IGadilinium, inqaku lama-64 letafile yexesha.
I-Lanthehade kwiTheyibhile yeTristic lusapho olukhulu, kwaye iipropathi zabo zekhemikhali zifana kakhulu nomnye, ke kunzima ukwahlulahlula. Ngo-1789, iFinnish Chemist John Gadolin yafumana i-oxide yentsimbi kwaye yafumanisa i-Oxide yoMhlaba wokuqala -Yttrium (iii) oxideNgohlalutyo, ukuvula imbali yokufumanisa imbali yehlabathi elinqabileyo. Ngo-1880, isayensi yaseSweden Demeriak safumanisa izinto ezimbini ezintsha, enye eya kuthi yaqinisekiswa ukubaI-Sarium, kwaye enye yachongwa ngokusemthethweni njengendawo entsha, iGadalinium, emva kokuhlanjululwa yi-Fibrast ye-Februwari Bodeland.
Inqaku le-gadolinium livela kwi-Silicon Bearlinium Gerlinium Ore, elixabiso eliphantsi, elithambileyo kwi-tuctality, i-gesility enobushushu begumbi, kwaye yinto ebonakalayo yomhlaba onqabileyo. Inokuzinza ngomoya owomileyo, kodwa ilahlekelwa ngumswakama, yenza i-flake ekhutshiwe kwaye ichaphazeleke ngokulula njengee-oxiles emhlophe. Xa itshiswe emoyeni, inokuvelisa iicosi ezimhlophe. I-gadolinium iphinda iphindwe kabini ngamanzi kwaye inokunyibilika kwi-acid ukwenza iityuwa ezingenamibala. Iipropathi zekhemikhali ziyafana nakwenye i-lanthenide, kodwa iipropathi zayo ze-optic zahlukile kancinci. IGadolinium yiparamagnetism kwiqondo lobushushu kwigumbi kunye ne-ferromagnetic emva kokupholisa. Iimpawu zayo zinokusetyenziselwa ukuphucula iimagnethi ezisisigxina.
Ukusebenzisa i-paramagnetism yeGadilinium, i-Gadoliium Ageper yaveliswa iba yindawo ekhethekileyo ye-NMR. Uphando oluzinzileyo lwe-Inyletic ReceTice itekhnoloji yokubonisa sele iqalile, kwaye kukho amabhaso angama-6 ahambelana nayo. I-Nueclear Dougnetic ye-Numbernetic ibangelwa ikakhulu yintshukumo ye-atomic nuclei, kunye nentshukumo ye-spin ye-atomic nuclei iyahluka. Ngokusekwe kumaza e-elektromagnetic ekhutshwa ngokwahlukileyo kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zesakhiwo, isikhundla kunye nohlobo lwe-nutomic nuclei eyenza le nto inokugqitywa, kwaye umfanekiso wangaphakathi wento unokutsalwa. Phantsi kwesenzo se-magnetic suble, umqondiso weTekhnoloji yokuQala yeNyukliya ivela kwi-spin ye-atomic nuclei, njenge-hydrogen nuclei emanzini. Nangona kunjalo, ezi nyclei ezinobuchule bokuphakanyiswa zishushu kwicandelo le-rf kunye ne-microwave oveni, edla ngokuthi yenza buthathaka umqondiso wetekhnoloji ye-magnetic reming. I-ion ye-gadolinium ayinalo kuphela i-chin ye-chin yomeleleyo kakhulu, enceda i-spin ye-atomic nucleus, iphucula ukwamkelwa kwezicubu ezinesifo, kodwa nangokumangalisayo zihlala zipholile. Nangona kunjalo, iGadallinium inobungozi obuthile, kunye namayeza, i-ligands isetyenziselwa ukunika i-gadlinium iions ukubantela ukungena kwizicubu zabantu.
IGadolinium ineziphumo zomeleleyo zeMagnetocaloric kubushushu begumbi, kwaye iqondo lobushushu lalo liyahluka kunye nobunzulu bama-subneric frimu, ephakamisa isicelo esinomdla - ifrijiki enomdla. Ngexesha lenkqubo yokuthambisa, ngenxa yokuqhelaniswa kwe-magnetic dipole, izixhobo zemagnethi ziya kuphakama phantsi kwemagnethi yangaphandle engaphandle. Xa i-magnetic fil isusiwe kwaye inyuswe, ubushushu bezinto ezibonakalayo zinciphisa. Olu hlobo lokupholisa ubunganga lunokukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kweefriji ezinjenge freon kwaye kupholile ngokukhawuleza. Okwangoku, umhlaba uzama ukukhulisa ukusetyenziswa kweGadilinium kunye ne-alloys yayo kule ntsimi, kwaye uvelise i-magnetic encinci nefanelekileyo. Phantsi kokusetyenziswa kweGadalinium, amaqondo obushushu aphezulu anokufezekiswa, ke iGadolinium ikwabizwa ngokuba yi "isinyithi esibandayo ehlabathini".
I-gadolinium isotopes GD-155 kunye ne-GD-157 inecandelo elikhulu le-nermal neutron neutron neutron neutron neutron ye-nermal neutron ye-nermal neutron ye-nermal neutron ye-nermal ye-nerman yokufumana i-isotopes yendalo, kwaye inokusebenzisa inani elincinci le-gadlinium ukulawula ukusebenza kwesiqhelo se-nuclear. Yiyo loo nto, i-gadolidium esekwe kwi-reactors kunye ne-Gadolinium yolawulo lweDoD, enokuphucula ukhuseleko lwenyukliya ngelixa kuncitshiswa iindleko.
IGadolinium ikwanazo iipropathi ezibalaseleyo kwaye zinokusetyenziselwa ukwenza isoba, ezifanayo kwi-Deods kwisekethe, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-Deals ekhuphayo. Olu hlobo lokukhupha ukukhanya aluvumelanga ukukhanya kuphela ukuba udlule kwicala elinye, kodwa ikwabonisa ukubonakaliswa kwefayiwe yefibre, iqinisekisa ukucoceka kwamaza okukhanya. IGadilinium Gallium Pallium yenye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo ze-substical zokwenza isototoli.
IXESHA LOKUQALA: UJUL-06-2023