Thulium, 69 ka mid ah miiska xilliyada.
Thulium, element oo leh waxa ugu yar ee nuxurka qaybaha waaweyn, oo inta badan coxiftes leh xubno kale oo ka mid ah Qalliinka Gadanolite, Xenotime, Madoow, Madoow oo madow ah iyo Monazit.
Thulium iyo caloosha birta ee Lanthanide waxay wadaagaan si dhow uguna caan ku ah oraahyada adag ee dabiiciga ah. Qaab dhismeedka elektiroonigga ah ee aad u badan, dhismahooda jir ahaaneed iyo kiimikada ayaa sidoo kale aad u lamid ah, samaynta soo saarista iyo kala-sooca aad u adag.
Sanadkii 1879, Cilmiga kimistarka iswiidhishka ayaa ogaatay in ciida-atomikada ee ciidda eryitu aysan joogin markii uu soo bartay ciidda curdium ah kadib markii uu u kala baxo ciidda Erbium, si uu ugu kala sooco ciidda Erbium, ciidda Holmium iyo carlium-ka Holmiium iyo carbium carbium iyo carbium carbium.
Thal thalium birta, caddaan qalin, duun, oo jilicsan, ayaa lagu jajabi karaa mindi, waxay si fudud hawada ugu dhigtaa, oo ay ku sii jiri kartaa muuqaalka birta muddo dheer. Sababta oo ah qaab-dhismeedka qolofka elektaroonigga ah ee gaarka loo leeyahay, astaamaha kiimikada ee Thalium waxay aad ugu egyihiin kuwa kale ee xubnaha birta ee Lanthanide. Waxay ku milmi kartaa aashitada hydrochloric si ay u sameeyaan xoogaa cagaar ahThulium (iii) chloride, iyo scurks-ka ay ka dhasheen walxaha ay ku gubtaan hawada ayaa sidoo kale lagu arki karaa giraangiraha.
Xeeruudaha Thulium sidoo kale waxay leeyihiin guryo fallaaro ah oo ay ka soo saari karaan ifafaynta buluuga ah ee iftiinka ultraviolet, kaas oo loo isticmaali karo abuurista sumadaha ka-hortagga-ka-hortagga ee lacagta waraaqaha. Thulium shucaaca ah ee loo yaqaan 'Thulium' Thulium-ka Shulium 170 ee Thulium sidoo kale waa mid ka mid ah afarta ilaha shucaaca ee basasha ee inta badan loo isticmaalo waxaana loo isticmaali karaa aaladaha ogaanshaha ee codsiyada caafimaadka iyo ilkaha, iyo sidoo kale aaladaha ogaanshaha cilladaha ee qaybaha farsamada iyo qalabka elektiroonigga ah.
Thulium, oo ah mid cajiib ah, waa tikniyoolajiyadda daaweynta ee Thulium Laser iyo Chemilery cusub ee la abuuray sababtoo ah qaabkeeda elektiroonigga ah ee gaarka ah.
Thulium Doped aluminium Garnet wuxuu ku soo rogi karaa laser-ka leh mators inta u dhexeysa 1930 ~ 2040 nm. Marka laser ee kooxdan loo isticmaalo qalliinka, dhiiga ku yaal goobta irdhaynta ayaa si dhakhso leh u qalajiya, dhaawaca qalliinka waa yar yahay, oo hemostasisku wuu wanaagsan yahay. Sidaa darteed, laser-kaani waxaa badanaa loo isticmaalaa si loogu habeeyo qalliinka ugu yar ee qanjirka 'prostate' ama indhaha. Laser noocan ah wuxuu leeyahay khasaare hooseeya markii la gudbinayo jawiga, waxaana loo isticmaali karaa dareenka fog fog iyo isgaarsiinta indhaha. Tusaale ahaan, Laser Stagefinder, Doplent Dopler Duulista Radar, iwm.
Thulium waa nooc aad u qaas ah oo bir ah oo ku taal gobolka f, iyo astaamaha ay ku leedahay dhismayaasha qaab dhismeedka leh elektrons ee lakabka f-fi dhagaysay saynisyahano badan. Guud ahaan, walxaha birta lethanide-ka ayaa kaliya abuuri kara xeryahooda oo keliya, laakiin Thulium waa mid ka mid ah qodobada dhawr ah ee abuuri kara xeryahooda liita.
Sanadkii 1997, Mikhail Bochkalev wuxuu hor istaagay in lagu xuso xuubka dhulka ee xalka ah ee xalka, oo ay ku soo laabato hlium-ka yar yar ee hurdiga ah ee jaalaha ah ee xaaladaha huruud ah. Adigoo adeegsanaya astaamahan, Thulium waxaa laga yaabaa inuu noqdo wakiilka yareynta ee loo yaqaan farmasiga dabiiciga ah wuxuuna awood u leeyahay inuu u diyaariyo xeryo bir ah oo leh aaladaha gaarka loo leeyahay sida tamarta furaha ah sida tamarta furaha ah sida tamarta furaha ah sida tamarta furaha ah, tikniyoolajiyadda magnetic, iyo qashinka nukliyeerka, iyo qashinka nukliyeerka. Adiga oo xulanaya Laylands, Thulium sidoo kale waxay wax ka badali kartaa awoodda rasmiga ah ee lammaane-dhirta birta gaar ah. Samarium(II) iodide and its mixtures dissolved in organic solvents such as tetrahydrofuran have been used by organic chemists for 50 years to control the single electron reduction reactions of a series of functional groups. Thulium sidoo kale waxay leedahay astaamo la mid ah, iyo awooda lib-da ee lagu habeeyo xeryahooda birta dabiiciga ah waa la yaab. Undaynta qaabka joomatari iyo iskudhaca orbitalka ee isku dhafka ah waxay saameyn ku yeelan kartaa lammaanaha qaarkood ee 'redox'. Si kastaba ha noqotee, maadaama ay tahay in ugu xumaado dhulka dushiisa, qiimaha sare ee Thulium si ku-meel-gaar ah looga hortago inuu ku beddelo samarium, laakiin weli waxay leedahay awood weyn oo ku jirta kimistar cusub oo aan caadi ahayn.
Waqtiga Post: Agoosto-01-2023