I-China ngoku ivelisa i-80% yemveliso yehlabathi ye-neodymium-praseodymium, indibaniselwano yesinyithi somhlaba esinqabileyo esibalulekileyo ekwenziweni kweemagnethi ezinamandla aphezulu.
Ezi magnethi zisetyenziswa kwiidrivetrains zezithuthi zombane (EVs), ngoko ke uhlengahlengiso olulindelekileyo lwe-EV luya kufuna ukhulo lokubonelela oluvela kubambi bomhlaba onqabileyo.
Yonke i-EV drivetrain ifuna ukuya kuthi ga kwi-2kg ye-neodymium-praseodymium oxide - kodwa i-injini yomoya yeemegawathi ezintathu ngqo isebenzisa i-600kg. I-Neodymium-praseodymium ikwakwiyunithi yakho yokupholisa umoya eofisini okanye eludongeni lwasekhaya.
Kodwa, ngokwezinye iingqikelelo, iChina kwiminyaka embalwa ezayo kufuneka ibe ngumrhwebi we-neodymium-praseodymium - kwaye, njengoko imile, i-Australia lelona lizwe likwindawo efanelekileyo yokuzalisa eso sikhewu.
Ndiyabulela kuLynas Corporation (ASX: LYC), ilizwe sele likwindawo yesibini emhlabeni umvelisi wehlabathi elinqabileyo, nangona lisavelisa iqhezu lemveliso yaseTshayina. Kodwa, kuninzi okusezayo.
Iinkampani ezine zaseOstreliya zineeprojekthi eziphambili kakhulu zomhlaba ongasemva, apho kugxilwe kwi-neodymium-praseodymium njengesiphumo esingundoqo. Ezintathu kuzo zikwiOstreliya kunye neyesine eTanzania.
Ukongeza, sineMinerali yaseMntla (i-ASX: i-NTU) kunye nezinto ezifunwa kakhulu emhlabeni ezinqabileyo (HREE), i-dysprosium kunye ne-terbium, elawula umhlaba wayo onqabileyo kwiprojekthi ye-Browns Range eNtshona Australia.
Kwabanye abadlali, i-US inomgodi we-Mountain Pass, kodwa oko kuxhomekeke kwi-China yokucubungula imveliso yayo.
Kukho ezinye iiprojekthi ezahlukeneyo zaseMntla Merika, kodwa akukho nanye enokuthiwa ilungele ukwakha.
I-Indiya, iVietnam, iBrazil kunye neRashiya zivelisa izixa ezithobekileyo; kukho umgodi osebenzayo eBurundi, kodwa akukho nanye kwezi enekhono lokudala ishishini lesizwe elinobunzima obubalulekileyo kwixesha elifutshane.
IMigodi yaseMantla kuye kwafuneka ukuba iqhube isityalo sayo sokulinga iBrowns Range e-WA okwethutyana ngenxa yezithintelo zokuhamba zikarhulumente ezibekelwe ukukhanya kwentsholongwane ye-COVID-19, kodwa inkampani ibivelisa imveliso ethengiswayo.
I-Alkane Resources (ASX: ALK) igxile ngakumbi kwigolide kwezi ntsuku kwaye iceba ukudiliza iprojekthi yesinyithi ye-Dubbo yeteknoloji kanye nje ukuba i-stock market yangoku iphazamisekile. Umsebenzi ke uya kurhweba ngokwahlukeneyo njenge Australian Strategic Metals.
I-Dubbo ilungele ukwakhiwa: inalo lonke ulwamkelo olungundoqo lwe-federal kunye nelizwe kwaye i-Alkane isebenzisana ne-Zirconium Technology Corp (iZiron) yaseMzantsi Korea ukwakha iplanti yesinyithi ecocekileyo e-Daejeon, isixeko sesihlanu esikhulu saseMzantsi Korea.
Idiphozithi ye-Dubbo yi-43% ye-zirconium, i-10% ye-hafnium, i-30% yomhlaba onqabileyo kunye ne-17% ye-niobium. Eyona nto inqabileyo emhlabeni yenkampani yi-neodymium-praseodymium.
I-Hastings Technology Metals (ASX: HAS) ineprojekthi yayo yaseYangibana, emi kumntla-mpuma weCarnarvon eWA. Ineendawo zayo zokusingqongileyo ezivulekileyo ze commonwealth kwindawo yomgodi ovulekileyo kunye neplanti yokucoca.
I-Hastings iceba ukuba yimveliso ngo-2022 kunye nemveliso yonyaka ye-3,400t ye-neodymium-praseodymium. Oku, kunye ne-dysprosium kunye ne-terbium, kujonge ukuvelisa i-92% yengeniso yeprojekthi.
UHastings ebethethathethana ngesivumelwano seminyaka eli-10 kunye neSchaeffler yaseJamani, umenzi weemveliso zentsimbi, kodwa ezi ntetho ziye zalibaziseka yimpembelelo yentsholongwane ye-COVID-19 kwishishini le-auto laseJamani. Kubekho neengxoxo kunye noThyssenKrupp kunye neqabane laseTshayina lokuhamba.
I-Arafura Resources (ASX: ARU) yaqala ubomi kwi-ASX kwi-2003 njengomdlalo wentsimbi yentsimbi kodwa ngokukhawuleza yatshintsha ikhosi emva kokuba ifumene iprojekthi yeNolans kwiNdawo yaseMntla.
Ngoku, ilindele ukuba iNolans ibe neminyaka engama-33 yobomi basemgodini kwaye ivelise i-4,335t ye-neodymium-praseodymium ngonyaka.
Inkampani ithe kuphela komsebenzi e-Australia ukufumana imvume yokwembiwa kwemigodi, ukutsalwa kunye nokwahlula umhlaba onqabileyo, kubandakanya nokuphatha inkunkuma ye-radioactive.
Inkampani ijolise eJapan kwintengiso yayo ye-neodymium-praseodymium offtake kwaye inokhetho lweehektare zomhlaba ezili-19 eTeesside yaseNgilani ukwakha indawo yokucokisa.
Indawo yeTeesside ivunyelwe ngokupheleleyo kwaye ngoku inkampani ilinde nje ukuba ilayisenisi yayo yemigodi ikhutshwe ngurhulumente waseTanzania, imfuneko yokugqibela yokulawula iprojekthi yeNgualla.
Ngelixa i-Arafura isayine iimemorandam zokuqonda kunye namaqela amabini aseTshayina aphumayo, iintetho zayo zamva nje ziye zagxininisa "ukubandakanya umthengi" kujoliswe kubasebenzisi be-neodymium-praseodymium abangahambelani neqhinga elithi 'Made in China 2025', eyiplani yaseBeijing eya kubona. ilizwe 70% ukuzimela kwimveliso yobugcisa obuphezulu iminyaka emihlanu ngoko - kunye nenyathelo elikhulu ukuya kulawulo lwehlabathi lokuvelisa iteknoloji.
I-Arafura kunye nezinye iinkampani ziyazi kakuhle ukuba i-China ilawula ubuninzi bomhlaba onqabileyo wokubonelela ngehlabathi - kunye ne-Australia kunye ne-US kunye namanye amahlakani aqaphela ingozi ebangelwa ukukwazi kweChina ukunqanda iiprojekthi ezingekho phantsi kweChina.
I-Beijing ixhasa imisebenzi enqabileyo yomhlaba ukuze abavelisi bakwazi ukulawula amaxabiso - kwaye iinkampani zaseTshayina zinokuhlala kwishishini ngelixa iinkampani ezingezona zaseTshayina zingakwazi ukusebenza kwindawo yokulahlekelwa.
Iintengiso ze-Neodymium-praseodymium zilawulwa yi-Shanghai-kuluhlu lwe-China Northern Rare Earth Group, enye yamashishini amathandathu alawulwa ngurhulumente aqhuba imigodi yomhlaba onqabileyo e-China.
Ngelixa iinkampani ezizimeleyo zifumanisa ukuba zeziphi na inqanaba ezinokuthi zisophule kwaye zenze inzuzo, ababoneleli bezemali bathanda ukonga kakhulu.
Amaxabiso e-Neodymium-praseodymium okwangoku angaphantsi nje kwe-US$40/kg (A$61/kg), kodwa amanani oshishino aqikelela ukuba kuya kufuna into ekufutshane ne-US$60/kg (A$92/kg) ukukhulula iinaliti zenkunzi ezifunekayo ukuphuhlisa iiprojekthi.
Ngapha koko, naphakathi kuloyiko lwe-COVID-19, i-China ikwazile ukuvuselela imveliso yayo yomhlaba enqabileyo, kunye nokuthunyelwa ngaphandle kwe-19.2% ngonyaka-ngonyaka kwi-5,541t - elona nani liphezulu lenyanga ukusukela ngo-2014.
ULynas naye wayenenani eliqinileyo lokuziswa ngoMatshi. Kwikota yokuqala, ukuphuma kweeoksidi zomhlaba ezinqabileyo kuphelele kwi-4,465t.
I-China yavala uninzi lweshishini layo elinqabileyo lomhlaba wonke uJanuwari kunye nenxalenye kaFebruwari ngenxa yokusasazeka kwale ntsholongwane.
“Abathathi-nxaxheba kwimarike balinde ngomonde njengoko kungekho mntu ukuqondayo ngokucacileyo ukuba ikamva lisiphathele ntoni na,” uPeak ucebise abaninizabelo ekupheleni kuka-Epreli.
"Ngaphezu koko, kuyaqondwa ukuba kumanqanaba angoku amaxabiso ishishini laseTshayina elinqabileyo lomhlaba alisebenzi kuyo nayiphi na inzuzo," yatsho.
Amaxabiso ezinto ezahlukeneyo zomhlaba ezinqabileyo ziyahluka, emele iimfuno zemarike. Okwangoku, ihlabathi linikezelwa kakhulu nge-lanthanum kunye ne-cerium; nabanye, hayi kakhulu.
Apha ngezantsi kukho umfanekiso wamaxabiso kaJanuwari - amanani omntu ngamnye aya kuthi ahambe kancinci ngenye indlela okanye enye, kodwa amanani abonisa umahluko omkhulu kuqingqo-maxabiso. Onke amaxabiso ziidola zaseMelika ngekhilogram.
ILanthanum oxide – 1.69 Cerium oxide – 1.65 Samarium oxide – 1.79 Yttrium oxide – 2.87 Ytterbium oxide – 20.66 Erbium oxide – 22.60 Gadolinium oxide – 23.68 Neodymium oxide – 41.3mium oxide -84 ioksidi – 48.07 Praseodymium oxide – 48.43 Dysprosium oxide – 251.11 Terbium oxide – 506.53 Lutetium oxide – 571.10
Ixesha lokuposa: May-20-2020