Njengoko sonke sisazi, iiminerali zomhlaba ezinqabileyo e-China zenziwa ikakhulu ngamacandelo okukhanya anqabileyo omhlaba, apho i-lanthanum kunye ne-cerium akhawunti ngaphezu kwe-60%. Ngokwandiswa kwezinto ezinqabileyo zemagnethi ezisisigxina zomhlaba, izinto ezinqabileyo zokukhazimlisa umhlaba, umgubo onqabileyo wokupolisha umhlaba kunye nomhlaba onqabileyo kwishishini lesinyithi eTshayina unyaka nonyaka, imfuno yomhlaba onqabileyo ophakathi kunye nonzima kwimarike yasekhaya nayo iyanda ngokukhawuleza. i-backlog enkulu yobuninzi obuphezulu bemihlaba enqabileyo efana ne-Ce, i-La kunye ne-Pr, ekhokelela kukungalingani okukhulu phakathi kokuxhatshazwa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwemithombo yomhlaba enqabileyo e-China. Kufunyaniswa ukuba ukukhanya okunqabileyo komhlaba kubonisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-catalytic kunye nokuphumelela kwinkqubo yokusabela kweekhemikhali ngenxa yesakhiwo sazo esisodwa se-electron shell ye-4f. Ke ngoko, Ukusebenzisa umhlaba onqabileyo okhanyayo njengendlela elungileyo yokusetyenziswa ngokupheleleyo kobutyebi bomhlaba obunqabileyo. I-Catalyst luhlobo lwento enokukhawulezisa ukusabela kweekhemikhali kwaye ayisetyenziswa phambi nasemva kokusabela. Ukomeleza uphando olusisiseko lwe-catalysis yomhlaba enqabileyo ayikwazi nje ukuphucula ukusebenza kwemveliso, kodwa nokugcina izixhobo kunye namandla kunye nokunciphisa ukungcoliseka kokusingqongileyo, okuhambelana nolwalathiso lweqhinga lophuhliso oluzinzileyo.
Kutheni izinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba zinento yokwenza ne-catalytic?
Izinto zomhlaba ezinqabileyo zinesakhiwo esikhethekileyo se-elektroniki sangaphandle (4f), esisebenza njenge-athomu esembindini ye-complex kwaye inamanani ahlukeneyo olungelelaniso ukusuka kwi-6 ukuya kwi-12. . Ngenxa yokuba i-4f inesixhenxe se-valence electron orbitals enobuchule bokudibanisa, idlala indima ye "backup chemical bond" okanye "i-valence eseleyo".Obu buchule buyimfuneko kwi-catalyst esemthethweni. Ke ngoko, izinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba azinamsebenzi we-catalytic kuphela, kodwa zinokusetyenziswa njengezongezo okanye i-cocatalysts ukuphucula ukusebenza kwe-catalyst ye-catalysts, ngakumbi amandla okuchasa ukuguga kunye nobuchule bokuchasana netyhefu.
Okwangoku, indima ye-nano cerium oxide kunye ne-nano lanthanum oxide kunyango lwe-exhaust yemoto iye yaba yinto entsha.
Amacandelo anobungozi kwi-exhaust yemoto ikakhulu ibandakanya i-CO, i-HC kunye ne-NOx. Umhlaba onqabileyo osetyenziswa kumhlaba onqabileyo we-exhauth exhaust purification catalyst ngumxube we-cerium oxide, i-praseodymium oxide kunye ne-lanthanum oxide. Isixhobo sokucoca iimoto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba zenziwe ngeeoksidi ezintsonkothileyo zomhlaba onqabileyo kunye ne-cobalt, imanganese kunye nelothe. Luhlobo lwe-ternary catalyst kunye ne-perovskite, uhlobo lwe-spinel kunye nesakhiwo, apho i-cerium oxide iyona nxalenye ephambili.Ngenxa yeempawu ze-redox ze-cerium oxide, amacandelo e-exhaust gas anokulawulwa ngokufanelekileyo.
I-automobile exhaust yokucocwa i-catalyst yenziwa ikakhulu nge-honeycomb yeceramic (okanye isinyithi) ethwala kunye ne-surface esebenzayo yokwambathisa. I-coating esebenzayo iqulethwe kwindawo enkulu γ-Al2O3, ubungakanani obufanelekileyo be-oxide kwindawo yokuzinzisa indawo kunye nesinyithi esisebenzayo esichithwa kwi-coating. Ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-pt ebiza kakhulu kunye ne-RH, ukonyusa ukusetyenziswa kwePd enexabiso eliphantsi kunye nokunciphisa ixabiso le-catalyst, kwisiseko sokunganciphisi ukusebenza kwe-automobile exhaust purification catalyst, isixa esithile se-CeO2 kunye ne-La2O3 zihlala zongezwa ukusebenza kwe-activation ye-Pt-Pd-Rh ternary catalyst esetyenziswa rhoqo ukwenza umhlaba onqabileyo onqabileyo we-metal ternary catalyst kunye isiphumo esihle kakhulu se-catalytic. I-La2O3 (UG-La01) kunye ne-CeO2 zisetyenziswe njengabakhuthazi ukuphucula ukusebenza kwe-γ- i-Al2O3 ixhaswe yi-catalysts yensimbi ehloniphekileyo. Ngokutsho kophando, i-CeO2, eyona ndlela iphambili ye-La2O3 kwi-catalysts yentsimbi ehloniphekileyo yile ilandelayo:
1. ukuphucula umsebenzi we-catalytic we-coating esebenzayo ngokongeza i-CeO2 ukugcina iinqununu zetsimbi ezinqabileyo ezihlakazekileyo kwi-coating esebenzayo, ukwenzela ukuba ugweme ukunciphisa amanqaku e-catalytic lattice kunye nomonakalo kumsebenzi obangelwa yi-sintering. Ukongeza i-CeO2(UG-Ce01) kwi-Pt/γ-Al2O3 inokusasaza kwi-γ-Al2O3 kwinqanaba elilodwa (ubuninzi bexabiso le-single-layer dispersion yi-0.035g CeO2/g γ-Al2O3), etshintsha iipropati zomphezulu we-γ -Al2O3 kwaye iphucula idigri yokusasazwa kwePt.Xa umxholo we-CeO2 ulingana okanye usondele kwi-dispersion umgubasi, iqondo lokusasazwa kwePt lifikelela kwelona liphezulu. Umda wokusasazwa kwe-CeO2 lolona thamo lungcono lwe-CeO2. Kwimo ye-oxidation engaphezulu kwe-600℃, i-Rh ilahlekelwa kukusebenza kwayo ngenxa yokwenziwa kwesisombululo esiqinileyo phakathi kwe-Rh2O3 kunye ne-Al2O3. Ubukho be-CeO2 buya kunciphisa ukuphendula phakathi kwe-Rh kunye ne-Al2O3 kwaye ugcine ukusebenza kwe-Rh. I-La2O3 (UG-La01) inokuthintela ukukhula kwe-Pt ultrafine particles.Ukongeza i-CeO2 kunye ne-La2O3 (UG-La01) kwi-Pd / γ 2al2o3, kwafunyaniswa ukuba ukongezwa kwe-CeO2 kwakhuthaza ukusabalalisa kwe-Pd kwi-carrier kwaye yavelisa ukunciphisa i-synergistic. Ukusabalalisa okuphezulu kwe-Pd kunye nokusebenzisana kwayo ne-CeO2 kwi-Pd / γ2Al2O3 iyisitshixo somsebenzi ophezulu we-catalyst.
2. Ukulungelelaniswa okuzenzekelayo komlinganiselo wamafutha omoya (aπ f) Xa iqondo lobushushu lokuqala lemoto liphakama, okanye xa imo yokuqhuba kunye nesantya sitshintsha, isantya sokuphuma kunye nokutshintsha kokwakheka kwegesi ephumayo, eyenza iimeko zokusebenza zokuphuma kwemoto. I-catalyst yokucoca igesi ihlala itshintsha kwaye ichaphazela ukusebenza kwayo. Kuyimfuneko ukulungelelanisa umlinganiselo we-π fuel yomoya kwi-stoichiometric ratio ye-1415 ~ 1416, ukwenzela ukuba i-catalyst ikwazi ukunika umdlalo opheleleyo kumsebenzi wayo wokucoca.I-CeO2 yi-variable valence oxide (Ce4 + ΠCe3 +), eneempawu ze I-semiconductor yohlobo lwe-N, kwaye inokugcinwa kakuhle kwe-oksijini kunye nomthamo wokukhulula. Xa umlinganiselo we-A π F utshintsha, i-CeO2 inokudlala indima egqwesileyo ekuhlengahlengiseni umlinganiselo wamafutha omoya. Oko kukuthi, i-O2 ikhutshwa xa i-fuel is surplus ukunceda i-CO kunye ne-hydrocarbon oxidize; Kwimeko yomoya ogqithiseleyo, i-CeO2-x idlala indima yokunciphisa kwaye iphendule nge-NOx ukususa i-NOx kwi-exhaust gas ukufumana i-CeO2.
3. Umphumo we-cocatalyst Xa umxube we-aπ f ukwi-stoichiometric ratio, ngaphandle kwe-oxidation reaction ye-H2, i-CO, i-HC kunye nokunciphisa ukusabela kwe-NOx, i-CeO2 njenge-cocatalyst inokukhawulezisa ukufuduka kwegesi yamanzi kunye ne-steam reforming reaction kunye nokunciphisa umxholo weCO kunye neHC. I-La2O3 inokuphucula izinga lokuguqulwa kwi-reaction ye-gas migration yamanzi kunye ne-hydrocarbon steam reforming reaction.I-hydrogen eyenziwe iluncedo ekunciphiseni i-NOx. Ukongeza i-La2O3 kwi-Pd / CeO2 -γ-Al2O3 yokuchithwa kwe-methanol, kwafunyaniswa ukuba ukongezwa kwe-La2O3 kuvimbele ukubunjwa kwemveliso ye-dimethyl ether kunye nokuphucula umsebenzi we-catalytic we-catalyst. Xa umxholo weLa2O3 yi-10%, i-catalyst inomsebenzi omhle kwaye ukuguqulwa kwe-methanol kufikelela kubuninzi (malunga ne-91.4%). Oku kubonisa ukuba i-La2O3 ine-dispersion enhle kwi-γ-Al2O3 carrier.Ngaphezu koko, ikhuthaze ukusabalalisa kwe-CeO2 kwi-γ2Al2O3 carrier kunye nokunciphisa i-oksijini eninzi, iphucule ngakumbi ukusabalalisa kwe-Pd kunye nokuphucula ngakumbi ukusebenzisana phakathi kwe-Pd kunye ne-CeO2, ngaloo ndlela kuphuculwe Umsebenzi we-catalyst wokubola kwemethanol.
Ngokweempawu zokhuselo lwangoku lokusingqongileyo kunye nenkqubo entsha yokusetyenziswa kwamandla, i-China kufuneka iphuhlise ukusebenza okuphezulu kwezixhobo ezinqabileyo zomhlaba ezinamalungelo azimeleyo epropathi yobukrelekrele, ukuphumeza ukusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kobutyebi bomhlaba obunqabileyo, ukukhuthaza ukutsha kwetekhnoloji yezinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba, kunye nokuqonda umtsi. -uphuhliso oluya phambili lwamaqela anxulumene nobuchwepheshe obuphezulu obufana nomhlaba onqabileyo, okusingqongileyo namandla amatsha.
Okwangoku, iimveliso ezibonelelwa yinkampani ziquka nano zirconia, nano titania, nano alumina, nano aluminium hydroxide, nano zinc oxide, nano silicon oxide, nano magnesium oxide, nano magnesium hydroxide, nano copper oxide, nano yttrium oxide, nano cerium oxide. , nano lanthanum oxide, nano tungsten trioxide, nano ferroferric i-oxide, i-agent ye-antibacterial nano kunye ne-graphene.Umgangatho wemveliso uzinzile, kwaye uthengelwe kwiibhetshi ngamashishini ezizwe ngezizwe.
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Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-23-2021