Thulium, element 69 yimbonerahamwe yigihe.
Thulium, ikintu gifite ibintu bike mubintu bidasanzwe byisi, bibana cyane nibindi bintu muri Gadolinite, Xenotime, umukara wa zahabu udasanzwe na monazite.
Thulium na lanthanide ibyuma bibana hafi mumabuye y'agaciro akomeye muri kamere.Bitewe nuburyo bwa elegitoronike busa, imiterere yumubiri na chimique nayo irasa cyane, bigatuma gukuramo no gutandukana bigoye cyane.
Mu 1879, umuhanga mu by'imiti wo muri Suwede Cliff yabonye ko ubwinshi bwa Atomic bwubutaka bwa erbium butahoraho igihe yiga ubutaka bwa erbium busigaye nyuma yo gutandukanya ubutaka bwa ytterbium nubutaka bwa scandium, nuko akomeza gutandukanya ubutaka bwa erbium arangije atandukanya ubutaka bwa erbium, ubutaka bwa holmium na Ubutaka.
Ibyuma bya thulium, ifeza yera, ihindagurika, yoroheje, irashobora gukatishwa icyuma, ifite aho ishonga cyane kandi itetse, ntabwo ishobora kwangirika mu kirere byoroshye, kandi irashobora gukomeza kugaragara nkicyuma igihe kirekire.Bitewe nuburyo budasanzwe bwa elegitoroniki yububiko bwa elegitoronike, imiterere yimiti ya thulium irasa cyane nibindi bikoresho bya lanthanide.Irashobora gushonga muri aside hydrochloric kugirango ibe icyatsi kibisiThulium (III) chloride, kandi ibishashi biterwa nibice byayo byaka mu kirere nabyo birashobora kugaragara kumuziga.
Ibikoresho bya Thulium bifite kandi fluorescence kandi birashobora gusohora fluorescence yubururu munsi yumucyo ultraviolet, ushobora gukoreshwa mugukora ibirango birwanya impimbano kumafaranga yimpapuro.Iradiyo isotope thulium 170 ya thulium nayo nimwe mubintu bine bikoreshwa cyane mumirasire yinganda kandi birashobora gukoreshwa nkibikoresho byo gusuzuma mugukoresha ubuvuzi n amenyo, hamwe nibikoresho byo gutahura inenge kubikoresho bya mashini na elegitoroniki.
Thulium, irashimishije, ni tekinoroji ya thulium laser yo kuvura hamwe na chimie nshya idasanzwe yakozwe kubera imiterere yihariye ya elegitoroniki idasanzwe.
Thulium ikoporora Yttrium aluminium garnet irashobora gusohora laser ifite uburebure bwumuraba hagati ya 1930 ~ 2040 nm.Iyo lazeri yiri tsinda ikoreshejwe mukubaga, amaraso ahakorerwa imirasire azahita yihuta, igikomere cyo kubaga ni gito, kandi hemostasis nibyiza.Kubwibyo, iyi laser ikoreshwa muburyo bwa Minimally invasive progaramu ya prostate cyangwa amaso.Ubu bwoko bwa lazeri bugira igihombo gito mugihe cyohereza mu kirere, kandi burashobora gukoreshwa muburyo bwa kure no gutumanaho neza.Kurugero, Laser rangefinder, coherent Doppler wind radar, nibindi, bizakoresha laser yoherejwe na thulium doped fibre laser.
Thulium ni ubwoko bwihariye bwibyuma mukarere ka f, kandi imiterere yabwo yo gukora inganda hamwe na electron murwego rwa f yashimishije abahanga benshi.Mubisanzwe, ibyuma bya lanthanide birashobora kubyara gusa ibintu bitatu, ariko thulium nikimwe mubintu bike bishobora kubyara ibice.
Mu 1997, Mikhail Bochkalev yatangije ubuhanga bwa chimie bujyanye n’ibintu bidasanzwe bivangwa n’ubutaka mu gukemura, maze asanga iyode ihwanye na Thulium (III) ishobora guhinduka buhoro buhoro igasubira muri ioni ya tuliyumu yumuhondo mu bihe bimwe na bimwe.Ukoresheje ibi biranga, thulium irashobora kuba ikintu cyiza cyo kugabanya imiti ya chimique kama kandi ifite ubushobozi bwo gutegura ibice byibyuma bifite imiterere yihariye kumurima wingenzi nkingufu zishobora kongera ingufu, tekinoroji ya magneti, hamwe no gutunganya imyanda ya kirimbuzi.Muguhitamo ligands ikwiye, thulium irashobora kandi guhindura ubushobozi busanzwe bwibyuma redox byombi.Iyode ya Samarium (II) hamwe nuruvange rwayo byashongeshejwe mumashanyarazi nka tetrahydrofuran bimaze imyaka 50 bikoreshwa naba chimiste kama mumyaka 50 kugirango bigabanye reaction imwe yo kugabanya electron kumurongo wimiryango ikora.Thulium nayo ifite imiterere isa, kandi ubushobozi bwa ligand bwo kugenzura ibyuma kama kama biratangaje.Gukoresha imiterere ya geometrike hamwe no kuzenguruka kwa complexe birashobora kugira ingaruka kuri redox ebyiri.Nyamara, nkibintu bidakunze kubaho kwisi, igiciro kinini cya thulium kibuza by'agateganyo kubuza gusimbuza samariyumu, ariko iracyafite amahirwe menshi muri chimie nshya idasanzwe.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-01-2023