaterial
Ibikoresho bikomatanya bihuza ibice bitandukanye bikora kurwego rwa molekile kugirango bigere kubikorwa byuzuzanya kandi byiza.Ibikoresho bya organic organique organique bifite imikorere yibigize organic na organic organique, byerekana ihame ryimashini, ihindagurika, ihindagurika ryumuriro hamwe nibikorwa byiza.
Ntibisanzweibigo bifite ibyiza byinshi, nkibara ryinshi ryera, ubuzima burebure bwa reta ishimishije, umusaruro mwinshi wa kwant, hamwe numurongo ukungahaye cyane.Zikoreshwa cyane mubice byinshi, nko kwerekana, amplificateur ya optique ya optique, lazeri-ikomeye, biomarker, hamwe no kurwanya impimbano.Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, ifoto yumuriro muke hamwe nubushobozi buke bwimiterere yisi idasanzwe bibangamira cyane kuyikoresha no kuyiteza imbere.Gukomatanya isi idasanzwe hamwe na matrica matricique hamwe nuburyo bwiza bwubukanishi no gutuza nuburyo bwiza bwo kuzamura imiterere ya luminescent yibintu bidasanzwe byisi.
Kuva iterambere ryisi idasanzwe kama organic organic organique Hybrid, imigendekere yiterambere ryabo irerekana ibi bikurikira:
Material Ibikoresho bivangwa nuburyo bwa doping chimique bifite ibice bihamye bikora, umubare munini wa doping hamwe no gukwirakwiza ibice;
Guhindura kuva mubikoresho bimwe bikoreshwa mubikoresho byinshi, guteza imbere ibikoresho byinshi kugirango ibyifuzo byabo biguke;
Matrix iratandukanye, kuva cyane cyane silika kugeza kuri substrate zitandukanye nka dioxyde de titanium, polymers organic, ibumba, namazi ya ionic.
02. Umweru LED yera isi idasanzwe luminescent
Ugereranije nubuhanga bugezweho bwo kumurika, ibicuruzwa bitanga amatara nka semiconductor ibicuruzwa nka diode itanga urumuri (LEDs) bifite ibyiza nkigihe kirekire cyumurimo wa serivisi, gukoresha ingufu nke, gukora neza cyane, mercure yubusa, UV yubusa, nigikorwa gihamye.Bafatwa nk "isoko ya kane yumucyo" nyuma yamatara yaka, amatara ya fluorescent, namatara asohora ingufu nyinshi (HIDs).
LED yera igizwe na chip, substrate, fosifore, nabashoferi.Ifu idasanzwe ya fluorescent ifata uruhare runini mumikorere ya LED yera.Mu myaka yashize, ibikorwa byinshi byubushakashatsi byakozwe kuri fosifore yera ya LED kandi hari intambwe ishimishije imaze guterwa:
① Gutezimbere ubwoko bushya bwa fosifori bushimishijwe nubururu LED (460m) bwakoze ubushakashatsi bwa doping no guhindura kuri YAO2Ce (YAG: Ce) bukoreshwa muri chip yubururu LED kugirango butezimbere urumuri no gutanga amabara;
② Iterambere ryifu ya fluorescent ishimishijwe numucyo ultraviolet (400m) cyangwa urumuri ultraviolet (360mm) yize muburyo bwimiterere yibigize, imiterere, nibiranga ibiranga ifu ya fluorescent itukura nicyatsi kibisi, hamwe nibipimo bitandukanye byifu ya fluorescent kubona LED yera ifite ubushyuhe butandukanye bwamabara;
③ Ibindi bikorwa byakozwe ku bibazo by’ibanze bya siyansi mu gihe cyo gutegura ifu ya fluorescent, nk’ingaruka z’imyiteguro y’amazi, kugira ngo ifu ya fluorescent ireme kandi ihamye.
Byongeye kandi, urumuri rwera LED ahanini rwifashisha uburyo bwo gupakira ifu ya fluorescent na silicone.Bitewe nubushyuhe buke bwumuriro wifu ya fluorescent, igikoresho kizashyuha kubera igihe kinini cyakazi, biganisha ku gusaza kwa silicone no kugabanya igihe cyibikoresho bya serivisi.Iki kibazo kirakomeye cyane mumatara maremare yumucyo LED.Gupakira kure nuburyo bumwe bwo gukemura iki kibazo muguhuza ifu ya fluorescent kuri substrate no kuyitandukanya nisoko yubururu LED yubururu, bityo bikagabanya ingaruka zubushyuhe butangwa na chip kumikorere ya luminescent yifu ya fluorescent.Niba ubutaka budasanzwe bwa fluorescent ceramics bufite ibiranga ubushyuhe bwumuriro mwinshi, kurwanya ruswa nyinshi, guhagarara neza, hamwe nibikorwa byiza bya optique, birashobora guhuza neza ibisabwa byingufu za LED zifite ingufu nyinshi zifite ingufu nyinshi.Ifu ya Micro nano ifite ibikorwa byinshi byo gucumura no gutatanya cyane byabaye ikintu cyingenzi gisabwa kugirango hategurwe umucyo mwinshi cyane isi idasanzwe ya optique ikora ceramics hamwe nibikorwa byiza bya optique.
03. Ntibisanzwe isi upconversion luminescent nanomaterial
Upconversion luminescence nubwoko bwihariye bwibikorwa bya luminescence birangwa no kwinjiza fotone nyinshi zifite ingufu nkeya nibikoresho bya luminescent hamwe no kubyara ingufu za fotone nyinshi.Ugereranije na molekile irangi gakondo cyangwa utudomo twa kwant, isi idasanzwe yo hejuru ya luminescent nanomaterial ifite ibyiza byinshi nko guhinduranya nini ya anti Stoke, guhinduranya imyuka ihumanya ikirere, umutekano muke, uburozi buke, ubujyakuzimu bwinjira cyane, hamwe no kwivanga kwa fluorescence.Bafite ibyifuzo byinshi byo gukoresha murwego rwibinyabuzima.
Mu myaka yashize, isi idasanzwe idasanzwe luminescent nanomaterial yateye intambwe igaragara muri synthesis, guhindura isura, imikorere yubuso, hamwe nibinyabuzima bikoreshwa.Abantu batezimbere imikorere ya luminescence yibikoresho mugutezimbere ibihimbano byabo, imiterere yicyiciro, ingano, nibindi kuri nanoscale, no guhuza imiterere / shell kugirango bagabanye ikigo kizimya luminescence, kugirango bongere amahirwe yinzibacyuho.Muguhindura imiti, shiraho ikorana buhanga hamwe na biocompatibilité nziza kugirango ugabanye uburozi, kandi utezimbere uburyo bwo gufata amashusho ya upconversion luminescent selile nzima no muri vivo;Gutezimbere uburyo bwiza kandi bwizewe bwibinyabuzima bushingiye kubikenewe muburyo butandukanye (selile selile selile selile, mumashusho ya vivo fluorescence, kuvura Photodynamic therapy, therapy Photothermal therapy, imiti igenzura ifoto, nibindi).
Ubu bushakashatsi bufite imbaraga nyinshi zo gukoresha n’inyungu mu bukungu, kandi bufite akamaro gakomeye mu bumenyi mu iterambere rya nanomedicine, guteza imbere ubuzima bw’abantu, n’iterambere ry’imibereho.
No.2 Ntibisanzwe isi nano ibikoresho bya magneti
Ni gake cyane ibikoresho bya magneti bihoraho byanyuze mubyiciro bitatu byiterambere: SmCo5, Sm2Co7, na Nd2Fe14B.Nka porojeri ya NdFeB yazimye vuba kubikoresho bya magneti bihoraho, ingano yintete kuva kuri 20nm kugeza kuri 50nm, bigatuma iba isanzwe ya nanocrystalline yisi idasanzwe yibikoresho bya rukuruzi.
Ntibisanzwe isi nanomagnetic ibikoresho bifite ibiranga ubunini buto, imiterere imwe ya domaine, hamwe nubusumbane bukabije.Gukoresha ibikoresho bya magnetiki bifata amajwi birashobora kunoza igipimo cyerekana urusaku nubwiza bwibishusho.Bitewe nubunini bwacyo kandi byizewe cyane, ikoreshwa muri sisitemu ya moteri nicyerekezo cyingenzi mugutezimbere igisekuru gishya cyindege, icyogajuru, na moteri yinyanja.Kububiko bwa magnetique, fluid magnetic, ibikoresho bya Magneto Resistance ibikoresho, imikorere irashobora kunozwa cyane, bigatuma ibikoresho bihinduka imikorere-minini na miniaturize.
No.3Ntibisanzwe isi nanoibikoresho bya catalitiki
Ntibisanzwe isi ya catalitiki ikubiyemo ibintu hafi ya byose bya catalitiki.Bitewe nubuso, ingaruka zingana, hamwe nubunini bwa kwant, isi idasanzwe ya nanotehnologiya yagiye ikurura abantu.Mubintu byinshi bivura imiti, ikoreshwa ryisi idasanzwe.Niba isi idasanzwe nanocatalysis ikoreshwa, ibikorwa bya catalitiki nibikorwa bizanozwa cyane.
Ntibisanzwe isi nanocatalysis ikoreshwa mubikomoka kuri peteroli ya catalitike no gutunganya isuku yimodoka.Bikunze gukoreshwa cyane isi idasanzwe nanocatalytic niCeO2naLa2O3, irashobora gukoreshwa nka catalizator hamwe nabateza imbere, kimwe nabatwara catalizator.
No.4Nano cerium oxydeultraviolet ikingira ibikoresho
Nano cerium oxyde izwi nkigisekuru cya gatatu ultraviolet isolation agent, hamwe ningaruka nziza yo kwigunga no kwanduza cyane.Mu kwisiga, ibikorwa bya catalitiki ntoya nano ceria igomba gukoreshwa nka UV itandukanya.Kubwibyo, kwitondera isoko no kumenyekanisha ibikoresho bya nano cerium oxyde ultraviolet ikingira ni byinshi.Iterambere rihoraho ryuzuzanya ryumuzunguruko risaba ibikoresho bishya kubikorwa byo guhuza imiyoboro ya chip.Ibikoresho bishya bifite byinshi bisabwa kugirango bisukure amazi, hamwe na semiconductor idasanzwe yisi isukuye isi igomba kuba yujuje iki cyifuzo, hamwe nihuta ryihuta hamwe nubunini buke.Nano ibikoresho bidasanzwe byo gutunganya isi bifite isoko ryagutse.
Ubwiyongere bukabije bw’imodoka bwateje umwanda ukabije w’ikirere, kandi hashyirwaho catalizike y’isuku y’imodoka nuburyo bwiza cyane bwo kurwanya umwanda.Nano cerium zirconium composite oxyde igira uruhare runini mukuzamura ireme rya gaz umurizo.
No.5 Ibindi bikoresho bikora nano
01. Ntibisanzwe isi nano ceramic ibikoresho
Ifu ya nano ceramic irashobora kugabanya cyane ubushyuhe bwo gucumura, buri munsi ya 200 ℃ ~ 300 ℃ munsi ugereranije nifu ya nano ceramic ifu ifite ibice bimwe.Ongeramo nano CeO2 mububumbyi bushobora kugabanya ubushyuhe bwo gucumura, kubuza imikurire ya lattice, no kunoza ubucucike bwibumba.Ongeraho ibintu bidasanzwe byisi nkaY2O3, CeO2, or La2O3 to ZrO2Irashobora gukumira ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwo guhinduka no kwinjiza ZrO2, no kubona icyiciro cya ZrO2 guhindura ibintu byubaka ceramic ibikoresho byubatswe.
Ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki (ibyuma bya elegitoroniki, ibikoresho bya PTC, ibikoresho bya microwave, capacator, thermistors, nibindi) byateguwe ukoresheje ultrafine cyangwa nanoscale CeO2, Y2O3,Nd2O3, Sm2O3, nibindi byateje imbere amashanyarazi, ubushyuhe, nubutunzi.
Ongeraho isi idasanzwe ikora fotokatalitike yibikoresho bya glaze irashobora gutegura isi idasanzwe ya antibacterial ceramics.
02. Ntibisanzwe isi nano yoroheje ibikoresho bya firime
Hamwe niterambere ryubumenyi nikoranabuhanga, ibisabwa mubicuruzwa bigenda birushaho gukomera, bisaba ultra-nziza, ultra-thin, ubucucike bukabije, hamwe no kuzuza ibicuruzwa.Kugeza ubu, hari ibyiciro bitatu byingenzi byamafirime adasanzwe yisi nano yatejwe imbere: isi idasanzwe ya nano firime nano, isi idasanzwe ya oxide nano firime, na firime zidasanzwe nano alloy.Filime zidasanzwe nano nazo zigira uruhare runini mubikorwa byamakuru, catalizike, ingufu, ubwikorezi, nubuvuzi bwubuzima.
Umwanzuro
Ubushinwa nigihugu kinini mubutunzi budasanzwe bwisi.Iterambere nogukoresha isi idasanzwe nanomaterial nuburyo bushya bwo gukoresha neza umutungo wisi udasanzwe.Kugirango twagure ikoreshwa ryisi idasanzwe kandi dutezimbere iterambere ryibikoresho bishya bikora, hagomba gushyirwaho uburyo bushya bwa teoritiki mu bikoresho kugira ngo buhuze ubushakashatsi bukenewe kuri nanoscale, butume isi idasanzwe ya nanomateriali ikora neza, kandi bigatuma igaragara. y'imitungo mishya n'imikorere birashoboka.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-29-2023