Element Element le Mekhoa e tloaelehileng ea liteko

Element Element le Mekhoa e Khethehileng
Ka har'a tafole ea nako ea lik'hemik'hale ea lik'hemik'hale, ho na le ntho e bitsoangHolmium, e leng tšepe ea ruri. Karolo ena e tiile ka mocheso oa kamore 'me e na le ntlha e qhibilihang le ntlha ea ho pheha. Leha ho le joalo, ona ha se karolo e ntle ka ho fetisisa ea Element ea Holmuum. Mohatla oa eona oa 'nete o bohlokoa ka taba ea hore ha o thaba, o chesa khanya e ntle. Karolo ea Holmuum boemong bona ba thabo e joalo e tšoana le 'mala o botala bo botala bo khanyang, o motle ebile o mo makatsa. Batho ba na le nalane e khuts'oane ea Element ea Holmium ea holmium .in 1879 Ha a ntse a ithuta a ntse a ithuta arbium, o ile a fumana Hollymiumum ea ho tlosoa ka ho tlosaYttriummmeScandium. O ile a reha sehlahisoa sa brown Holmia (lebitso la Latin la Stockholm) le ntho e tala Thulia. Eaba o sebelisa dysshorosium ka katleho ho arola holmium e hloekileng. Lethathamo la lik'hemik'hale tsa lik'hemik'hale, Holmium o na le matla a ikhethang a ikhethang haholo. Holmium ke ntho ea lefats'e e sa tloaelehang ka ho khothetsoa ka matla haholo, kahoo ho sebelisoa hangata ho etsa lisebelisoa tsa boloi. Ka nako e ts'oanang, Holmum e boetse e na le index e kholo e phahameng, e e etsa boitsebiso bo loketseng ho etsa liletsa le likhoele tse ntle. Ntle le moo, Holmium o boetse o phetha karolo ea bohlokoa masimong a meriana, matla le ts'ireletso ea tikoloho. Kajeno, a re keneleng nthong ena ea boloi ka mefuta e mengata ea likopo - Holmaum. Lekola liphiri tsa lona 'me li utloe li kenya letsoho haholo sechabeng sa batho.

Litulo tsa kopo ea Element ea Holmium

Holmium ke ntho ea lik'hemik'hale e nang le palo ea linomoro tsa atomiki ea 67 'me ke ea letoto la la lanthanide. Se latelang ke kenyelletso e qaqileng ho likarolo tse ling tsa kopo ea Element ea Holmium:
1. Holmium Magnet:Holmium e na le thepa ea makenete e metle ea makenete mme e sebelisoa haholo joalo ka thepa ea ho etsa li-pronets. Haholo-holo ho Patlisiso e phahameng ea Properchunditic, hangata magnets a Holmium a sebelisoa e le thepa ea superConctuctors ho ntlafatsa matla a khoheli ea adconetic.
2. Khalase ea Holmi:Holmium e ka fa likhalase tse khethehileng tsa khalase mme li sebelisetsoa ho etsa limaraka tsa khalase ea khalase. Li-Laser li sebelisoa haholo ho meriana le indastering, 'me li ka sebelisoa ho phekola maloetse a mahlo, ho kuta litlolo le lisebelisoa tse ling, jj.
3. Indasteri ea matla a nyutlelie:Isomium's Isotope Holmium-165 e na le karolo e phahameng ea ho hapa Cropment Cropment mme e sebelisetsoa ho laola metsi a neutron le ho ajoa ha abuutler.
4. Lisebelisoa tsa Optical: Holmum e boetse e na le likopo ka lisebelisoa tsa tlhaho, tse kang ho ikhathatsa, Photosdectoctors, joalo-joalo
5. Lisebelisoa tsa fluorescent:Likhatiso tsa Holmuum li ka sebelisoa e le lisebelisoa tsa fluorescent ho hlahisa mabone a fluorescent, lits'oants'o tsa fluorescent le matšoao a fluorescent.6. Metal aloys:Holmamium e ka eketsoa literateng tse ling ho etsa li-antel tsa mollo, ho itlhophisa le ho ferekana ha methapo ea maikutlo. Hangata e sebelisoa ho etsa enjine ea lifofane, li-Enginee tsa likoloi le lisebelisoa tsa lik'hemile. Holmium e na le lits'ebetso tsa bohlokoa magnets, lasers ea khalase, lisebelisoa tsa matla a khalase, lisebelisoa tsa matla a nyutlelie, lisebelisoa tsa motlakase le li-allowing tsa fluorescent.

Thepa ea 'mele ea Element ea Holmi

1. Ametoic sebopeho: sebopeho sa athomo ea holmium se entsoe ka lielektrone tse 67. Ka tlhophisong ea eona ea elektroniki, ho na le lielektrone tse peli ka har'a lielektrone tse 8 ka har'a lielektrone tsa bobeli, lielektrone tse 18 ka karolo ea boraro, le lielektrone tse 29 naheng ea bone. Ka hona, ho na le lipara tse peli tse le leng tsa lielekritlelong tse ka ntle.
2. Tokoloho le ho thata: Bolulo ba Holmium ke 8.78 g / cm3, e leng letsoalo le phahameng. Ho thata ho bona ho ka ba boima ba 5.4 ho thata.
3. Ntlha e qhibilihang le ntlha ea ho pheha: Sebaka sa ho qhibiliha ha holmium se ka bang likhato tse 1495 tsa Celsius.
4. Magnetim: Holmium ke tšepe e nang le magneism e ntle. E bonts'a Ferromagentiss ho mocheso o tlase oa mocheso, empa butle-butle o felloa ke matla a phahameng mochesong o phahameng oa lithemparetjha. Magnenemm ea Holmium e etsa hore e be bohlokoa mererong ea makenete le lipatlisiso tse phahameng tsa thuto e phahameng.
5. Litšobotsi tse sa sebetseng: Holma Holmium e bonts'a monyako o hlakileng le mela e tsoang ponong e bonahalang. Mehala ea eona e tsoang botebong ba eona e fumaneha ka bongata bo botala le bofubelu, e bakoang ke metsoako ea Hollymium e na le mebala e metala kapa e khubelu.
6. Holmal hollisong: Holmium e na le phepelo e futhumetseng e phahameng ea hoo e ka bang 16.2 w /. Sena se etsa hore holmiumum e bohlokoa ho lits'ebetso tse ling tse hlokang ho ba le boitšoaro bo botle ba moea. Holmium ke tšepe e nang le letsoalo le phahameng, Harmness le ho khothetsoa. E bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho magnets, lihlooho tse phahameng tsa mocheso, Stractropy le boitšoaro bo futhumetseng.

Li-commituring ea lik'hemik'hale ea Holmium

1. Ho hlokahala: Holmia Ha e arabe ka moea le metsi mochesong oa kamore, empa ha o futhumetse mocheso o phahameng, o etsa oksijene moeeng ho theha oxide.
2. Holmubity
3. Mmuso oa oxidation: boemo ba oxidation ba holmium hangata ke bona +3. E ka theha metsoako e fapaneng, e kang likhutsana (Ho2O3), chlorides (Hoc3), sulfate (Ho2 (sono) 3), jj. Ho ekelletsa moo, Holma Holm
4. Likhauhelo: Holmuum e ka theha mefuta e mengata ea Holmu, e atitsoeng ka ho fetisisa eo e leng rarahane e thehiloeng holmium (iii) Ions. Lifate tsena li bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho sekaseka lik'hemik'hale, li-catatists le lipatlisiso tsa biochemical.
5. TLHOKOMELISO: Hangata holmium hangata e bontša ho ba bonolo haholo maemong a lik'hemik'hale. E ka nka karolo mefuteng e mengata ea li-comes tsa lik'hemik'hale tse kang ho fokotsa litlatsetso, karabelo ea molao le boikemisetso ba coordions le karabelo e thata. Holmium ke tšepe e tsitsitseng, 'me thepa ea eona ea lik'hemik'hale e bonahala haholo ka ho fetisisa ka bongata bo itseng, e hlokang mekhoeng e fapaneng ea oxidation. Litšobotsi tsena li etsa Holmurium e sebelisoang haholo maemong a lik'hemik'hale, linyeoe tsa coorrination le biochemical lipatlisiso.

Maqhubu a Biological a Holmium

Sebaka sa tlhaho sa Holmium se se na ho ithutoa, 'me tlhaiso-leseling eo re e tsebang ho hang haholo. Tse latelang ke tse ling tsa thepa ea Holmium ho Likopo:
1. Boavalililical: Holmium e fumaneha habonolo ka tlhaho, joalo ka litaba tsa eona linthong tsa eona li le har'a likokonyana li tlase haholo. Holmium e na le boeona e mafura, ke hore, bokhoni ba holmis le ba monyang Holmium bo haella, e leng eona ea Holmum ha e utloisisoe ka botlalo.
2. Thuto ea 'mele: Leha ho na le tsebo e lekanyelitsoeng ea mesebetsi ea' mele ea 'mele ea Holmioum Lithuto tsa mahlale li bontšitse hore Holmium o ka amanang le masapo le a bophelo bo botle, empa mochine o ikhethileng o ntse o sa tsejoe.
3. Ho na le chefo: Ka lebaka la bioAvalilical e tlase, Holmium e na le chefo e tlase ho 'mele oa motho. Lithutong tsa liphoofolo tsa Labobeli, ho pepesetsoa metsoako e phahameng ea litsotsi tsa Holmi ho ka etsa hore litsoho tse ling li ka baka tšenyo e 'ngoe ho sebete le liphio, empa ha ho le kotsi ho holmium e fokolang. Mabanta a tlhaho a Holmium mabapi le lintho tse phelang ha a so utloisisehe ka botlalo. Patlisiso ea hajoale e shebileng mesebetsing ea eona ea 'mele e ka ba teng le litlamorao tse boima mabapi le lintho tse phelang. Ka tsoelo-pele e tsoelang pele ea mahlale le theknoloji, lipatlisiso tsa ho hakanya holbium ea Holmium ho tla tsoela pele ho tebisa.

Ho tsamaisoa hoa tlhaho ha holmium

Kameho ea Holmium ka tlhaho e sa tloaelehang haholo, 'me ke e' ngoe ea likarolo tse nang le litaba tse tlase haholo tse ka har'a lefatše. Se latelang ke kabo ea Holmium ka tlhaho:
1. Tsamaiso ea Lefatše: Litaba tsa Tsoara tse mabapi le "Crust ea Lefatše li ka ba "3PPM (likarolo ka milione), e leng karolo e sa tloaelehang ho lefatše. Le hoja e ne e le litaba tse tlase tse tlase, Holmaum e ka fumanoa mafika le mafika a mang le mesebetsing e nang le lintho tse sa tloaelehang lefatšeng.
2. Blake ka liminerale: HolmiumHo2O3. Ho2O3 ke aParth Earth Oxideore e nang le holliso e phahameng ea holmium.
3. Tlhaho ka tlholeho: hangata holmium hangata e tloaelana le likarolo tse ling tsa lefats'e le karolo ea lintho tsa Laonthanide. E ka ba teng ka sebopeho sa oxides, sulfate, li-carbonates, jj.
4. Sebaka sa ho tsamaisoa ha Tsamaiso: Tsamaiso ea Holmium e tšoana hantle le lefatše, empa tlhahiso ea eona e lekantsoe haholo. Linaha tse ling li na le lisebelisoa tse ling tsa Holmum, tse kang Chaena, e leng Australia, Brazil, Etc. Holma Holmi e sa fumanehe ka mokhoa oa ho lekana le oxides. Le ha litaba li le tlase, li tloaelane le likarolo tse ling tsa lefatše 'me li ka fumanoa libakeng tse ikhethang tsa geologict. Ka lebaka la lithibelo tsa eona tsa ho rala le lithibelo tsa eona, meepo le ts'ebeliso ea Holmium e thata haholo.

Ho tlosoa le ho nkha ka mokhoa oa holmium
Holmium ke ntho ea lefats'e e sa tloaelehang, 'me ts'ebetso ea eona ea ho khetha le ho tlosa lintho tse ling e tšoana le likarolo tse ling tsa lefatše. Se latelang ke kenyelletso e qaqileng ea ts'ebetso ea meroho le e ntšitsoeng ea Element ea Holmium:
1. Ho batla holmium ore Litoro tsena li ka ba teng ka tlas'a lefatše kapa tse bulehileng li-depoliti tsa liminerale tsa minerall.
2. Ho hatella le ho silafala ha ore: Kamora ho ba le meepo, Holmuum o hloka ho sithabetsoa le fatše ka likaroloana tse nyane le ho hloekisoa hape.
3. Flotation: Ho arohana ha Holmium ore ho tsoa ho litšila tse ling ka mokhoa oa ho phaphamala. Ts'ebetsong ea ho phaphamala, Moemeli oa matloana le foam hangata a sebelisoa ho etsa phallo ea holmium ka lebaka la kalafo ea metsi ebe ba etsa kalafo ea 'mele le ea lik'hemik'hale.
4. Hydrate: Kamora ho fofa, holma ore o tla fumana kalafo ea hyduration ho e fetola litlolo tsa Holmium. Hangata tšoaro ea khatello ea hyduration e kenyelletsa ho nka ore ka thata tharollo ea asiti ea asiti ea asiti ea acid acid ea letsoai a acid acid acid acid acid.
5. Puo e hlophisitsoeng: ka ho fetola maemo a boitšoaro, holmium ho tharollo ea letsoai e atisang. Ebe, filthara ho arola ho fihla ho lolmium ho loma.
6. Khokahano: Holmum ba baholo ba hloka ho ba le kalafo. Ts'ebetso ena e kenyelletsa ho futhumatsa holma ho na le mocheso o phahameng oa ho e fetola ho Holmium Oxide.
7. Phokotso: Holmasium oxide e theohela kalafo ea tšebeliso ea metallic holma holmium. Hangata, baemeli ba ho fokotsa (joalo ka hydrogen) ba sebelisetsoa ho fokotsa tlasa maemo a mocheso o phahameng. 8. Hlōwha Mekhoa e Pholohang e kenyelletsa qubu ea bonono, elektronis (le phokotso ea lik'hemik'hale. Kamora mehato e kaholimo, ho hloeka holimoHolmium tšepee ka fumanoa. Lipeta tsena tsa Holmuum li ka sebelisoa bakeng sa ho hlophisoa ha li-sweys, lisebelisoa tsa makenete ea makenete, indasteri ea matla a nyutleli le lisebelisoa tsa laser. Ho bohlokoa ho hlokomela hore ts'ebetso ea meroho le e ntšitsoeng ea likarolo tsa lefats'e e sa tloaelehang e rarahane ebile e etsa lisebelisoa tse ngata ho fihlella.

Mekhoa ea ho lemoha ea holmium Element
1. Atomic Inthordurest Stictrometry (AAS): Athom Introsipture SpicorSis E khetholoha sampole ea ho hlahlojoa ka lelakabe, ebe e lekanya botebo ba holmum ho sampole ka har'a Spearcrometer. Mokhoa ona o loketse ho fumanoa ho Holmium hurting.
2. O bonts'itsoe ka mokhoa o ikhethileng oa plasma. " E arola sampole 'me e hlakisa plasma ho lekanya tsela e itseng le matla a holmuum e tsoang marulelong a pono.
3. E 'ngoe e ka sehloohong e ngolisa li-plasma tsa plasma (ICP-Ms) E amana le sampole 'me e hlakisa plasma ho lekanya karolelano ea holmium ea holmium ka mokhoa o boima oa holm.
4. X-ray fluorescencence "Sforrometry (xrf): x-ray fluorescences E ka tseba ho tseba litaba tsa holmu ka potlako mokgatlolong. Mekhoa ena e sebelisoa haholo ho laeboratoring le masimong a liindasteri bakeng sa tlhahlobo ea boleng bo phahameng le taolo ea boleng ba Holmium. Khetho ea mokhoa o nepahetseng ho itšetlehile ka lintlha tse kang mofuta oa sampole, tse hlokahalang ho fumanoa le ho hooa hoa ho lemoha.

Ts'ebeliso e ikhethang ea Mokhoa oa Athom Athom Atholic Atholiction
Taolong ea Buka, mokhoa oa monyaka oa monyakong o na le ho nepahala haholo le kutloelo-bohloko, 'me re sebelisa mokhoa oa ho monya oa lik'homik'hale ho lekanya litaba tsa Holmium. Mehato e khethehileng e tjena: lokisa sampole eo hore e belisoe. Lokisa sampole hore e lekanyetsoe tharollo, e hlokang ho chekoa ka har'a acid e tsoakiloeng bakeng sa tekanyo e latelang bakeng sa tekanyo e latelang bakeng sa tekanyo e latelang. Khetha Spestrometer e loketseng ea athomo. Ho latela thepa ea sampole ho lekantsoe le mefuta e mengata ea Holmuum e tla lekanngoa, khetha Spitoric e loketseng atomic e loketseng atomiki. Fetola liparamethara tsa athomo ea athomo ea athomo. Ho latela elemente hore e lekanyetsoe le mofuta oa lisebelisoa, lokisa lipapatso tsa athomo, ho kenyelletsa mohloli le bobebe, atotor, joalo ka ho bala holmium. Tšela sampole eo hore e be ho lekanya atomizer, ebe e baka mahlaseli a lebone a phallo e itseng ka mohloli o bobebe. Karolo ea Holmium e tla lekanngoa e tla monya likhahla tsena le ho hlahisa liphetoho tsa matla a matla. Lekanya ho ananeloa ha holmium ka sesebelisoa. Bala litaba tsa holmaum. Ho latela hore obliso le li-curve tse tloaelehileng, litaba tsa holmium li baloa. Tse latelang ke lipaki tse tobileng tse sebelisoang ke sesebelisoa sa ho lekanya Holmium.

Holmium (ho) maemo: Holmium oxide (keletso ea litaba).
Mokhoa: Tebileng ka nepo 1.145g ho2omg ho2ml hydrochloine Boloka ka libotlolong tsa polyethylene hole le lebone.
Mofuta oa Flame: Nitrous Oxide-Acetylene, Lelakabe la Rich
Litsebi tsa parameters
Filthara e koalehileng ea mofuta oa 0.6 e khothalelitsoeng ea khoeli le khoeli (ma) 6
E mpe ea voltage e mpe (v) 384.5
Bophahamo ba hlooho ea lisebelisoa tse kopaneng (mm) 12
Nako ea ho hokahana (s) 3
Khatello ea Moea le phallo (MP, ML / min) 0.25, 5000
Khatello ea nitrous Oxide le phallo (MP, ML / min) 0.22, 5000
Khatello ea Acetylene le phallo (MP, ML / Min) 0.1, 4500
Linear Khokahano ea Khoebo ea Linear
Tlhahlobo ea Tlhaho (μg / ml) 0.841
Ho bala mokhoa oa ho fetola mokhoa o tsoelang pele oa ho rarolla acidity 0.5%
Lethathamo la DCLDSED:

Curve ea Calibration:

Ho kena-kenana: Holmium e entsoe ka mokhoa o itseng oa lelakabe la nitrous oxide-acetylene. Ho eketsa potasiamo nitrate kapa potasiamo ea potasiamo ea potasiamo ea potasiamo ea potasiamo ea potasiamo ea potasiamo ea metsi Ha e le mosebetsing, ho bohlokoa ho khetha mokhoa o loketseng oa ho lekanya ho latela litlhoko tse ikhethileng tsa sebaka seo. Mekhoa ena e sebelisoa haholo tlhahlobong le ho lemoha CADMIum ka laboratoring le indasteri.

Holmium o bontšitse bokhoni bo boholo masimong a mangata ka thepa ea bona e ikhethang le lits'ebetso tse fapaneng. Ka ho utloisisa nalane, ts'ebetso ea ho se fumane,Bohlokoa le ts'ebeliso ea Holmaum, re ka utloisisa bohlokoa ba ntho ena ea boloi. A re luleng kamehla Holmuum ho tlisa masela le ho phomola sechabeng nakong e tlang le ho etsa menehelo ea ho ntšetsa pele ha phatlalatso ea mahlale le theknoloji.

Bakeng sa tlhaiso-leseling e batsi kapa holmium Holmium e amohelehangiteanye le rona

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