Waxyaabaha Dhulka dhif ahWaxay u qalmi karaan horumarinta tikniyoolajiyadda sare sida tamar cusub iyo agab cusub, waxayna leeyihiin qiime ballaaran oo ku saabsan meelaha ay ka mid yihiin aerospace, difaaca qaran, iyo warshadaha militariga. Natiijooyinka dagaalka casriga ah ayaa muujinaya in hubka dhulka oo dhif ah ay xukumaan goobta dagaalka, faa'iidooyinka teknolojiyada Dhulka ee dhif ah waxay ka dhigan yihiin faa iidooyin tikniyoolajiyadeed oo militari, oo leh kheyraad ayaa la dammaanad qaaday. Sidaa darteed, dhulka dhif ah ayaa sidoo kale noqday ilo istiraatiijiyadeed oo ay adduunka oo dhan adduunka u tartamayaan, oo muhiim u ah istiraatiijiyadaha saqafka ceeriin ah sida dhulka dhif ah ayaa had iyo jeer u kacaya istiraatiijiyadaha qaranka. Yurub, Japan, Mareykanka iyo waddamada kale iyo gobollada ayaa fiiro gaar ah siinaya agabyada muhiimka ah sida dhif ah. Sanadkii 2008, waxaa lagu taxay agabyada Dunida ee dhif ah oo lagu qoray "Istaraatiijiyadda alaabada muhiimka ah ee ay leedahay Waaxda Tamarta Mareykanka; Bilowgii 2010, Midowga Yurub wuxuu ku dhawaaqay samaynta kaydka istiraatiijiyadeed ee dhulka dhif ah; Sanadkii 2007, wasaaradda waxbarashada Japan, sayniska iyo tikniyoolajiyada, iyo sidoo kale wasaaradda dhaqaalaha, warshadaha iyo tikniyoolajiyada, ayaa horeyba u soo jeediyay "Qorshaha Istaraatiijiyadda Qaybta" iyo "Qalabka kale ee birta". Waxay qaateen talaabooyin isdaba joog ah iyo siyaasado ku saabsan kaydka kheyraadka, horumarka teknolojiyada, helitaanka kheyraadka, iyo raadinta qalabka kale. Laga soo bilaabo maqaalkan, tifaftiraha ayaa si faahfaahsan u soo bandhigi doona faahfaahinta muhiimka ah iyo xitaa hawlgallada horumarinta taariikhiga ah ee lama-yaqaannada ah iyo doorarka qaybahaan dhulka dhif ah.
Teoolom Waxay ka tirsan tahay nooca dhulka culus ee culus, oo leh tiro badan oo ku yaal qolofka dhulka oo keliya 1.1 ppm.Terbium okideXisaabaadka wax ka yar 0.01% oo ah wadarta guud ee dhulka dhif ah. Xitaa ee ku jirta nooca ion ee sare ee dhulka culus ee dhulka dushiisa oo leh waxa ugu sareeya ee ku jira Terbium, waxa ku jira Terbium-ka kaliya ee ay tahay 1.1-1.2% wadarta guud ee dhulka, oo muujinaya in ay ka tirsan tahay qeybta "sharafta leh" ee qaybaha dhulka dhifka ah. Terbium waa bir bir ah oo bir ah oo leh qafis iyo qaab jilicsan oo jilicsan, kaas oo lagu gooyn karo mindi; Meel yar oo dhalaalaya 1360 ℃, karkaraya Point 3123 ℃, cufnaanta 8229 4kg / m3. In ka badan 100 sano tan iyo markii la helay Terbium ee 1843, yaraanta iyo qiimaheeda ayaa ka horjoogsaday codsigiisa wax ku oolka ah muddo dheer. Waxay tahay oo keliya 30-kii sano ee la soo dhaafay in Terbium uu muujiyey kartideeda gaarka ah.
Helitaanka Terbium
Isla muddadaasLanthanumWaxaa la helay, Karl G. Mosan oo reer Sweden ah ayaa falanqayn jiray markii markii hore la helayytriumOo waxaa la daabacay warbixintii 1842, taas oo caddeynaysa in markii hore la ogaadey Yttarium Dhulka ma ahayn hal saldhig oo oxide ah, laakiin okside of saddex qaybood. Sanadkii 1843, Mossonder wuxuu ogaadey in loo yaqaan 'Terbium' iyada oo loo marayo cilmi-baaris uu ku leeyahay dhulka ytrium. Wali wuxuu u magacaabay mid ka mid ah iyaga ytrium Dhulka iyo mid ka mid aherbium okide. Ma ahayn ilaa 1877 in si rasmi ah loo magacaabay Terbium, iyadoo ay weheliso muuqaalka muuqaalka TB. Magacaabihiisa waxay ka timaadaa isla ishaas oo ah ytrium, oo asal ahaan ka timid tuulada ytterby ee u dhaw Stockholm, Sweden, halkaas oo ah in Yttrium Ore la helay. Helitaanka Terbium iyo laba xubnood oo kale, Lanthanum iyo eryium, ayaa u furay albaabka labaad ee helitaanka cunsuriyada dhulka dhif ah, oo calaamadeynaya marxaladda labaad ee daahfurka. Waxaa markii ugu horreysay oo loo daahiriyey G. Urban 1905.
Muusnander
Codsiga Terbium
CodsigateoolomBadanaa waxay ku lug leedahay beero-farsamo oo sareeya, oo ah cilmiga farsamada gacanta iyo aqoonta dhimirka ee joogtada ah ee goynta-goynta-goynta ah, iyo sidoo kale mashaariicda la taaban karo manfacyada dhaqaale ee la taaban karo, oo leh rajo soo jiidasho leh. Aagagga arjiga ugu weyn waxaa ka mid ah: (1) in loo adeegsado qaabka dhulka dhif ah oo isku dhafan. Tusaale ahaan, waxaa loo istcimaalaa inuu yahay bacrimin isku mid ah oo ah bacriminta xarunta dhulka oo naadir ah kuna quudiso wax lagu daro beeraha. (2) u-hawl-qaade loogu talagalay budada cagaaran saddex budolorescent-ka ee aasaasiga ah. Qalabka casriga ah ee loo yaqaan 'opopoelctonic' Iyo Terbium waa qayb lagama maarmaan ah oo ku saabsan bubo badan oo cagaaran oo cagaaran oo tayo leh. (3) Waxaa loo adeegsaday maadada keydka indhaha ee magneto. Amorphous birta Terbium-ka xarkaha ee birta ah ee loo yaqaan 'alloy' (4) Soosaarista Magto-opreto galaas indhaha ah. Muraayadaha xiisadaha xiisaha leh ee xiisaha leh ee xiisaha leh oo ay ku jiraan Terbium waa qalab muhiim ah oo loogu talagalay waxsoosaarka, ilowyo, iyo wareegga tikniyoolajiyadda laser. (5) Horumarinta iyo horumarka Terbium Dyspromagnetnet Moningnetnet Loctoly (Terfenol) ayaa u furay codsiyo cusub oo loogu talagalay Terbium.
Loogu talagalay beeraha iyo xoolaha
Dhulka dhif ahhagaajin kartaa tayada dalaga oo kordhin kara sicirka sawir-qaadidda ee dhex-dhexaadinta qaarkood. The complexes of terbium have high biological activity, and the ternary complexes of terbium, Tb (Ala) 3BenIm (ClO4) 3-3H2O, have good antibacterial and bactericidal effects on Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, and Escherichia coli, with broad-spectrum antibacterial properties. Daraasadda dhismahaas waxay bixisaa jiho cusub oo cilmi baaris loogu sameeyo dawooyinka bakteeriyada casriga ah.
Loo adeegsaday garoonka luminance
Qalabka casriga ah ee loo yaqaan 'opopoelctonic' Iyo Terbium waa qayb lagama maarmaan ah oo ku saabsan bubo badan oo cagaaran oo cagaaran oo tayo leh. Haddii dhalashada dhif ee budada iftiinka ee midabka casaanka ah ee TV-ga ' Horraantii 1980-yadii, Philips wuxuu hindisay laamihii ugu horreeyay ee keydinta tamarta ee keydinta tamarta ee dunida oo si dhakhso leh u dallacsiiyay adduunka. TB3 + ionku wuxuu ku soo qaadi karaa iftiin cagaaran oo leh mawjad ka mid ah 545nm, oo ku dhawaad dhammaan buwshayaasha cagaaran ee dhulka ku nool waxay u isticmaalaan Terbium inay yihiin wax u guur.
Budada dhalaalaya ee cagaaran ee loo isticmaalo tuubooyinka tuubbada tuubbada ah ee TV-ga Iyada oo la horumariyo telefishanka Sare ee Shaashadda Sare ee Sare ee Qeexitaanka (HDTV), Awoodaha Fluorescent Fluorescent ee Sare ee CRTS sidoo kale waa la horumarinayaa. For example, a hybrid green fluorescent powder has been developed abroad, consisting of Y3 (Al, Ga) 5O12: Tb3+, LaOCl: Tb3+, and Y2SiO5: Tb3+, which have excellent luminescence efficiency at high current density.
Budada raajada ee raajada dhaqameed waa kalsiyum tungstate. Sanadihii 1970-yadii iyo 1980-yadii, budada itaal darrooyinka dhulka ee xasaasiga ah ayaa la sameeyay, sida Terbium Scribium Suldide, Terbium Screens Brominde (ee shaashadda cagaaran), iyo terbium suldium sulfide sulfide sulfide sulfide sulfide sulfide sulfide sulfide sulfide sulfide sulfide sulfide. Marka la barbar dhigo kaalshiyamka Kalsium Thunder, oo ah budada dabka ee dhulka ah waxay yareyn kartaa waqtiga irbad-haynta raajada ee bukaanka 80%, waxay kor u qaadeysaa xalka filimada raajada, oo ku fidsan nolosha tuubooyinka raajada, iyo yareynta tamarta raajada. Terbium sidoo kale waxaa loo isticmaalaa sida u shaqeeya budada ah ee loo yaqaan 'ifaft' oo loogu talagalay shaashadda raajada ee raajada ee raajada, kaasoo si weyn u hagaajin kara dareenka raajada ee sawirrada indhaha, oo si weyn u yareeya qaddarka foomamka ee raajada jirka bini-aadamka (in ka badan 50%).
TeoolomWaxaa sidoo kale loo istcimaalaa u-hawl-qaade ah mid ka mid ah fosfoor-ka cad ee loo yaqaan 'sendphor' ee iftiinka buluugga ah ee nalka cusub ee nalka semiconductor cusub. It can be used to produce terbium aluminum magneto optical crystal phosphors, using blue light emitting diodes as excitation light sources, and the generated fluorescence is mixed with the excitation light to produce pure white light.
Qalabka elektaroonigga ah ee laga sameeyay terbium inta badan waxaa ka mid ah budada iftiinka doofaarka ee zinc sullescent cagaaran oo leh terbium-ka oo ah u-hawlgalayaasha. Hawo-haynta ultraviolet, isku-dhafka dabiiciga ah ee terbium-ka ayaa soo kici kara ifafaynta cagaaran ee adag waxaana loo isticmaali karaa sidii qalab filim oo dhuuban. In kasta oo horumar la taaban karo laga sameeyay daraasadda Dhulka naafunta ah ee adag ee loo yaqaan 'Elektroluminesscent' oo ay ka jirto wax ku ool ah, iyo cilmi baaris ku saabsan filimyada khafiifka ah ee isku-dhafka ah ee ku jira filimada khafiifka ah ee korantada leh ayaa wali qotodheer.
Astaamaha 'Fluorescence' ee Terbium sidoo kale waxaa loo isticmaalaa sida baaritaanka ifaya. Is dhexgalka u dhexeeya EraxAsin Terbium (TB3 +) ee loo yaqaan 'Deox3 +)' iyo Deoxyrribonucleic acid (DNA) ayaa lagu soo bartay iyadoo la adeegsanayo ifafaale iyo nabarro nabarro ah oo ah ifafacation of ofloxacin terbium (TB3 +). Natiijooyinka ayaa muujinaya in Thexexacin TB3 + Baadhitaanku uu sameyn karo jeexdin oo leh molacules DNA, iyo deoxyribonucleic-ka ayaa si weyn kor ugu qaadi kara ifilada athoxacin tb3 +. Iyada oo ku saleysan isbedelkan, deoxyribonucleic waa la go'aamin karaa.
Loogu talagalay magnet-ka magneto
Qalabka leh saameynta Fayadwarka, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan agabyada magneto-opreto, ayaa si weyn loogu isticmaalaa lasers iyo aalado kale oo indhaha ah. Waxaa jira laba nooc oo caan ah oo ah agabyada indhaha ee magneto: critals-ka indhaha ee magneto iyo galaaska indhaha ee magneto. Waxaa ka mid ah, kiristaan magneto-your (sida ytrium bir ah iyo terbium Gallium Garnet) leeyihiin faa'iidooyinka soo noqnoqoshada hawlgalka la isku habeyn karo iyo xasilloonida kuleylka sare, laakiin waa dhib badan yihiin soosaarista. Intaas waxaa sii dheer, in badan oo kirismooyin ay magneto-vitate-vitation ah oo leh xagal aad u sareeya ayaa ka nuugista tirada gaaban ee mawjadaha gaagaaban, oo xadidaya isticmaalkooda. Marka la barbardhigo kiridka indhaha ee magneto, dhalada indhaha ee magneto waxay leedahay faa iido badan oo ku saabsan maleega sare, waana fududahay in lagu sameeyo baloogyo waaweyn ama fiber. Waqtigan xaadirka ah, muraayadaha indhaha ee magneto ee leh saameynta xad-dhaafka ah ee xasaasiyadeed badanaa waa muraayadaha indhaha ee dhulka dusheeda.
Loo adeegsaday qalabka kaydinta indhaha ee magneto
Sanadihii la soo dhaafay, oo ay weheliso deg deg ah ee isdhaafsiga xafiiska warbaahinta badan iyo option-ka, baahida loo qabo diskooga cusub ee magnetic-ka-sare ayaa kordhay. Amorphous birta Terbium-ka xarkaha ee birta ah ee loo yaqaan 'alloy' Iyaga dhexdooda, filimka TBFECO ee TBFECO ayaa leh waxqabadka ugu fiican. Agabyada 'Terbium' ee ku saleysan Magnet-ka ee ku saleysan cudurka magneto-oberto waxaa loo soo saaray cabir ballaaran, iyo disks magneto-opatho-ka laga sameeyay iyaga waxaa loo istcimaalaa sida qaybaha wax lagu keydiyo kombiyuutarka, iyada oo awoodda kaydinta ay kordhay 10-15 jeer. Waxay leeyihiin faa'iidooyinka awooda weyn iyo xawaaraha si dhakhso leh, waana la tirtiri karaa oo qasan ku dahaadhkan kumanaan jeer markii loo isticmaalay disks-ka-dhaxalka indhaha ee cufnaanta sare. Iyagu waa agab muhiim ah oo ku saabsan tikniyoolajiyadda kaydinta macluumaadka elektaroonigga ah. Waxyaabaha ugu badan ee loo yaqaan 'magneto-opato-opato' ee xargaha muuqda ee muuqata iyo soo dhoweynta waa Terbium Gasnet
Geeraha indhaha ee magneto
Muraayadaha indhaha ee xiisaha magneto waxaa ku yaal daahfurnaan wanaagsan iyo asitorropy gobollada muuqata iyo xaafadaha, waxayna sameyn karaan qaabab kala duwan oo isku dhafan. Way fududahay in la soo saaro wax soo saarka oo yar-yar waxaana loo soo qaadan karaa fiilo indhaha ah. Sidaa darteed, waxay leedahay rajo ballaaran oo ah aaladaha indhaha ee magneto sida igaagta indhaha ee magneto, modemus opteto opaticators, iyo dareeraha fiber-ka ee optic optic-ga hadda. Waqtigiisa ugu weyn ee magnetic-ka ah iyo ka-hortagga yar ee nabarrada yar yar ee muuqaalka ah ee muuqaalka ah, TB3 + Ions waxay si caadi ah loo isticmaalay kuwa dhifsanaya ion Dunida muraayadaha indhaha ee magneto.
Terbium disspromagnetnet broy
Dhamaadka qarnigii 20aad, oo leh qoto dheer oo sii dheer oo kacaanka adduunka ee kacaanka adduunka, agabyada codsiga Dunida ee cusub ayaa si dhakhso ah u soo ifbaxay. Sannadkii 1984, Jaamacadda Iowa State, Shaybaarka Amees ee Waaxda Tamarta ee Mareykanka, oo ka mid ah shaqaalaha ugu weyn ee loo yaqaan 'Prona Partner' (ET ReMa) oo ay ka shaqaysteen), oo ah Terbium Douglers-ka, oo ah Terbium Dyspromagnetic Mayketuckium. Waxyaabahan caqliga leh ee caqliga leh waxay leeyihiin astaamo heer sare ah oo si dhakhso leh loogu beddelo tamarta korantada tamar farsamo. Ku-meel-gaarka ah ee biyaha hoostiisa iyo qalabka-elektro-acosstrupt ee ka samaysan aaladda weyn ee birtxafkan ayaa si guul leh loogu habeeyay qalabka ciidamada badda, kuwa ku hadla si sadaqooyinka si fiican u ogaanshaha, nidaamka xasaasiga ah iyo nidaamyada kontoroolka iyo nidaamyada isgaarsiinta badda. Sidaa darteed, isla marka ugu dhakhsaha badan ee Terbium Dysprium Dysprosium bir bir ah uu ku dhashay, waxay ku heshay fiiro baahsan oo ka timaada wadamada warshadaha ee adduunka oo dhan. Teknolojiyadda geeska ah ee Mareykanka waxay bilaabeen soo saarista Terbium Dysprium Dysprosium Alaabta Magnet-ka ee Magnetnal Chrostickart Sanadkii 1989, waxaana loo magacaabay Terfenol D.
Taariikhda horumarka ee agabkan ee ku yaal Mareykanka, labadaba abuurka maaddada iyo codsiyada hore ee monopolistic-ka ayaa si toos ah ula xidhiidha warshadaha militariga (sida ciidamada badda). In kasta oo waaxyaha millatariga Shiinaha iyo kuwa difaaca Shiinaha ay si tartiib tartiib ah u xoojinayaan fahamkooda maaddaama. Si kastaba ha noqotee, kor u qaadista weyn ee ku saabsan xoogga qaran ee guud ee Shiinaha, baahida loo qabo in la gaaro istiraatiijiyad ahaan qarnigii 21aad ee tartan rasmi ah iyo heerarka hagaajinta qalabka ayaa xaqiiqdii noqon doona mid degdeg ah. Sidaa darteed, adeegsiga baahsan ee loo yaqaan 'terbium' ee terbium dysprosium bir bir ah abspedbantning abs waaxyada ka baxsan ee waaxyada militariga iyo waaxda gaashaandhigga qaranka waxay noqon doontaa daruuri taariikhi ah.
Marka la soo koobo, dhismayaasha badan ee ugu fiican eeteoolomKa dhig xubin lama huraan ah oo lagama maarmaan ah agabyo badan oo shaqeynaya iyo meel aan la arki karin oo ku yaal meelaha qaarkood. Si kastaba ha noqotee, sababta oo ah qiimaha sare ee Terbium, dadku waxay baran jireen sida looga fogaado loona yareeyo isticmaalka Terbium si loo yareeyo qiimaha wax soo saarka. Tusaale ahaan, agabyada magneto-optical-opaneto-opaneto waa inay sidoo kale adeegsadaan jajabka 'disysprosium bir' bir qiime jaban ama gubal-ka qafiif ah oo loo yaqaan 'gubalt' ama qalliinka wadnaha. Isku day inaad yareyso waxa ku jira Terbium ee budada iftiinka cagaaran ee loo baahan yahay in la isticmaalo. Qiimaha ayaa noqday qodob muhiim ah oo xaddidaya isticmaalka baahsan ee Terbium. Laakiin agab badan oo shaqeeya ayaa sameyn kara iyada la'aanteed, sidaa darteed waa inaan u hogaansanaano mabda'a "annagoo adeegsanayna bir wanaagsan oo ku yaal buundada" oo isku day inaad badbaadiso isticmaalka Terbium intii ugu macquulsan.
Waqtiga Post: Agoosto-07-2023