Ukusetyenziswa kweumhlaba onqabileyoekuphoseni i-aluminium ingxubevange yenziwa ngaphambili phesheya. Nangona i-China yaqala uphando kunye nokusetyenziswa kwalo mba kuphela kwi-1960s, iphuhliswe ngokukhawuleza. Mninzi umsebenzi owenziweyo ukusuka kuphando lwendlela ukuya kwisicelo esisebenzayo, kwaye ezinye impumelelo zenziwe.Ngokongezwa kwezinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba, iipropati zomatshini, iipropati zokuphosa kunye neempawu zombane ze-aluminium alloys ziye zaphuculwa kakhulu. izixhobo ezintsha, izinto ezityebileyo zamehlo, zombane kunye nemagnethi zezinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba nazo zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekwenzeni imathiriyeli yamagnetic enqabileyo yomhlaba, izinto ezinqabileyo ezikhupha ukukhanya komhlaba, izinto ezinqabileyo zokugcina i-hydrogen, njl.
◆ ◆ Indlela yokusebenza yomhlaba onqabileyo kwi-aluminium kunye ne-aluminium alloy ◆ ◆
Umhlaba onqabileyo unomsebenzi ophezulu weekhemikhali, amandla aphantsi kunye nelungiselelo elikhethekileyo le-electron layer, kwaye unokusebenzisana phantse nazo zonke izinto.lanthanum), Ce (i-cerium), Y (iyttrium) kunye noSc (scandium). Zihlala zongezwa kwi-aluminium liquid kunye ne-modifiers, i-nucleating agents kunye ne-degassing agents, ezinokuhlambulula ukunyibilika, ukuphucula isakhiwo, ukucokisa ingqolowa, njl.
01Ukucocwa komhlaba onqabileyo
Njengomlinganiselo omkhulu wegesi kunye ne-oxide inclusions (ikakhulukazi i-hydrogen, i-oksijini kunye ne-nitrogen) iya kufakwa ngexesha lokunyibilika kunye nokuchithwa kwe-aluminium alloy, i-pinholes, ii-cracks, inclusions kunye nezinye iziphene ziya kwenzeka kwi-casting (jonga umfanekiso 1a), ukunciphisa amandla e-aluminium alloy.Isiphumo sokuhlanjululwa komhlaba onqabileyo sibonakaliswa ngokukodwa ekunciphiseni okucacileyo komxholo we-hydrogen kwi-aluminium etyhidiweyo, ukunciphisa izinga le-pinhole kunye ne-porosity (jonga i-Figure 1b), kunye nokunciphisa ukubandakanywa kunye nezinto ezinobungozi.Isizathu esona sizathu kukuba umhlaba onqabileyo unobudlelwane obukhulu kunye ne-hydrogen, enokuthi ifunxe kwaye ichithe i-hydrogen ngobuninzi kwaye yenza iikhompawundi ezizinzile ngaphandle ukwenza amaqamza, ngaloo ndlela kunciphisa ngokubonakalayo umxholo we-hydrogen kunye nokuvuvuka kwe-aluminiyam; ngendlela ye-slag kwinkqubo yokunyibilikisa, ukuze kufezekiswe injongo yokucoca ulwelo lwe-aluminium.
Ukuziqhelanisa kubonise ukuba umhlaba onqabileyo unempembelelo yokunciphisa umxholo we-hydrogen, i-oksijini kunye nesulfure kwi-aluminium kunye ne-aluminium alloys. Ukongeza i-0.1% ~ 0.3% RE kulwelo lwe-aluminiyam luncedo ekususeni ngcono ukungcola okuyingozi, ukucokisa ukungcola okanye ukutshintsha imo yaboji, ukuze kusulungekiswe kwaye kusasazwe ngokulinganayo iinkozo; Ukongeza, iRE kunye nokungcola okuyingozi kunye nendawo yokunyibilika esezantsi zenza imidibaniso yokubini efana I-RES, ii-REAs, kunye ne-REPb, eziphawulwa ngendawo yokunyibilika ephezulu, ukuxinana okuphantsi, kunye neempawu zekhemikhali ezizinzileyo, kwaye zinokubakho. idandwe phezulu ukuze yenze i-slag kwaye isuswe, ngaloo ndlela icoca ulwelo lwe-aluminium;
Umzobo we-1 SEM Morphology ye-7075 Alloy ngaphandle kwe-RE kunye ne-w (RE)=0.3%
a. IRE ayongezwa;b. Yongeza u-w (RE)=0.3%
02I-Metamorphism yomhlaba onqabileyo
Ukuguqulwa komhlaba okunqabileyo kubonakaliswa ikakhulu ekusulungeni ukutya okuziinkozo kunye needendrites, kuthintela ukubonakala kwesigaba se-lamellar T2 erhabaxa, kuphelisa isigaba esirhabaxa esikhulu esasasazwa kwinqanaba lokuqala lekristale kunye nokwenza i-spherical phase, ukuze umtya kunye neekhompawundi zamaqhekeza kumda wengqolowa zincitshiswe kakhulu. (jonga umfanekiso 2). Ngokuqhelekileyo, iradiyasi ye-athomu yomhlaba enqabileyo inkulu kune-aluminiyam. athom, kwaye iimpawu zayo ziyasebenza. Ukunyibilika kulwelo lwe-aluminium kulula kakhulu ukuzalisa iziphene zomhlaba kwisigaba se-alloy, esinciphisa ukuxinana komphezulu kujongano phakathi kwezigaba ezitsha nezidala, kunye nokuphucula inqanaba lokukhula kwekristale nucleus; Kwangaxeshanye, inokwenza umphezulu. ifilimu esebenzayo phakathi kweenkozo kunye nolwelo olutyhidiweyo ukukhusela ukukhula kweenkozo eziveliswayo kunye nokucoca i-alloy structure (jonga uMzobo 2b).
Umzobo we-2 Microstructure ye-Alloys ene-RE Different Addition
a. Idosi yeRE yi-0;b. Udibaniso lwe-RE yi-0.3%;c. Udibaniso lwe-RE yi-0.7%
Emva kokongeza ielementi zomhlaba ezinqabileyoαIinkozo zesigaba (Al) zaqala ukuba zincinci, ezidlale indima ekusulungekiseni iinkozoα(Al) zaguqulwa zaba yirozi encinci okanye imilo yentonga, xa umxholo womhlaba onqabileyo uyi-0.3%αUbungakanani beenkozo ze (Al) ) isigaba sesona sincinane, kwaye ngokuthe ngcembe siyakhula ngokonyuka okungaphaya komxholo womhlaba onqabileyo.Imifuniselo ibonise ukuba kukho ixesha elithile lokufukamela kwimetamorphism yomhlaba enqabileyo, kwaye kuphela xa igcinwe kubushushu obuphezulu kangangexesha elithile, umhlaba onqabileyo uya kudlala indima enkulu kwi-metamorphism. Ukongeza, inani lekristale nuclei yeekhompawundi ezenziwe yi-aluminiyam kunye nomhlaba onqabileyo kwandisa kakhulu xa isinyithi sikhazimlayo, nto leyo eyenza Uphando lubonisa ukuba umhlaba onqabileyo unesiphumo esihle sokuguqulwa kwe-aluminium alloy.
03 Impembelelo yeMicroalloying yomhlaba onqabileyo
Umhlaba onqabileyo ukhona kakhulu kwi-aluminium kunye ne-aluminium alloys kwiintlobo ezintathu: isisombululo esiqinileyo kwi-matrixα (Al); Ukwahlulwa kumda wesigaba, umda weenkozo kunye nomda we-dendrite; Isisombululo esiqinileyo okanye ngendlela ye-compound.Iziphumo zokuqinisa umhlaba onqabileyo iialloyi ze-aluminiyam ikakhulu zibandakanya ukomelezwa kokulungiswa kweenkozo, ukomeleza isisombululo esinesiphelo kunye nokomelezwa kwesigaba sesibini semixube yomhlaba enqabileyo.
Uhlobo lobukho bomhlaba onqabileyo kwi-aluminiyam kunye ne-alloy ye-aluminiyam inxulumene ngokusondeleyo kwisixa sayo sokongeza. Ngokuqhelekileyo, xa umxholo we-RE ungaphantsi kwe-0.1%, indima ye-RE ikakhulu iqinisa ukutya okuziinkozo kunye nokomeleza isisombululo esinesiphelo;Xa umxholo we-RE yi-0.25% ~ 0.30%, i-RE kunye ne-Al yenza inani elikhulu le-spherical or short rod like intermetallic compounds. , ezisasazwa kumda wokuziinkozo okanye okuziinkozo, kunye nenani elikhulu lokuchithwa, izakhiwo ezicolekileyo ze-spheroidized kunye nokusabalalisa umhlaba onqabileyo. iikhompawundi zivela, eziza kuvelisa iziphumo ze-alloying micro ezifana nokomeleza isigaba sesibini.
◆ ◆ Impembelelo yomhlaba onqabileyo kwiipropati ze-aluminium kunye ne-aluminium alloy ◆◆
01 Isiphumo somhlaba onqabileyo kwiipropathi ezibanzi zoomatshini bealloyi
Amandla, ubulukhuni, ubude, ukuqina kokwaphuka, ukuxhathisa ukunxiba kunye nezinye iipropathi ezibanzi zoomatshini zealloyi zinokuphuculwa ngokongeza ubungakanani obufanelekileyo bomhlaba onqabileyo.bukusuka kwi-205.9 MPa ukuya kwi-274 MPa, kunye ne-HB ukusuka kwi-80 ukuya kwi-108;Ukongeza i-0.42% Sc ukuya kwi-7005 ialloyσbinyuke ukusuka kwi-314MPa ukuya kwi-414MPa, σ0.2inyuke ukusuka kwi-282MPa ukuya kwi-378MPa, iplastiki inyuke ukusuka kwi-6.8% ukuya kwi-10.1%, kwaye uzinzo oluphezulu lobushushu lwaphuculwa kakhulu; I-La kunye neCe inokuphucula kakhulu i-superplasticity ye-alloy. Ukongeza i-0.14% ~ 0.64% La ukuya kwi-Al-6Mg-0.5Mn ingxubevange yonyusa i-superplasticity ukusuka kwi-430% ukuya kwi-800% ~ 1000%; Uphononongo olucwangcisiweyo lwe-Al Si ialloy lubonisa ukuba amandla esivuno kunye namandla okugqibela e-alloy anokuba lukhulu. iphuculwe ngokongeza isixa esifanelekileyo seSc.Fig. I-3 ibonisa ukubonakala kwe-SEM ye-tensile fracture ye-Al-Si7-Mg0.8i-alloy, ebonisa ukuba yinto eqhelekileyo yokwaphuka kwe-brittle cleavage ngaphandle kwe-RE, ngelixa emva kwe-0.3% ye-RE yongezwa, isakhiwo esicacileyo se-dimple sibonakala kwi-fracture, ebonisa ukuba inobunzima obuhle kunye ne-ductility.
Umzobo 3 I-Tensile Fracture Morphology
a. Ayidityaniswanga RE;b. Yongeza i-0.3% RE
02Impembelelo yoMhlaba oRare kwiiPropati zoBubushushu obuphezulu beAlloys
Ukongeza inani elithileumhlaba onqabileyokwi-alloy ye-aluminium inokuphucula ngokufanelekileyo ubushushu obuphezulu be-oxidation ukumelana ne-aluminium alloy.Ukongeza i-1% ~ 1.5% exutywe umhlaba onqabileyo kwi-al Si eutectic alloy yonyusa amandla obushushu obuphezulu ngama-33%, amandla aphezulu okugqabhuka kobushushu (300 ℃, Iiyure ze-1000) nge-44%, kunye nokumelana nokunxiba kunye nokuzinza kweqondo lokushisa eliphezulu kuphuculwe kakhulu; Ukongeza i-La, i-Ce, i-Y kunye I-mischmetal ukuphosa i-Al Cu ingxubevange inokuphucula iipropati zobushushu obuphezulu be-alloys;I-al-8.4% eqiniswe ngokukhawuleza i-Fe-3.4% ye-Ce alloy inokusebenza ixesha elide ngaphantsi kwe-400 ℃, iphucula kakhulu ubushushu bokusebenza be-aluminium alloy; yongezwa kwialloyi yeAl Mg Si ukwenza iAl3Amasuntswana eSc angelula ukurhabula kwiqondo lobushushu eliphezulu kwaye adibanise ne-matrix ukuze aqhoboshele umda wengqolowa, ukwenzela ukuba i-alloy igcine isakhiwo esingenakulinganiswa ngexesha le-annealing, kwaye iphucula kakhulu i-high-temperature properties ye-alloy.
03 Impembelelo yoMhlaba oRare kwiiPropati ze-Optical of Alloys
Ukongeza umhlaba onqabileyo kwi-alloy ye-aluminium kunokutshintsha isakhiwo sefilimu ye-oxide engaphezulu, okwenza ukuba ubuso bukhanye kwaye buhle. 92%;Xa i-0.1% ~ 0.3% RE yongezwa kwi-Al Mg cast aluminiyam ialloy, ialloy inokufumana owona mphezulu ungcono ukugqiba kunye nokuqina kweglosi.
04 Impembelelo yoMhlaba oRare kwiiPropati zoMbane zeAlloys
Ukongeza i-RE kwi-aluminium yococeko oluphezulu kuyingozi kwi-conductivity ye-alloy, kodwa i-conductivity ingaphuculwa kwinqanaba elithile ngokongeza i-RE efanelekileyo kwi-industrial aluminium ecocekileyo kunye ne-Al Mg Si conductive alloys.Iziphumo zovavanyo zibonisa ukuba ukuqhutyelwa kwe-aluminium. inokuphuculwa nge-2% ~ 3% ngokudibanisa i-0.2% RE.Ukongeza inani elincinci le-yttrium ecebileyo yomhlaba onqabileyo kwi-Al Zr alloy inokuphucula i-conductivity yealloyi, eyamkelwe ngobuninzi beefektri zocingo zasekhaya; Yongeza umkhondo womhlaba onqabileyo kwi-aluminiyam yococeko oluphezulu ukwenza i-Al RE foil capacitor. Xa isetyenziswe kwiimveliso ze-25kV, i-index ye-capacitance iphindwe kabini, umthamo weyunithi nganye unyuswe ngamaxesha angama-5, ubunzima buyancipha ngama-47%, kwaye umthamo we-capacitor uyancipha kakhulu.
05Impembelelo yoMhlaba oRare kwi-Corrosion Resistance ye-alloy
Kwezinye iindawo zenkonzo, ngakumbi xa kukho i-chloride ion, i-alloys isengozini yokubola, i-crevice corrosion, i-corrosion yoxinzelelo kunye nokukhathala kwe-corrosion.Ukuze kuphuculwe ukuxhathisa kwe-corrosion ye-aluminium alloys, uphando oluninzi luye lwenziwa. Kufunyaniswe ukuba ukongeza isixa esifanelekileyo somhlaba onqabileyo kwi-alloys ye-aluminiyam kunokuphucula ngokufanelekileyo ukuxhathisa kwazo.Iisampulu ezenziwe ngokudibanisa izixa ezahlukeneyo zomhlaba onqabileyo oxubeneyo (0.1% ~ 0.5%) kwi-aluminiyam zifakwe emanzini anetyuwa kunye namanzi olwandle angenziweyo kangangezihlandlo ezithathu zilandelelana. iminyaka. Iziphumo zibonisa ukuba ukongeza umlinganiselo omncinci womhlaba onqabileyo kwi-aluminiyam kunokuphucula ukuxhathisa ukubola kwe-aluminiyam, kwaye ukuxhathisa ukubola kwibrine nakumanzi olwandle angengowamvelo ngama-24% kunye nama-32% aphezulu kune-aluminiyam, ngokulandelelana; umhlaba onqabileyo we-multi-component penetrant (La, Ce, njl.), umaleko wefilimu yokuguqula umhlaba onqabileyo unokwakheka kumphezulu ka-2024 ingxubevange, ukwenza umphezulu amandla electrode ingxubevange aluminiyam ithande ukufana, kunye nokuphucula ukuxhathisa umhlwa intergranular kunye nokukhula uxinzelelo;Ukongeza i-La ukuya phezulu Mg ingxubevange aluminiyam kunokuphucula ngokubonakalayo isakhono anti marine umhlwa ingxubevange; Ukongeza 1.5% ~ 2.5% Nd kwi-alloys ye-aluminium inokuphucula ukusebenza kobushushu obuphezulu, ukuqina komoya kunye nokuhlwa ukuchasana kwee-alloys, ezisetyenziswa ngokubanzi njengezinto ze-aerospace.
◆ ◆ Ukulungiselela ubuchwepheshe be-alloy aluminium yomhlaba enqabileyo ◆ ◆
Umhlaba onqabileyo wongezwa ubukhulu becala ngohlobo lweziqalelo zomkhondo kwialloyi zealuminiyam kunye nezinye ialloys. Umhlaba onqabileyo unemichiza ephezulu, indawo ephezulu yokunyibilika, kwaye kulula ukuba i-oxidized kwaye itshiswe kumaqondo aphezulu. Oku kubangele ubunzima obuthile ekulungiseleleni nasekusetyenzisweni kwe-alloys ye-aluminium enqabileyo yomhlaba.Kuphando lwexesha elide lokulinga, abantu baqhubeka behlola iindlela zokulungiselela ii-alloys ze-aluminium ezinqabileyo zomhlaba.Kungokunje, iindlela eziphambili zokuvelisa ukulungiselela i-alloys yomhlaba enqabileyo ye-aluminium. yindlela yokuxuba, indlela ye-electrolysis yetyuwa etyhidiweyo kunye nendlela yokunciphisa i-aluminothermic.
01 Indlela yokudibanisa
Indlela yokunyibilika exutyiweyo kukongeza umhlaba onqabileyo okanye uxube isinyithi somhlaba esinqabileyo kulwelo olunobushushu obuphezulu be-aluminium ngokomlinganiselo wokwenza i-master alloy okanye ialloyi yesicelo, emva koko unyibilikise i-master alloy kunye ne-aluminiyam eseleyo ngokwesibonelelo esibaliweyo kunye, ugxobhoze ngokupheleleyo kwaye usulungekise. .
02 Electrolysis
Indlela ye-electrolysis yetyuwa etyhidiweyo kukongeza i-oksidi yomhlaba enqabileyo okanye ityuwa yomhlaba enqabileyo kwiseli ye-aluminiyam ye-electrolytic kunye ne-electrolyze nge-aluminium oxide ukuvelisa umhlaba onqabileyo we-aluminium alloy.Ityuwa etyhidiweyo indlela ye-electrolysis yetyuwa iphuhliswe ngokukhawuleza e-China. Ngokubanzi, kukho iindlela ezimbini, ezizezi, indlela ye-cathode yolwelo kunye nendlela ye-electrolytic eutectoid. Okwangoku, kuye kwaphuhliswa ukuba iikhompawundi zomhlaba ezinqabileyo zinokongezwa ngokuthe ngqo kwiiseli ze-aluminium ze-industrial electrolytic, kunye ne-alloys ye-aluminium enqabileyo yomhlaba inokuveliswa nge-electrolysis ye-chloride iyancibilika ngendlela ye-eutectoid.
03 Indlela yokunciphisa i-aluminothermic
Ngenxa yokuba i-aluminium inamandla okunciphisa amandla, kwaye i-aluminium inokwenza iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-intermetallic compounds kunye nomhlaba onqabileyo, i-aluminium ingasetyenziselwa njenge-arhente yokunciphisa ukulungiselela i-alloys ye-aluminium yomhlaba enqabileyo.
RE2O3+ 6Al→2Eyokwenene2+ Al2O3
Phakathi kwazo, i-oksidi yomhlaba enqabileyo okanye i-slag ecebileyo yomhlaba enqabileyo inokusetyenziswa njengezinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba; I-arhente yokunciphisa inokuba yi-aluminium ecocekileyo ye-industrial okanye i-silicon aluminiyam; Ukushisa okuncitshiswayo yi-1400 ℃ ~ 1600 ℃. Kwinqanaba lokuqala, yaqhutywa. ngaphandle kwemeko yobukho be-arhente yokufudumeza kunye nokuhamba, kunye nokunciphisa ubushushu obuphezulu bunokubangela iingxaki ezininzi; Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, abaphandi baye bavelisa i-aluminothermic entsha. indlela yokunciphisa. Kwiqondo lokushisa elisezantsi (780 ℃), ukusabela kokunciphisa i-aluminothermic kugqitywe kwinkqubo ye-sodium fluoride kunye ne-sodium chloride, ekhusela iingxaki ezibangelwa ubushushu obuphezulu bokuqala.
◆ ◆ Inkqubela yokusetyenziswa kwengxubevange ye-aluminiyam yomhlaba enqabileyo ◆ ◆
01 Ukusetyenziswa kwe-alloyi ye-aluminiyam yomhlaba enqabileyo kwishishini lamandla
Ngenxa yeenzuzo ze-conductivity elungileyo, umthamo omkhulu wangoku, amandla aphezulu, ukumelana nokunxiba, ukusetyenzwa lula kunye nobomi benkonzo ende, i-alloy ye-aluminium enqabileyo yomhlaba ingasetyenziselwa ukwenza iintambo, imigca yokuhambisa ngaphezulu, ii-core cores, iingcingo zesilayidi kunye neengcingo ezibhityileyo. iinjongo ezikhethekileyo.Ukongeza inani elincinci le-RE kwinkqubo ye-Al Si ye-alloy inokuphucula i-conductivity, ngenxa yokuba i-silicon kwi-aluminium alloy yinto engcolileyo kunye umxholo ophezulu, onempembelelo enkulu kwiipropati zombane. Ukongeza inani elifanelekileyo lomhlaba onqabileyo kunokuphucula i-morphology ekhoyo kunye nokuhanjiswa kwe-silicon kwi-alloy, enokuphucula ngokufanelekileyo iimpawu zombane ze-aluminium; Ukongeza inani elincinci le-yttrium okanye i-yttrium ecebileyo exutywe umhlaba onqabileyo kwintambo ye-aluminium ekwazi ukumelana nobushushu. Ayinakugcina kuphela ukusebenza kakuhle kobushushu obuphezulu kodwa ikwaphucula ukusebenza; Umhlaba onqabileyo unokuphucula amandla okuqina, ukuxhathisa ubushushu kunye nokumelana nomhlwa kwealuminiyam. inkqubo yealloyi. Iintambo kunye nee-conductor ezenziwe nge-alloy aluminium enqabileyo yomhlaba inokunyusa ubude be-cable tower kunye nokwandisa ubomi benkonzo yeentambo.
02Ukusetyenziswa kwe-aluminiyam yomhlaba enqabileyo kwishishini lokwakha
I-6063 i-aluminium alloy yeyona nto isetyenziswa kakhulu kwishishini lokwakha. Ukongeza i-0.15% ~ 0.25% yomhlaba onqabileyo unokuphucula ngokubonakalayo njengesakhiwo esityhidiweyo kunye nesakhiwo sokucubungula, kwaye unokuphucula ukusebenza kwe-extrusion, umphumo wokushisa ukushisa, iipropati zomatshini, ukuxhathisa ukubola, ukusebenza kwonyango lomphezulu kunye nethoni yombala.Kufunyaniswa ukuba umhlaba onqabileyo ikakhulu isasazwe kwi-6063 i-aluminium alloyα-Al ingathathi hlangothi umda wesigaba, umda weenkozo kunye ne-interdendritic, kwaye zichithwa kwiikhompawundi okanye zikhona. ngokohlobo iikhompawundi ukucokisa ulwakhiwo dendrite kunye neenkozo, ukwenzela ukuba ubungakanani eutectic enganyibilikiyo kunye nobukhulu dimple kwindawo dimple ibe ncinane kakhulu, unikezelo iyunifomu, kwaye ukwanda koxinzelelo, ukuze iipropati ezahlukeneyo. I-alloy iphuculwe ukuya kumaqondo ahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, amandla eprofayili anyuswe ngaphezulu kwe-20%, ubude bonyuka nge-50%, kwaye izinga lokubola lincitshiswa ngokuphindwe kabini, Ubukhulu befilimu ye-oxide bunyuka nge-5% ~ 8%, kwaye ipropati yombala iyanda malunga ne-3%. Ngoko ke, iiprofayili ze-RE-6063 zokwakha i-alloy zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi.
03Ukusetyenziswa kwe-aluminiyam yomhlaba enqabileyo kwimveliso yemihla ngemihla
Ukongeza umkhondo womhlaba onqabileyo kwi-aluminiyam ecocekileyo kunye ne-Al Mg yochungechunge lwe-aluminium alloys yokusetyenziswa kwansuku zonke iimveliso ze-aluminiyam zinokuphucula kakhulu iimpawu ze-mechanical, ipropathi enzulu yokuzoba kunye nokumelana nokubola. Inkxaso yefenitshala ye-aluminiyam, iibhayisekile ze-aluminiyam, kunye nezixhobo zesixhobo sasekhaya ezenziwe nge-alloy ye-Al Mg RE ziphindwe kabini ukumelana nomhlwa, i-10% ~ 15% yokunciphisa ubunzima, i-10% ~ 20% yokunyusa isivuno, i-10% ~ 15% yokunciphisa iindleko zemveliso, kunye nomzobo onzulu ongcono kunye nokusebenza okunzulu kokusebenza xa kuthelekiswa neemveliso ze-aluminium alloy ngaphandle komhlaba onqabileyo. Okwangoku, imihla ngemihla iimfuno ezinqabileyo zomhlaba aluminiyam ialloy zisetyenziswe ngokubanzi, kwaye iimveliso ziye zanda kakhulu, kwaye zithengiswa kakuhle kwiimarike zasekhaya kunye nezangaphandle.
04 Ukusetyenziswa kwe-alloy ye-aluminium yomhlaba enqabileyo kwezinye iinkalo
Ukongeza amawaka ambalwa omhlaba onqabileyo kweyona ndawo isetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-Al Si uthotho lokuphosa ialloy kunokuphucula kakhulu ukusebenza komatshini wealloyi. Iimpawu ezininzi zeemveliso zisetyenzisiwe kwinqwelomoya, iinqanawa, iimoto, iinjini zedizili, izithuthuthu kunye nezithuthi ezixhobileyo (piston, gearbox, cylinder, instrumentation kunye nezinye iindawo). Kuphando kunye nokusetyenziswa, kufumaniseke ukuba iSc yeyona nto isebenzayo lungisa ubume kunye neepropati ze-aluminium alloys. Inokomeleza ukusabalalisa okuqinileyo, ukomeleza ukuqina kweenkozo, ukomeleza isisombululo kunye nemiphumo yokuqinisa i-microalloy kwi-aluminium, kwaye inokuphucula amandla, ubunzima, iplastiki, ukuqina, ukuxhathisa kwe-corrosion, ukumelana nobushushu, njl njl. amashishini obuchwepheshe obuphezulu obunje nge-aerospace, iinqanawa, oololiwe abahamba ngesantya esiphezulu, iimoto ezilula, njl.C557Al Mg Zr Sc. Uluhlu lwe-aluminium alloy ye-scandium ephuhliswe yi-NASA inamandla aphezulu kunye nobushushu obuphezulu kunye nokuzinza kobushushu obuphantsi kwaye isetyenziswe kwi-fuselage yenqwelomoya kunye neendawo zesakhiwo senqwelomoya; I-alloy ye-0146Al Cu Li Sc ephuhliswe yi-Russia isetyenziswe kwitanki yamafutha e-cryogenic yesiphekepheke.
Ukusuka kuMqulu wama-33, iNkupho yoku-1 yoMhlaba oRare nguWang Hui, uYang An noYun Qi
Ixesha lokuposa: Jul-05-2023