Ceriumyintsimbi engwevu kwaye edlamkileyo enoxinano lwe 6.9g/cm3 (cubic crystal), 6.7g/cm3 (hexagonal crystal), indawo yokunyibilika ye 795 ℃, indawo yokubila eyi 3443 ℃, kunye ne ductility. Yeyona ntsimbi ininzi ngokwendalo yelanthanide. Imicu yecerium egobileyo ihlala itshiza iintlantsi.
Ceriumi-oxidized ngokulula kubushushu begumbi kwaye ilahlekelwe ukubengezela kwayo emoyeni. Inokutshiswa emoyeni ngokukhuhla ngemela (i-cerium esulungekileyo ayifuni ukuvutha ngokuzenzekelayo, kodwa ithanda ukuvutha ngokukhawuleza xa i-oxidized kancinane okanye idityaniswe ngentsimbi). Xa ishushu, itshisa emoyeni ukuze ivelise i-ceria. Inokusabela ngamanzi abilayo ukuvelisa i-cerium hydroxide, enyibilikayo kwi-asidi kodwa ayinyibiliki kwi-alkali.
1, Imfihlelo yecerium element
Cerium,ngenani atomic 58, yeyaizinto zomhlaba ezinqabileyokwaye sisiqalelo selanthanide kwiQela IIIB lenkqubo yexesha lesithandathu. Isimboli saso esisisisekoCe, kwaye yintsimbi yesilivere engwevu esebenzayo. Umgubo wayo uthambekele ekutshiseni ngokuzenzekelayo emoyeni kwaye unyibilika ngokulula kwiiasidi kunye neearhente zokunciphisa. Igama elithi cerium livela kwinto yokuba umxholo wecerium kuqweqwe lomhlaba umalunga ne-0.0046%, nto leyo eyenza ibe yeyona nto inqabileyo yomhlaba.
Kwintsapho enqabileyo yomhlaba, i-cerium ngokungathandabuzekiyo "ngumzalwana omkhulu". Okokuqala, ubuninzi obupheleleyo bemihlaba enqabileyo kwi-Earth's crust yi-238 ppm, kunye ne-cerium accounting ye-68 ppm, eyi-28% yesambatho esinqabileyo somhlaba wonke kunye nenqanaba lokuqala; Okwesibini, i-cerium yayiyeyesibini into enqabileyo yomhlaba eyafunyanwa kwiminyaka elithoba emva kokufunyanwa kweiyttriumngo-1794. Okwangoku, ulwazi olufanelekileyo luye lwahlaziywa, ungajonga iwebhusayithi yolwaziiindaba zoshishino.
2, Usetyenziso oluphambili lwecerium
1. Izixhobo ezihambelana nokusingqongileyo, kunye nesicelo esimele kakhulu yi-automotive exhaust purification catalysts. Ukongeza i-cerium kwii-ternary catalysts ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo zesinyithi ezixabisekileyo ezifana neplatinam, i-rhodium, i-palladium, njl. Ezona zinto zingcolisayo kwiigesi eziphumayo yicarbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, kunye neammonia oxides, ezinokuchaphazela inkqubo ye-hematopoietic yabantu, zenze umsi onetyhefu wefotochemical, kwaye zivelise i-carcinogens, ebangela umonakalo ebantwini, kwizilwanyana nakwizityalo. Itekhnoloji yokucoca itekhnoloji ye-ternary inokukhupha ngokupheleleyo i-hydrocarbons kunye ne-carbon monoxide ukuvelisa i-carbon dioxide kunye namanzi, kwaye ibolise i-oxides ibe yi-ammonia kunye ne-oksijini (kungoko igama elithi ternary catalysis).
2. Ukutshintshwa kwesinyithi esiyingozi: I-Cerium sulfide inokutshintsha iintsimbi ezifana nelothe kunye ne-cadmium eziyingozi kwindalo kunye nabantu njenge-agent ebomvu yombala kwiiplastiki. Isenokusetyenziswa nakwimizi-mveliso enjengokugquma, ii-inki kunye nephepha. Iikhompawundi ze-Organic ezifana ne-cerium rich light light ezinqabileyo zomhlaba iityuwa ze-cyclic acid zikwasetyenziswa njengeejenti zokomisa ipeyinti, izizinzi zeplastiki zePVC, kunye nezilungisi zenayiloni zeMC. Zinokuthatha indawo yezinto eziyityhefu ezifana neetyuwa zelothe kwaye zinciphise izinto ezibiza imali eninzi njengokugrumba iityuwa. 3. Izilawuli zokukhula kwezityalo, ubukhulu becala izinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba ezifana necerium, zinokuwuphucula umgangatho wesityalo, zandise isivuno, kwaye zikhulise ukumelana noxinzelelo lwezityalo. Isetyenziswa njengesongezo sokutya, inokunyusa izinga lemveliso yeqanda leenkuku kunye nesantya sokuphila kweentlanzi kunye nokufuya i-shrimp, kwaye iphucule umgangatho woboya beegusha ezinde.
3. Iikhompawundi eziqhelekileyo ze-cerium
1.I-Cerium oxide- i-inorganic substance ene-chemical formulaCeO2, umgubo oncedisayo omthubi okanye omthubi omdaka. Uxinzelelo 7.13g/cm3, indawo yokunyibilika 2397 ℃, ayinyibiliki emanzini kunye nealkali, inyibilika kancinane kwiasidi. Ukusebenza kwayo kubandakanya izinto zokupholisha, ii-catalysts, catalyst carriers (additives), i-ultraviolet absorbers, i-electrolyte yeeseli ze-fuel, i-absorber exhaust absorbers, ii-ceramics ze-elektroniki, njl.
2. I-Cerium sulfide - kunye ne-molecular formula CeS, i-pigment entsha eluhlaza kunye nokusingqongileyo ebomvu esetyenziswa kwiindawo zeplastiki, iingubo, iipeyinti, i-pigments, njl. Iphuma kwi-pigments ye-inorganic, inamandla ombala oqinileyo, umbala oqaqambileyo, ukumelana nobushushu obulungileyo, ukumelana nokukhanya, ukumelana nemozulu, amandla abalaseleyo okugquma, ukungafuduki, kwaye yeyona nto ibambeleyo yemibala yentsimbi enzima efana ne-cadmium ebomvu.
3. I-Cerium chloride-ekwaziwa ngokuba yicerium trichloride, yi anhydrousi-cerium chlorideokanye i-hydrated compound ye-cerium chloride ephazamisa amehlo, inkqubo yokuphefumula kunye nesikhumba. Isetyenziswa kumashishini anje ngepetroleum catalysts, i-exhaust catalysts yeemoto, iikhompawundi eziphakathi, kunye nasekuveliseniisinyithi secerium.
Ixesha lokuposa: Sep-12-2024