Praseodymium oxide,caanaha molecularPr6O11, Miisaanka kelli 1021.44.
Waxa loo isticmaali karaa dhalada, biraha, iyo sidii wax lagu daro budada fluorescent. Praseodymium oxide waa mid ka mid ah alaabta muhiimka ah ee iftiinkaalaabta dhulka dhif ah.
Sababo la xiriira sifooyinka gaarka ah ee jireed iyo kiimiko, waxaa si weyn loogu isticmaalay beeraha sida dhoobada, galaaska, birlabyada dhulka naadirka ah ee joogtada ah, kicinta dhulku naadirka ah, budada dhalaalaysa dhulka dhifka ah, alaabta wax lagu shiido, iyo waxyaabaha lagu daro, oo leh rajooyin rajo leh.
Laga soo bilaabo 1990-meeyadii, tignoolajiyada wax soo saarka Shiinaha iyo qalabka praseodymium oxide ayaa sameeyay horumar iyo horumar la taaban karo, iyadoo kobac wax soo saar iyo wax soo saar degdeg ah. Ma aha oo kaliya inay buuxin karto mugga codsiga gudaha iyo shuruudaha suuqa, laakiin sidoo kale waxaa jira xaddi badan oo dhoofin ah. Sidaa darteed, tignoolajiyada wax soo saarka Shiinaha ee hadda, wax soo saarka iyo soosaarka praseodymium oxide, iyo sidoo kale baahida loo qabo sahayda suuqyada gudaha iyo dibedda, ayaa ka mid ah kuwa ugu sarreeya isla warshadaha adduunka.
Guryaha
Budada madow, cufnaanta 6.88g/cm3, barta dhalaalka 2042 ℃, barta karkarinta 3760 ℃. Aan ku milmin biyaha, ku milma asiidhyada si ay u sameeyaan cusbo trivalent. Dhaqdhaqaaq wanaagsan.
Synthesis
1. Habka kala soocida kiimikada. Waxa ka mid ah habka kristalisaynta jajabka, habka roobka jajabka iyo habka oksaydhka. Kan hore waa la kala soocay iyadoo lagu salaynayo faraqa milanka crystal ee nitrate-yada dhulka naadir ah. Kala soociddu waxay ku salaysan tahay badeecadaha mugga roobka ee kala duwan ee milixda adag ee sulfate-ka dhulka naadir. Midda dambe waa la kala soocay iyadoo lagu salaynayo oksaydhka trivalent Pr3+ ilaa tetravalent Pr4+. Saddexdan hab laguma dabaqin wax soo saarka warshadaha sababta oo ah heerka soo kabashada dhulka naadir ee hooseeya, hababka adag, hawlgallada adag, wax soo saarka hooseeya, iyo kharashyada sare.
2. Habka kala saarida. Oo ay ku jiraan habka kala soocida kakanaanta soo saarista iyo saponification P-507 habka kala soocida. Kii hore waxa uu isticmaalaa Extrusion DYPA iyo N-263 soosaarayaal si loo soo saaro loogana sooco praseodymium nidaamka nitric acid ee kobcinta praseodymium neodymium, taasoo keentay Pr6O11 99% dhalid ah 98%. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, sababtoo ah habka adag, isticmaalka sare ee wakiilada kakan, iyo kharashka alaabta sare, looma isticmaalin wax soo saarka warshadaha. Labada dambe waxay leeyihiin soosaar wanaagsan iyo kala soocida praseodymium oo leh P-507, kuwaas oo labadaba lagu dabaqay wax soo saarka warshadaha. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, sababtoo ah waxtarka sare ee P-507 soo saarista praseodymium iyo heerka luminta sare ee P-204, P-507 soo saarista iyo habka kala soocida ayaa hadda caadi ahaan loo isticmaalaa wax soo saarka warshadaha.
3. Habka sarrifka ion waa dhif in loo isticmaalo wax soo saarka ay sabab u tahay geeddi-socod dheer, hawlgalka dhib, iyo dhalidda hooseeya, laakiin daahirsanaanta alaabta Pr6O11 ≥ 99 5%, dhalid ≥ 85%, iyo wax soo saarka halkii unit ee qalabku waa mid aad u hooseeya.
1) Soo saarista alaabada oksijiinta ee praseodymium iyadoo la adeegsanayo habka is-dhaafsiga ion: iyadoo la adeegsanayo praseodymium neodymium xeryahooda kobcin (Pr, Nd) 2Cl3 sida alaabta ceeriin. Waxaa loo diyaariyey xal quudin ah (Pr, Nd) Cl3 waxaana lagu shubaa tiir xayeysiis ah si loo geliyo dhulyo dhif ah oo buuxa. Marka fiirsashada xalka quudinta soo gelaya ay la mid tahay diiradda soo baxaysa, xayeysiinta dhulalka dhifka ah waa la dhammeeyaa oo la sugayaa habka soo socda si loo isticmaalo. Ka dib markii la raro tiirka cationic resin, CuSO4-H2SO4 waxaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu shubo tiirka si loogu diyaariyo cu H + tiirka kala soocida dhulka ee isticmaalka. Ka dib marka la isku xiro hal tiir oo xayeysiis ah iyo saddex tiir oo kala soocis ah oo isdaba-joog ah, isticmaal EDT A (0 015M) Ka soo qulqulaya galitaanka tiirka xayeysiiska ugu horreeya ee kala-soocidda (heerka leaching 1 2cm/min) Tiirka saddexaad ee kala-soocidda inta lagu jiro kala-soocidda leaching, waxaa lagu soo ururin karaa aqbale iyo kiimiko lagu daaweeyaa si loo helo Nd2O3 byproduct Ka dib markii neodymium ee tiirka kala-soocidda la kala saaro, xal PrCl3 saafi ah ayaa lagu soo ururiyaa meesha laga soo baxo tiirka kala-soocidda waxaana lagu sameeyaa daaweynta kiimikada. si loo soo saaro badeecada Pr6O11 Habka ugu muhiimsan waa sida soo socota: alaabta ceeriin → diyaarinta xalka quudinta → adsorption of earth naadir on column adsorption → isku xirka tiirka kala soocida → kala-soocidda leaching → ururinta xal praseodymium saafi ah → oxalic acid → ogaanshaha → baakadaha.
2) Soo saarista alaabada oksaydhka ee praseodymium iyadoo la adeegsanayo habka soo saarista P-204: iyadoo la isticmaalayo lanthanum cerium praseodymium chloride (La, Ce, Pr) Cl3 sida alaabta ceeriin. Isku qas walxaha ceeriin dareere, saponify P-204, oo ku dar kerosene si aad u samayso xal soosaar. Kala sooc dareeraha quudinta ee praseodymium-ka la soo saaray ee haanta caddaynta isku dhafan. Dabadeed ku dhaq wasakhaha ku jira wajiga organic, oo isticmaal HCl si aad u soo saarto praseodymium si aad u hesho xal PrCl3 saafi ah. Ku da'o oxalic acid, calcine, iyo baakad si aad u hesho alaabta praseodymium oxide. Habka ugu muhiimsan waa sida soo socota: alaabta ceeriin → diyaarinta xalka quudinta → P-204 soo saarista praseodymium → dhaqidda → ka-saarista aashitada hoose ee praseodymium → saafiga PrCl3 xal → roobka oxalic acid → calcination → tijaabinta → baakadaha ( alaabta praseodymium oxide ).
3) Soo saarista alaabada oksijiinta ee praseodymium iyadoo la adeegsanayo habka soo saarista P507: Isticmaalka cerium praseodymium chloride (Ce, Pr) Cl3 laga helay koonfurta ionic naadirka dhulka ayaa xooga saaray sidii alaabta ceeriin (REO ≥ 45%, praseodymium oxide ≥ 75%). Ka dib marka la soo saaro praseodymium oo leh xalka quudinta diyaarsan iyo soosaariyaha P507 ee haanta soo saarista, wasakhda ku jirta wajiga organic waxaa lagu dhaqaa HCl. Ugu dambeyntii, praseodymium ayaa dib loogu soo saaray HCl si loo helo xal PrCl3 saafi ah. Roobabka praseodymium ee leh oxalic acid, calcination, iyo baakooyinka ayaa soo saara alaabta praseodymium oxide. Habka ugu muhiimsan waa sida soo socota: alaabta ceeriin → diyaarinta xalka quudinta → soo saarista praseodymium oo leh P-507 → nadiifinta nadiifinta → soo saarista praseodymium → saafiga PrCl3 → roobka oxalic acid → calcination → ogaanshaha → baakadaha (proseodymium oxide alaabta).
4) Soo saarista alaabada oksijiinta ee praseodymium iyadoo la adeegsanayo habka soo saarista P507: Lanthanum praseodymium chloride (Cl, Pr) Cl3 laga helay farsamaynta dhulka dhifka ah ee Sichuan waxaa loo isticmaalaa sida alaabta ceeriin (REO ≥ 45%, praseodymium oxide 8.05%), waana loo diyaariyey dareere quudin. Praseodymium waxaa lagu soo saaraa saponified P507 wakiilka soo saarista oo ku jira haanta soo saarista, iyo wasakhda ku jirta wajiga organic waxaa saaraya HCl. Kadib, HCl waxaa loo isticmaalay soo saarista praseodymium si loo helo xal PrCl3 saafi ah. Alaabooyinka oksijiinta ee Praseodymium waxaa lagu helaa iyadoo lagu soo shubo praseodymium oo leh oxalic acid, calcining, iyo baakad. Habka ugu muhiimsan waa: alaabta ceeriin → xalinta walxaha → P-507 saarista praseodymium → nadiifinta wasakhaysan → soo saarista praseodymium → saafiga PrCl3 xal → roobka oxalic acid → calcination → tijaabinta → baakadaha ( alaabta praseodymium oxide ).
Waqtigan xaadirka ah, tignoolajiyada ugu weyn ee soo saarista alaabada oxide praseodymium ee Shiinaha waa habka soo saarista P507 iyadoo la adeegsanayo nidaamka hydrochloric acid, kaas oo si weyn loogu adeegsaday soosaarka warshadaha ee oxides-ka dhifka ah ee shaqsiyadeed ee kala duwan wuxuuna noqday tignoolajiyada wax soo saarka horumarsan ee isku mid ah. warshadaha adduunka oo dhan, oo ka mid ah kuwa ugu sarreeya.
Codsiga
1. Codsiga muraayadda dhulka naadir ah
Kadib marka lagu daro oksaydhyada dhulka naadirka ah ee qaybaha kala duwan ee galaaska, midabada kala duwan ee muraayadaha dhulka naadirka ah ayaa la samayn karaa, sida muraayadaha cagaaran, muraayada laser, magneto optical, iyo fiber optic glass, codsiyadoodana way sii kordhayaan maalinba maalinta ka dambeysa. Ka dib marka lagu daro praseodymium oxide muraayadda, muraayad midab cagaaran ah ayaa la samayn karaa, kaas oo leh qiimo farshaxan oo tayo sare leh oo sidoo kale ku dayan kara dhagaxyada dhagaxa ah. Muraayada noocaan ah waxay u egtahay cagaar marka ay soo baxdo iftiinka cadceedda caadiga ah, halka ay ku dhowdahay midab la'aan hoostii shumaca. Sidaa darteed, waxaa loo isticmaali karaa in lagu sameeyo dhagaxyo been abuur ah iyo qurxinta qaaliga ah, oo leh midabyo soo jiidasho leh iyo tayo qurxoon.
2. Codsiga ceramics dhulka dhif ah
Okssaydhyada dhulka naadirka ah waxa loo isticmaali karaa wax lagu daro dhoobada si loo sameeyo dhoobada naadirka ah ee dhulka oo leh waxqabad wanaagsan. Ceramics-ka naadirka ah ee dhoobada ah ayaa ka mid ah kuwa metelaya. Waxay isticmaashaa alaab cayriin ah oo si heer sare ah loo soo doortay waxayna si fudud u qabataa hababka xakamaynta iyo farsamooyinka farsamaynta, taas oo si sax ah u xakameyn karta halabuurka dhoobada. Waxa loo qaybin karaa laba nooc: dhoobada shaqaynaysa iyo ceramics qaab-dhismeed heerkul sare ah. Ka dib marka lagu daro oksaydhyada dhulka naadir ah, waxay hagaajin karaan sintering, cufnaanta, qaab-dhismeedka yar yar, iyo qaabka wejiga ee dhoobada si ay u buuxiyaan shuruudaha codsiyada kala duwan. glaze dhoobada ah oo ka samaysan praseodymium oxide sida midabaynta ma saameynayso jawiga gudaha foornada, waxay leedahay muuqaal midab deggan, dusha dhalaalaysa dhalaalaya, waxay hagaajin kartaa sifooyinka jirka iyo kiimikooyinka, hagaajinta xasilloonida kuleylka iyo tayada dhoobada, kordhinta midabada kala duwan, kharashkana la dhimo. Ka dib marka lagu daro praseodymium oxide midabada dhoobada iyo dhaldhalaalka, dhul dhif ah praseodymium huruud ah, praseodymium cagaaran, midabka cas hoostiisa iyo glaze rooxaan cad, glaze fool maroodi, dhoobo cagaaran tufaax, iwm waa la soo saari karaa. Noocaan farshaxanimada ah ayaa leh waxtar sare oo si fiican loo dhoofiyo, kaas oo caan ku ah dibadda. Marka loo eego tirakoobyada la xiriira, adeegsiga caalamiga ah ee praseodymium neodymium ee dhoobada ayaa ka badan kun tan, sidoo kale waa isticmaale weyn oo ah praseodymium oxide. Waxa la filayaa in mustaqbalka uu horumar balaadhan ka dhalan doono.
3. Codsiga birlabyada dhulka dhifka ah ee joogtada ah
Alaabta tamarta magnetic ugu badnaan (BH) ee (Pr, Sm) Co5 magnet joogto ah m=27MG θ e (216K J/m3).iyo (BH) m ee PrFeB waa 40MG θ E (320K J/m3). Sidaa darteed, isticmaalka Pr wuxuu soo saaray birlab joogto ah wali wuxuu leeyahay codsiyo suurtagal ah labadaba warshadaha iyo warshadaha madaniga ah.
4. Codsiga beeraha kale si loo sameeyo corundum shiidi giraangiraha.
Iyada oo ku saleysan corundum cad, ku darida qiyaastii 0.25% praseodymium neodymium oxide waxay samayn kartaa giraangiraha dhulka ee naadirka ah ee corundum, si weyn u wanaajinaya wax qabadkooda wax shiididda. Kordhi heerka shiididda 30% ilaa 100%, oo laba jibaar nolosha adeegga. Praseodymium oxide waxay leedahay sifooyin dhalaalaya oo wanaagsan oo loogu talagalay maaddooyinka qaarkood, sidaas darteed waxaa loo isticmaali karaa sidii walaxda sifaynta hawlaha. Waxay ka kooban tahay 7.5% praseodymium oxide oo ku jira budada polishing ee ku salaysan cerium waxaana inta badan loo isticmaalaa sifaynta muraayadaha indhaha, alaabada birta ah, galaas fidsan, iyo tuubooyinka telefishinka. Saamaynta dhogorta ayaa wanaagsan, mugga codsiguna waa weyn yahay, kaas oo noqday budada polishing ee ugu weyn ee Shiinaha hadda. Intaa waxaa dheer, codsiga ee kicinta dildilaaca batroolka hagaajin karaa dhaqdhaqaaqa catalytic, iyo waxaa loo isticmaali karaa sida lagu daro for steelmaking, nadiifinta birta dhalaalaysa, iwm. Marka la soo koobo, codsiga praseodymium oxide si joogto ah u ballaariyo, iyadoo in ka badan loo isticmaalo xaalad isku dhafan ka sokow. hal nooc oo ah praseodymium oxide. Waxaa la qiyaasayaa in isbeddelkani uu sii socon doono mustaqbalka.
Waqtiga boostada: Meey-26-2023