I-tantalelomyintsimbi yesithathu yokuphilisa emvatungstenkwayeI-Rhenium. I-Tantalelom inothotho lwezinto ezibalaseleyo ezinjengendawo ephezulu yokunyibilika, uxinzelelo olusezantsi lokusebenza, uzinzo oluphezulu lwemichiza, ukungavisisani okuphezulu kwefilimu ye-oxtive yefilimu yesigusha. Inezicelo ezibalulekileyo kwimihlaba ephezulu ye-teknoloji efana ne-elektroniki, i-metallgger, ishishini, amandla e-atom, i-atospatuc, i-athomoting, i-Aerospace, yezonyango, kunye noPhando lwezeNzululwazi. Okwangoku, ukusetyenziswa kwe-tantalum yi-tenalm capecitors.
Yafunyanwa njani iTantalelo?
Kwinkulungwane ye-7 yenkulungwane, i-Mineral efunyenwe kwi-Morgaral yaseNyakatho Melika yathunyelwa kwiMyuziyam yaseBritane ukuze igcinwe ngokukhuselekileyo. Emva kweminyaka emalunga ne-150, kude kube nge-1801, iBritish Cheshurest Charchett yamkeleke kwiMyuziyali yoHlaziyo ye-British kwaye yafumanisa into entsha kuyo, yafumana i-Iobium (kamva i-wiobium (kamva i-wiobium (kamva i-wiobium (kamva i-wiobium (kamva i-wiobium (kamva i-wiobium (kamva i-wiobium (kamva i-wiobium (kamva i-wiobium (kamva i-wiobium (kamva i-wiobium (kamva i-wiobium (kamva i-wiobium) Ngo-1802, iSwededi Chemist Anders Gustav Eckberg yafumanisa into entsha ngokuhlalutya iPeninsul (i-Niobium tantalm ore) kwi-scandinavian penide, eyayine-acid yayo iguqulwe ibe yi-fluoride iphindwe kabini kwaye iphinde yenzeke kwakhona. Wayithiya igama elinguTenal, emva koTanali, unyana kaZeus kwintsomi yamaGrike.
Ngo-1864, uChristian Wilmstrang, uHenry Edin St. Clair Devle, kwaye uLouis Josetho wangqina ukuba i-Tentalm kunye ne-Niobium zizinto ezimbini ezahlukeneyo zekhemikhali. Kwakuloo nyaka, uDerialinia wafudula i-tenallum chloride kwindawo ye-hydrogen kwaye ivelise intsimbi ye-tenalum okwesihlandlo sokuqala ngenjongo yokuphendula. I-Werner Bolton yokuqala yenze i-tenalm chalm ngo-1903. Iinzululwazi zazingowokuqala ukusebenzisa i-Crystalizalizalizalizalizalizalizalizalizalizalizalizalizalizal Le ndlela yafunyanwa ngu-Dalinia ngo-1866. Indlela esetyenziswa ziinzululwazi namhlanje kukuyiswa kwesolwvent Solvent Scoride equkethe i-fluoride.
Imbali yoPhuculo lweShishini le-Tantalm
Nangona uTatanam wafunyanwa ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-19, kwakungekho moya ka-1903 kwaveliswa i-tenallic temental kumzi-mveliso we-1922. Ngo-1922. IJapan kunye namanye amazwe oongxowankulu baqala ukukhulisa umzi-mveliso we-tentalm ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yee-1950 okanye ekuqaleni kweminyaka yo-1960. Emva kwamashumi eminyaka yophuhliso, ukuveliswa kwemveliso ye-tentalm yehlabathi kufikelele kwinqanaba elithile. Ukusukela ngonyaka we-1990s, kuye kwakho iinkampani ezintathu ze-tenalm eziphambili: Iqela lekhabothi elivela eUnited States, iqela le-HCST livela eJamani, kunye ne-wingxia i-niental tantalm i-tenalm ivela kwi-CO. La maqela mathathu avelisa ngaphezulu kwe-80% yemveliso ye-tenalm yehlabathi. Iimveliso, itekhnoloji yenkqubo, kunye nenqanaba lezixhobo zomzi-mveliso we-tenalm phesheya ziphezulu, ezihlangabezana neemfuno zophuhliso olukhawulezileyo lweSayensi yeHlabathi yeSayensi yeHlabathi yeSayensi yeHlabathi yeSayensi yeHlabathi neTekhnoloji.
Umzi-mveliso we-tenalm e-China waqala ngo-1960. Kwinqanaba lokuqala le-tenalm inyibilikayo kunye nokuqhubekeka e-China, inqanaba lemveliso, inqanaba lezobuchwephesha, iBakala leMveliso, iBakala leMveliso, kunye nomgangatho babengasemva kwamazwe ahambele phambili. Ukusukela ngonyaka we-1990s, ngakumbi ukusukela ngo-1995, ukuveliswa nokusetyenziswa kweTanalm eTshayina kubonakalise imeko yokuphucula ngokukhawuleza. Kule mihla, ishishini lika-China le-China liphumeze inguqu ukusuka kwinqanaba elincinci ukuya kuthi ga, isuka emkhosini ukuya kuthi ga emkhosini, kwaye ingaphandle kwenkqubo yemizi-mveliso esuka kwimigodi, ukunyibilikisa, ukuqhubekeka kwesicelo. Iimveliso eziphakamileyo, eziphakathi, kunye ne-ephantsi kunye nemakethi yelizwe lonke kuzo zonke iinkalo. I-China iye yaba lilizwe lesithathu elinamandla kwihlabathi elikwi-tentalm linyibilikihla kunye nokulungiswa kwamazwe aphambili ehlabathi.
Inqanaba lophuhliso lomzi-mveliso we-tenalm e-China
Ukuphuhliswa komgangatho we-chinalim waseTshayina ujongene neengxaki ezithile. Ukuba kukho ukunqongophala kwezinto ezingafunekiyo kunye nokunqongophala kwezixhobo. Iimpawu zoncedo lwe-China ezingqinisisiweyo ze-China zisasazekile izimbiwa, ukwakhiwa kweeminerals ezinobunzima, iBanga le-TA2O5 kwi-ore ye-ore, kunye nezixhobo ze-Mineral ze-Mineral, kunye ne-Mineral ye-Mineral, kunye nokwenza ukuba kube nzima ukwakha iminwe enkulu kwakhona. Nangona i-tental enkuluI-NiobiumIidipozithi zifunyenwe kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iimeko ezinemidla yengqondo kunye neemidla, kunye novavanyo lwezoqoqosho, azicacanga. Ke ngoko, kukho imiba ebalulekileyo malunga nokunikezelwa kwezinto eziphambili ze-tenalm engu-china.
Umzi-mveliso we-tenalm e-China ujamelene nomnye umceli mngeni, eyinto engonelanga yokufumana iimveliso zetekhnoloji ephezulu. Ayinakuphikiswa ukuba nangona izixhobo ze-China ze-China zenze inkqubela phambili kwaye zinemikhono yokuvelisa i-voltage ye-voltage, i-tenalm ye-temeontund i-temicontur i-semicontur inzima. Ngenxa yokusetyenziswa okuphantsi kunye namandla okuqhuba awonelanga kwimizi-mveliso ye-teknoloji ye-teknoloji ephezulu, ukuphuculwa kweemveliso zetekhnoloji ephezulu kumzi-mveliso we-chinasum ochaphazelekayo. Ngokwembono yamashishini, ukuphuhliswa komzi-mveliso we-Tantalm akunazo izikhokelo nemigaqo. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, amashishini okulungisa amashishini aphuhliswe ngokukhawuleza ukusuka kwi-5 ukuya kwi-20, ngokuphindaphindayo okwakhiwa kunye nokungabi nako ukungasebenzi kakuhle.
Kwiminyaka yentsebenziswano yezizwe, amashishini e-Chinanam aphucule iinkqubo kunye nezixhobo, ukwanda kwemveliso, ezahlukeneyo, kunye nomgangatho wemveliso enkulu ye-tentalm kunye namazwe afanelekileyo. Logama nje sizisombulula iingxaki zezinto ezingafunekiyo, ukuqhubela phambili kweemveliso zetekhnoloji ephezulu, kunye nolwakhiwo ngokutsha kwimizi-mveliso, ishishini le-China, ishishini lase-China liya kufaka igalelo lamandla ehlabathi.
IXESHA LOKUQALA: UPE-05-2024