Saynis yahanadu waxa ay samaysteen madal ay ku ururiyaan qaybaha walxaha nanosized, ama "nano-objects," oo ah noocyo aad u kala duwan - aan organic ama organic -- qaab-dhismeedka 3-D ee la doonayo. In kasta oo is-ururinta (SA) si guul leh loogu isticmaalay habaynta nanomaterials noocyo kala duwan ah, geeddi-socodku waxa uu ahaa nidaam gaar ah, oo soo saaray qaab-dhismeedyo kala duwan oo ku salaysan sifooyinka asaasiga ah ee alaabta. Sida lagu sheegay warqad maanta lagu daabacay Qalabka Dabiiciga ah, madalkooda cusub ee DNA-programmable nanofabrication ayaa lagu dabaqi karaa si ay u habeeyaan noocyo kala duwan oo agab 3-D ah oo la mid ah siyaabaha loo qoondeeyay nanoscale (billionths of a meter), halkaas oo muuqaal gaar ah, kiimiko ah. iyo hanti kale ayaa soo baxaysa.
"Mid ka mid ah sababaha ugu waaweyn ee sababta SA aysan ahayn farsamada doorashada ee codsiyada la taaban karo ayaa ah in isla nidaamka SA aan lagu dabaqi karin agabyo kala duwan si loo abuuro 3-D isku mid ah oo laga dalbaday nanocomponents kala duwan," ayuu yiri qoraaga Oleg Gang. , Hogaamiyaha Kooxda Soft iyo Bio Nanomaterials ee Xarunta Nanomaterials Functional (CFN) - Waaxda Tamarta ee Maraykanka (DOE) Xafiiska Adeegga Sayniska ee Brookhaven National Laboratory -- iyo borofisar ku takhasusay injineernimada kiimikada iyo fiisigiska la dabaqay iyo Sayniska Qalabka ee Columbia Engineering. "Halkan, waxaan ka soo saarnay geeddi-socodkii SA ee alaabada maaddooyinka annaga oo naqshadeynayna fiilooyinka DNA-da polyhedral-ka adag kuwaas oo koobi kara walxo kala duwan oo aan dabiici ahayn ama organic nano, oo ay ku jiraan biraha, semiconductors, iyo xitaa borotiinnada iyo enzymes."
Saynis yahanadu waxa ay farsameeyeen qaab-dhismeedyada DNA-da synthetic ee qaabka cube, octahedron, iyo tetrahedron. Gudaha xayndaabyada waxaa ku jira DNA "gacmaha" oo kaliya walxaha nano-ka ee leh taxanaha DNA-da ee dhammaystiran ay ku xidhi karaan. Voxels-ka walxahan -- is-dhexgalka qaabka DNA-da iyo nano-shay -- waa dhismooyinka dhismooyinka laga samayn karo qaab-dhismeedka 3-D macroscale. Fiimyadu way isku xidhan yihiin iyada oo aan loo eegin nooca nano-shayga gudaha ku jira (ama yaanu ahayn) marka loo eego taxanaha is-kaabaya ee lagu dhejiyay geesahooda. Iyada oo ku xidhan qaabkooda, looxyadu waxay leeyihiin tiro geeso kala duwan oo sidaas awgeed waxay sameeyaan qaab-dhismeedyo kala duwan. Shay kasta oo nano-sharaf ah oo lagu martigeliyo fiimyada waxay qaataan qaab-dhismeedkaas gaarka ah.
Si loo caddeeyo habka ay isugu yimaadaan, saynisyahannadu waxay doorteen macdan (dahab) iyo semiconducting (cadmium selenide) nanoparticles iyo borotiinka bakteeriyada (streptavidin) oo ah walxaha nano-organic iyo organic nano-shay si loogu dhejiyo gudaha DNA-da. Marka hore, waxay xaqiijiyeen daacadnimada qaab-dhismeedka DNA-da iyo samaynta voxels maaddooyinka iyaga oo sawiraya mikroskoobyada elektarooniga ah ee Xarunta CFN Electron Microscope Facility iyo Machadka Van Andel, kaas oo leh qalab qalab ah oo ka shaqeeya heerkulka cryogenic ee shaybaarada noolaha. Kadibna waxay baareen qaab dhismeedka shabagga 3-D ee Isku-xidhnaanta Adag ee Raajada firdhinta iyo Qalabka Isku-dhafka ah ee firdhinta iftiinka Isha Qaranka ee Synchrotron Light II (NSLS-II) -- Xafiiska DOE ee Xarunta Isticmaalaha Sayniska ee Brookhaven Lab. Columbia Engineering Bykhovsky Professor of Chemical Engineering Sanat Kumar iyo kooxdiisu waxay sameeyeen qaabayn xisaabeed muujinaya in qaab dhismeedka lattice ee tijaabada ah lagu arkay (oo ku salaysan qaababka kala firdhisan ee raajada) ay ahaayeen kuwa ugu xasiloon heerkulbeegyada ay samayn karaan voxels walaxda.
"Voxels maaddooyinkaani waxay noo ogolaanayaan inaan bilowno isticmaalka fikradaha laga soo qaatay atamka (iyo molecules) iyo crystals in ay sameeyaan, iyo dekedda aqoontan ballaaran iyo xogta xogta nidaamyada xiisaha ee nanoscale," ayuu yiri Kumar.
Ardeyda gangaska ee Columbia waxay markaas muujiyeen sida goobta kulanka loogu isticmaali karo abaabulka laba nooc oo agabyo kala duwan leh oo leh hawlo kiimiko iyo muuqaal ah. Hal kiis, waxay wada ururiyeen laba enzymes, iyagoo abuuraya hannaan 3-D ah oo leh cufnaanta baakad sare. In kasta oo enzymes-ku ay kiimikaad ahaan isbeddelin, haddana waxay muujiyeen ilaa afar laab korodhka dhaqdhaqaaqa enzymatic. Kuwan "nanoreactors" waxa loo isticmaali karaa in lagu maareeyo falcelinta cascade oo awood loo yeesho samaynta walxaha kimikalka leh. Muujinta walxaha indhaha, waxay isku qasan laba midab oo kala duwan oo dhibco quantum ah - nanocrystals yar yar oo loo isticmaalo in lagu sameeyo bandhigyo telefishan oo leh midab sare iyo dhalaal. Sawirada lagu qabtay mikroskoob-ka fluorescence ayaa muujiyay in shabagga la sameeyay ay ilaaliyeen nadiifnimada midabka ka hooseeya xadka kala-duwanaanta (wavelong) ee iftiinka; hantidaani waxay u oggolaan kartaa hagaajinta xallinta muhiimka ah ee bandhigyada kala duwan iyo teknoolojiyadda isgaarsiinta indhaha.
"Waxaan u baahanahay inaan dib uga fikirno sida agabka loo samayn karo iyo sida ay u shaqeeyaan," ayuu yiri Gang. "Dib-u-qaabaynta walxaha lagama yaabo in loo baahdo; si fudud u baakaynta agabyada jira siyaabo cusub waxay kor u qaadi kartaa hantidooda. Suurtagal ahaan, madalkeena waxay noqon kartaa tignoolajiyada awood u leh 'ka baxsan wax soo saarka daabacaadda 3-D' si loo xakameeyo agabka miisaan yar oo kala duwan Isticmaalka qaab isku mid ah si aad u sameysid xargaha 3-D laga bilaabo walxaha nano-shay ee fasalada kala duwan, isku-dhafka kuwa haddii kale loo tixgelinayo inaysan socon karin, waxay kicin kartaa nanomanufacturing."
Qalabka ay bixiso DOE/Brookhaven Shaybaadhka Qaranka Xusuusin: Waxa laga yaabaa in loo tafatiro qaabka iyo dhererka.
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