Tantalumyintsimbi yesithathu ephikisayo emvai-tungstenkwayeirhenium. I-Tantalum inoluhlu lweempawu ezigqwesileyo njengendawo yokunyibilika ephezulu, uxinzelelo lomphunga oluphantsi, ukusebenza kakuhle okubandayo okubandayo, ukuzinza okuphezulu kweekhemikhali, ukuchasana okunamandla kwi-corrosion yesinyithi, kunye nefilimu ephezulu ye-dielectric yefilimu ye-oxide. Inezicelo ezibalulekileyo kwiinkalo zobugcisa obuphezulu ezifana ne-electronics, i-metallurgy, intsimbi, imboni yeekhemikhali, i-alloys enzima, amandla e-athomu, iteknoloji ye-superconducting, i-automotive electronics, i-aerospace, unyango kunye nempilo, kunye nophando lwezenzululwazi. Okwangoku, isicelo esiphambili se-tantalum yi-tantalum capacitors.
Yafunyanwa njani i-tantalum?
Embindini wenkulungwane yesi-7, iminerali emnyama enzima eyafunyanwa kuMntla Melika yathunyelwa kwiMyuziyam yaseBritane ukuze igcinwe. Emva kweminyaka emalunga ne-150, de kwangowe-1801, usokhemisti waseBritane uCharles Hatchett wamkela umsebenzi wohlalutyo lwesi minerali kwiMyuziyam yaseBritane waze wafumana into entsha kuyo, wayibiza ngokuba yiColumbium (kamva eyathiywa ngokuba yiNiobium). Ngo-1802, usokhemisti waseSweden u-Anders Gustav Eckberg wafumanisa into entsha ngokuhlalutya iminerali (i-niobium tantalum ore) kuSingasiqithi weScandinavia, eyayineasidi yayo eguqulelwe kwityuwa ephindwe kabini yefluoride yaza yaphinda yaphinda yaphinda yafakwa kwikristale. Le nto wayibiza ngokuba yiTantalum ngoTantalus, unyana kaZeyus kwintsomi yamaGrike.
Kwi-1864, umKristu uWilliam Blomstrang, uHenry Edin St. Kwangalo nyaka, i-Demalinia yafudumeza i-tantalum chloride kwindawo ye-hydrogen kwaye yavelisa isinyithi se-tantalum okokuqala ngqa ngokusabela kokunciphisa. UWerner Bolton waqala ukwenza intsimbi ecocekileyo ye-tantalum ngo-1903. Izazinzulu zaba zezokuqala ukusebenzisa indlela yecrystallization ene layered ukukhupha i-tantalum kwi-niobium. Le ndlela yafunyanwa nguDemalinia ngo-1866. Indlela esetyenziswa zizazinzulu namhlanje kukutsalwa kwe-solvent ye-tantalum solutions enefluoride.
Imbali yophuhliso loshishino lwetantalum
Nangona i-tantalum yafunyanwa ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-19, akuzange kube ngowe-1903 apho i-metallic tantalum yaveliswa, kwaye imveliso ye-tantalum yaqala ngo-1922. 1956. I-United States yaba lilizwe lokuqala ehlabathini ukuvelisa i-tantalum, kwaye yaqala ukuveliswa kwemveliso ye-metallic tantalum ngo-1922. I-Japan kunye namanye amazwe ongxowankulu aqala ukuphuhlisa ishishini le-tantalum ekupheleni kwe-1950s okanye ekuqaleni kwee-1960s. Emva kwamashumi eminyaka yophuhliso, imveliso ye-tantalum yehlabathi ifikelele kwinqanaba elikhulu. Ukusukela ngeminyaka yoo-1990, bekukho iinkampani ezintathu eziphambili zokuvelisa i-tantalum: IQela leCabot elivela eUnited States, iQela leHCST elivela eJamani, kunye neNingxia Oriental Tantalum Industry Co., Ltd. evela eTshayina. La maqela mathathu avelisa ngaphezulu kwe-80% yeemveliso zetantalum zehlabathi. Iimveliso, itekhnoloji yenkqubo, kunye nenqanaba lezixhobo zeshishini le-tantalum phesheya liphezulu ngokubanzi, elihlangabezana neemfuno zophuhliso olukhawulezayo lwenzululwazi yehlabathi kunye nobuchwepheshe.
Ishishini le-tantalum eTshayina laqala ngeminyaka yoo-1960. Kwinqanaba lokuqala lokunyibilikiswa kwe-tantalum kunye nokusetyenzwa eTshayina, isikali semveliso, inqanaba letekhnoloji, ibakala lemveliso, kunye nomgangatho zazisemva kakhulu kwezo zamazwe aphuhlileyo. Ukususela ngo-1990, ngakumbi ukususela ngo-1995, ukuveliswa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-tantalum e-China kubonise uphuhliso olukhawulezayo. Kule mihla, ishishini le-tantalum laseTshayina liphumelele inguqu ukusuka kwincinci ukuya enkulu, ukusuka emkhosini ukuya kuluntu, kwaye ukusuka ngaphakathi ukuya ngaphandle, ukwenza inkqubo yoshishino yehlabathi kuphela ukusuka kwimigodi, ukunyibilikisa, ukusetyenzwa ukuya kwisicelo. Iimveliso eziphezulu, eziphakathi, nezinesiphelo esisezantsi zingene kwimarike yamazwe ngamazwe kuzo zonke iinkalo. I-China iye yaba lilizwe lesithathu elomeleleyo kwihlabathi ekunyibilikeni kwe-tantalum kunye nokusetyenzwa kwayo, kwaye ingene kuluhlu lwamazwe amakhulu ehlabathi kushishino lwe-tantalum.
Ubume boPhuhliso loShishino lweTantalum eChina
Uphuhliso loshishino lwaseTshayina lwe-tantalum lujongene neengxaki ezithile. Ukuba kukho ukunqongophala kwemathiriyeli ekrwada kunye noovimba bezibonelelo ezinqabileyo. Iimpawu zemithombo ye-tantalum engqiniweyo yaseTshayina ichithachithekile imithambo yezimbiwa, ukubunjwa kwezimbiwa ezintsonkothileyo, inqanaba eliphantsi leTa2O5 kwintsimbi yokuqala, ubungakanani bamasuntswana atyebileyo obubambekayo, kunye nemithombo yezoqoqosho enyiniweyo, okwenza kube nzima ukwakha imigodi emikhulu kwakhona. Nangona i-tantalum enkuluniobiumiidiphozithi zifunyenwe kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iimeko zejoloji kunye nezimbiwa ezineenkcukacha, kunye novavanyo lwezoqoqosho, azicacanga. Ke ngoko, kukho imiba ebalulekileyo ngobonelelo lwezixhobo zokuqala zetantalum eTshayina.
Ishishini le-tantalum eTshayina likwajongene nomnye umngeni, ongonelanga lophuhliso lwemveliso yobugcisa obuphezulu. Akunakuphikiswa ukuba nangona iteknoloji yeshishini le-tantalum yaseTshayina kunye nezixhobo zenze inkqubela enkulu kwaye zinamandla okuvelisa ukuvelisa uluhlu olupheleleyo lweemveliso ze-tantalum, imeko ehlazo yobunzima phakathi ukuya ekupheleni okuphantsi kunye nomthamo onganelanga wemveliso ephezulu. iimveliso ezifana nomthamo ophezulu ophezulu we-voltage tantalum powder kunye nezixhobo ezijoliswe kwi-tantalum ze-semiconductors kunzima ukubuyisela umva. Ngenxa yokusetyenziswa okuphantsi kunye nokungonelanga kwamandla okuqhuba kumashishini asekhaya akumgangatho ophezulu, uphuhliso lweemveliso zobuchwepheshe obuphezulu kushishino lwaseTshayina lwetantalum luchaphazelekile. Ngokwembono yamashishini, uphuhliso lweshishini le-tantalum alunasikhokelo kunye nolawulo. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, amashishini okunyibilikisa kunye nokulungisa i-tantalum aphuhliswe ngokukhawuleza ukusuka kwi-5 ukuya kwi-20 yokuqala, kunye nokuphindaphinda okunzulu kolwakhiwo kunye nomthamo obalaseleyo.
Kwiminyaka yokusebenza kwezizwe ngezizwe, amashishini e-tantalum aseTshayina aziphucule iinkqubo zawo kunye nezixhobo, anyusa isikali semveliso, iintlobo ngeentlobo, kunye nomgangatho, kwaye angena kuluhlu lwemveliso enkulu ye-tantalum kunye namazwe osetyenziso. Logama siqhubeka sisombulula iingxaki zemathiriyeli ekrwada, ukwenziwa kwemizi-mveliso yeemveliso zobugcisa obuphezulu, kunye nohlengahlengiso lwemizi-mveliso, ishishini laseTshayina le-tantalum ngokuqinisekileyo liya kungena kwizintlu zamagunya ehlabathi.
Ixesha lokuposa: Sep-05-2024