Lanthanum, isiqalelo sama-57 soluhlu lweperiodic.
Ukuze kwenziwe i-periodic table yezinto ibonakale ihambelana ngakumbi, abantu bakhupha iindidi ezili-15 zeelementi, kuquka i-lanthanum, inani layo le-Atomic liyanyuka ngokulandelelana, kwaye bazibeke ngokwahlukeneyo phantsi kwetafile yeperiodikhi. Iimpawu zabo zeekhemikhali ziyafana. Babelana ngelathisi yesithathu kumqolo wesithandathu wetafile yeperiodikhi, ekubhekiselwa kuyo ngokudibeneyo njenge "Lanthanide" kwaye yeye "ziqalelo zomhlaba ezinqabileyo". Njengoko igama libonisa, umxholo we-lanthanum kwi-crust yomhlaba uphantsi kakhulu, okwesibini kuphela kwi-cerium.
Ekupheleni kuka-1838, i-chemist yaseSweden uMossander yabhekisela kwi-oxide entsha njengomhlaba we-lanthanide kunye ne-element njenge-lanthanum. Nangona isiphelo siye saqatshelwa zizazinzulu ezininzi, uMossander usenamathandabuzo malunga neziphumo zakhe ezipapashiweyo kuba wabona imibala eyahlukileyo kuvavanyo: ngamanye amaxesha i-lanthanum ibonakala ngomfusa obomvu, ngamanye amaxesha imhlophe, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ipinki njengento yesithathu. Ezi ziganeko zamenza wakholelwa ukuba i-lanthanum ingaba ngumxube onjenge-cerium.
Isinyithi seLanthanumsisinyithi esithambileyo esimhlophe esisilivere esinokwenziwa, solulwe, sisikwe ngemela, sidle ngokucothayo emanzini abandayo, sichaphazeleke ngamandla emanzini ashushu, kwaye sinokukhupha igesi yehydrogen. Inokusabela ngokuthe ngqo ngezinto ezininzi ezingezizo ezentsimbi ezifana nekhabhoni, initrogen, iboron, iselenium, njl.
I-amorphous powder emhlophe kunye ne-nonmagneticI-Lanthanum oxideisetyenziswa kakhulu kwimveliso yemizi-mveliso. Abantu basebenzisa i-lanthanum endaweni yesodium kunye ne-calcium ukwenza i-bentonite eguquliweyo, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-agent yokuvala i-phosphorus.
I-Eutrophication yomzimba wamanzi ibangelwa ubukhulu becala kwi-phosphorus element emzimbeni wamanzi, eya kukhokelela ekukhuleni kwe-algae eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kwaye idle i-oksijini enyibilikisiweyo emanzini, okukhokelela ekubulaweni kweentlanzi. Ukuba awaphathwanga ngexesha, amanzi aya kunuka kwaye umgangatho wamanzi uya kuba mbi. Ukukhutshwa ngokuqhubekayo kwamanzi asekhaya kunye nokusetyenziswa ngokugqithiseleyo kwe-phosphorus equkethe izichumisi kuye kwandise ukuxinwa kwe-phosphorus emanzini. I-bentonite eguquliweyo equkethe i-lanthanum yongezwa emanzini kwaye inokubhengeza ngokufanelekileyo i-phosphorus engaphezulu kwamanzi njengoko ihlala phantsi. Xa ihleli phantsi, inokuphinda idlulise i-phosphorus ku-interface yomhlaba wamanzi, ithintele ukukhutshwa kwe-phosphorus kwi-sludge ephantsi kwamanzi, kwaye ilawule umxholo we-phosphorus emanzini, ngokukodwa, inokwenza i-phosphorus element ibambe i-phosphate kwi. uhlobo lwe-hydrates ye-lanthanum phosphate, ukuze i-algae ingakwazi ukusebenzisa i-phosphorus emanzini, ngaloo ndlela inqanda ukukhula kunye nokuveliswa kwe-algae eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kunye nokusombulula ngokufanelekileyo i-Eutrophication ebangelwa yi-phosphorus kumanzi ahlukeneyo njengamachibi, amachibi kunye nemilambo.
Ukucoceka okuphezuluI-Lanthanum oxideingasetyenziselwa ukwenza iilensi ezichanekileyo kunye neebhodi eziphezulu zefiber optical fiber. ILanthanum inokusetyenziselwa ukwenza isixhobo sombono ebusuku, ukuze amajoni akwazi ukugqiba imisebenzi yokulwa ebusuku njengoko esenza emini. I-Lanthanum oxide ingasetyenziselwa ukwenza i-Ceramic capacitor, i-piezoelectric ceramics kunye ne-X-ray luminescent materials.
Xa uphonononga ezinye amafutha efosili, abantu bagxile kumandla acocekileyo e-hydrogen, kwaye izinto zokugcina i-hydrogen zizitshixo zokusetyenziswa kwe-hydrogen. Ngenxa yokutsha kunye nendalo eqhumayo ye-hydrogen, iisilinda zokugcina i-hydrogen zinokubonakala zibhidekile kakhulu. Ngokuhlola okuqhubekayo, abantu bafumanisa ukuba i-Lanthanum-nickel alloy, i-metal hydrogen yokugcina izinto, inamandla amakhulu okubamba i-hydrogen. Inokuthi ibambe iiathom zehydrogen kwaye ibolise kwiiathom zehydrogen, emva koko igcine iiathom zehydrogen kwisithuba selattice yesinyithi ukwenza ihydride yesinyithi. Xa ezi hydrides zetsimbi zifudunyezwa, ziya kubola kwaye zikhuphe i-hydrogen, elingana nesikhongozelo sokugcina i-hydrogen, kodwa umthamo kunye nobunzima zincinci kakhulu kunezisilinda zentsimbi, ngoko zinokusetyenziselwa ukwenza izixhobo ze-anode zeNikeli etshajwayo. -ibhetri ye-metal hydride kunye nezithuthi zombane ezixutyiweyo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-01-2023