AImemo eqhelekileyo kukuba ukuba ioyile ligazi leshishini, emva kokoumhlaba onqabileyoyi-vitamin yomzi mveliso.
Umhlaba onqabileyosisishwankathelo seqela leentsimbi.Umhlaba onqabileyoIzinto, iREE) zifunyenwe enye emva kwenye enye ukuphela kwenkulungwane ye-18. Kukho iintlobo ezili-17 zeRE, kubandakanya ne-15 Lant'nades kwitheyibhile yamaxesha ngamachiza eImichiza-i-lanthanum(LA),i-cerium(CE),I-Praseodziyoium(Pr),I-Neodmium. Phantse yonke iminyaka engama-3-5, izazinzulu zinokufumana ukusetyenziswa okutsha komhlaba onqabileyo, kwaye inye kuzo zonke izinto ezintandathu azikwazi ukwahlukaniswaumhlaba onqabileyo.
I-China ityebile ngaphakathiumhlaba onqabileyoIiminerali, ezikwinqanaba lokuqala kwiLizwe ezintathu: Eyokuqala kuLondolozo, i-Accounting malunga ne-23%; Iziphumo ngulowokuqala, obalo mali nge-80% ukuya kwi-90% yezinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba onqabileyo emhlabeni; Umthamo wokuthengisa nguwe okokuqala, ngama-60% ukuya kwi-70% yeemveliso zomhlaba onqabileyo emaphandleni. Kwangelo xesha, i-China lilizwe kuphela elinokubonelela zonke iintlobo ze-17 zomhlaba onqabileyo, ngakumbiumhlaba onqabileyoNgesabelo semikhosi esemkhosini.china sinomdla.
RnguMhlabasisixhobo esixabisekileyo sobuchule, esaziwa ngokuba "yi-motormied monosodium glutamate" kunye "ne" mama wezixhobo ezitsha ", kwaye asetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwimfundo enqamlezileyo kunye netekhnoloji kunye netekhnoloji kunye netekhnoloji kunye netekhnoloji kunye netekhnoloji kunye nezobuchwepheshe. NgokweCandelo loMphathiswa Wezolimi kunye neTekhnoloji yoLwazi, izinto eziSebenzayo ezinjeumhlaba onqabileyoImagnethi esisigxina, ukugcinwa kwe-LUMGENCEN, i-HYDRANGENS kwaye i-Catalysis ibaluleke kakhulu kwimizi-mveliso ye-teknoloji efana nemveliso ye-Applic, i-Perochemical, uMzi-mveliso omtsha, ukukhusela okusingqongileyo, ezolimo, ezolimo, ezolimo, ezolimo, ezolimo, ezolimo, ezolimo, ezolimo, ezolimo, ezolimo, ezolimo, ezolimo, ezolimo kunye nokuloba. .
Kwangoko ngo-1983, iJapan yazisa ngenkqubo yokuLondolozwa kweZiko leMinerali eRave, kunye ne-83% yekhayaumhlaba onqabileyoivela e China.
Jonga iUnited States kwakhona, yayoumhlaba onqabileyoIindawo zokugcina zisesibini kuphela eTshayina, kodwaumhlaba onqabileyoZonke ukukhanyaumhlaba onqabileyo, eyahlulwe yaba nzimaumhlaba onqabileyokwaye umhlaba onqabileyo onqabileyo. Inzimaumhlaba onqabileyozibiza kakhulu, kwaye umhlaba onqabileyo akanawoumhlaba onqabileyongabantu beli shishini. I-80% yethuumhlaba onqabileyoUkungenisa elizweni ivela eTshayina.
I-comrade deng xiaopdaing xa ithe: "Kukho ioyile kwi-Middle East kwayeumhlaba onqabileyoe China.umhlaba onqabileyoIzixhobo, kuye kwaba nesicwangciso esiliqili sikazwelonke esibizelwe ngabantu abaninzi abanezicinga eziphakamileyo kule minyaka idlulileyo ukukhusela ixabisekileyoumhlaba onqabileyoIzixhobo zokungathengiswa ngemfazwe kwaye zathunyelwa kumazwe aseNtshona. Ngo-1992, i-deng xiaoping ngokucacileyo ichaze imeko ye-China njengento enkuluumhlaba onqabileyoilizwe.
Uluhlu lokusetyenziswa kwe-17 elinqabileyo
1.i-lanthanumisetyenziswa kwizixhobo ze-alloy kunye neefilimu zezolimo
2.I-ceriumisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiglasi yemoto
3 I-Praseodziyoiumisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwi-pigments ye-ceramic
4.I-Neodmiumisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwizixhobo ze-aerospace
I-5.
6. UkukhangelaI-SariumKwi-atomic man
7I-EuropiumI-lenses yemveliso kunye nemiboniso yekristale ye-freetal
8.IGadiliniumI-agneticance yonyango ye-magnetic icinga
9.I-Terbiumisetyenziswa kumlawuli wenqwelo moya
10.I-erbiumisetyenziswa kwi-Laser Driber kwiMicimbi yezeMkhosi
11.Dysprosiumisetyenziswa njengomthombo wokukhanyisa ifilimu kunye nokuprinta
12.IHolmiumisetyenziselwa ukwenza izixhobo zonxibelelwano ezibonakalayo
13.Guliumisetyenziselwa ukuxilongwa kweklinikhi kunye nonyango lwamathumba
14.YtterbiumI-Ackisication yento yememori yekhompyuter
15.UkusebenzisalutitiumKwitekhnoloji yebhetri ye-Energy
16.YttriumYenza iingcingo kunye neendidi zenqwelomoya
17.Isikaliihlala isetyenziselwa ukwenza izabelo
Iinkcukacha zezi zilandelayo:
1
I-lanthanum(LA)
Kwimfazwe ye-Gulf, isixhobo sombono ebusukuumhlaba onqabileyointoi-lanthanumyaba ngumthombo onamandla weetanki zase-US.Imifanekiso engentla ibonisaI-lanthanum chlorideumgubo (imephu yedatha)
I-lanthanumIsetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwizixhobo ze-piezoelectric, izixhobo ze-elektronelmal, izixhobo ze-thernetoection, izixhobo ze-magnescection, izixhobo zokugcina i-LUMNERNER, izixhobo ze-hydrogen, izixhobo ze-hydrogen, izixhobo ezahlukeneyo zesabelo, njl.I-lanthanumikwasetyenziswa kwi-catalysts ukulungiselela ukulungiswa kweemveliso ezininzi zekhemikhali, izazinzulu ziyigamai-lanthanum"I-calcium ye-supercium" ngenxa yefuthe layo kwizityalo.
2
I-cerium(CE)
I-ceriuminokusetyenziswa njengokukhulisa, i-arc electrode kunye neglasi ekhethekileyo.I-cerium alloyIxhathisa ubushushu obuphezulu kwaye inokusetyenziselwa ukwenza iinxalenye ze-Jet Propulsion (imephu yedatha)
(1)I-cerium, Njengomntu owongeziweyo weglasi, unokufumana i-ulraviolet kunye ne-infrared rays, kwaye isetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwi-Automobile Glasi. Ngo-1996, ubuncinci iitoni ezingama-2000 zeCuria zasetyenziswa kwiglasi yemoto, kunye neetoni ezingaphezu kwe-1000 eUnited States.
(2) Okwangoku,i-ceriumIsetyenziselwa ukufuduswa kwezemoto ecocekileyo, nto leyo inokuthintela ngokufanelekileyo isixa esikhulu serhasi yokuphelisa imoto ukuba ikhutshwe emoyeni. Ukusetyenziswa kweI-ceriumkwiakhawunti yase-United States kwisithathu sesithathu sokusebenzisa itotali yeumhlaba onqabileyo.
. Ingasetyenziselwa ukwenza imibala yeplastiki, i-cayishini, i-inki kunye nephepha lephepha.at, inkampani ekhokelayo, inkampani ekhokelayo i-French Rhone.
(4) I-4) Ingasetyenziselwa ukufumana izixhobo zebhayiloji kunye namayeza ngokubeka esweni uxinzelelo lwe-tryptophan.I-ceriumisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kumasimi amaninzi. Phantse zonke izicelo zomhlaba ezinqabileyo zomhlaba ziqulathei-cerium.Umntu ophumileyo wePollecle, izixhobo zokugcina i-hydrogen, izixhobo ze-thermoelecric,i-ceriumI-Tungsten electrodeni, i-cacimic caphitors, i-piezoelectric cleramics,i-cerium I-Silicon carbideI-Abransives, i-Fuel I-Pill ASST, I-PATOLINSSSTS, i-Petroline ye-Pematic, izixhobo ze-manetic ezisisigxina, izithole ezahlukeneyo ze -aly kunye nezinyithi ezingengongabi.
3
I-Praseodziyoium(Pr)
(1)I-Praseodziyoiumisetyenziswa ngokubanzi ekwakheni i-ceramics kunye nokusetyenziswa kwemihla ngemihla. Ingaxubene ne-ceramic glaze ukwenza umbala wombala, kwaye inokusetyenziswa njengemibala engaphantsi. I-pigment ityheli etyheli kunye nombala ococekileyo nohlekisayo.
(2) Isetyenziselwa ukwenza amazibhlo esisigxinaI-PraseodziyoiumkwayeI-neodiyoum yentsimbiendaweni yokucocekaI-neodiyoum yentsimbiUkwenza izinto ezisisigxina zemagnethi, ukuxhathisa ioksijini yayo kunye neepropathi zoomatshini ngokucacileyo kuyaphuculwa, kwaye kunokuqhutywa yimagnethi yeemilo ezahlukeneyo.it kusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwizixhobo ezahlukeneyo ze-elektroniki kunye nemali.
.I-PraseodziyoiumkwayeI-NeodmiumKwi-YOOOOOELIR MOLERAN SINERUS ukulungiselela i-Petroleum Catalyst.china yaqala ukunxiba ukusetyenziswa kwemizi-mveliso kwiminyaka yoo-1970, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kuyanda.
(4)I-Praseodziyoiuminokusetyenziselwa i-abresive Pollings.In,I-Praseodziyoiumisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwintsimi yefibre.
4
I-Neodmium(i-ND)
Kutheni le nto i-M1 inokuthi ifumaneke kuqala? Itanki ixhotywe nge-ND: I-YAG Laser Drinder, enokufikelela kuluhlu lweemitha ezingama-4000 kwimephu yasemini ecacileyo (imephu yedatha)
Ngokuzalwa kweI-Praseodziyoium,I-Neodmiumwangena. Ukufika kwe-neodiyoum kwenza iumhlaba onqabileyoIntsimi, idlale indima ebalulekileyo kwintsimi yomhlaba onqabileyo, kwaye iphembeleleumhlaba onqabileyoIntengiso.
I-Neodmiumube yindawo eshushu kwintengiso iminyaka emininzi ngenxa yesikhundla sayo esikhethekileyo kwintsimi yeumhlaba onqabileyo.Owona msebenzisi mkhulu weI-neodiyoum yentsimbiNgaba i-nyanigy yesigxina yemagnethi. Ukufika kwemagnethi ye-NDINEB esisigxina ye-thnets inamathele kubuchule obutsha kwicandelo leTekhnoloji enqabileyo. I-nyanirnet ibizwa ngokuba yi "ngukumkani osisigxina" ngenxa yemveliso yamandla ayo ephezulu ye-magnetic.it isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwi-elektroniki, oomatshini kunye namanye amashishini entsebenzo ebalaseleyo. Uphuhliso oluphumelelayo luka-Alfanetic SpecTicic Spectrometer lubonisa ukuba iipropathi zemagneti zeMagazini yeNDFEB e-China zingene kwinqanaba lehlabathi.I-neodiyoum iIsetyenziswe kwizinto ezingengobuhlungu. Ukongeza i-1.5-2.5% Negsium kwi-magnesium okanye i-alloum alloy inokuphucula umsebenzi wobushushu obuphezulu, ukuqina komoya kunye nokuxhaphaza komoya kunye nokunganyangeki kwe-Allosty. Ukongeza, i-neodmium ye-nettrium ye-geminum ganum ivelisa i-lave-waves ye-wawer beam, esetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwi-welding kunye nokusika izixhobo ezincinci ezinobunzima obungaphantsi kwe-10mm. Kunyango lonyango, i-ND: I-Yag Laser isetyenziselwa ukususa ugqirha okanye inxeba le-dismI-Neodmiumisetyenziselwa ukufaka imibala kunye nezinto ze-ceramic kwaye njengezongezo zeemveliso zerabha.
5
I-PROGIIM (PM)
Iprometium yindawo yerediyo yerediyo eveliswa yi-Nulelear Reactors (imephu yedatha)
(1) inokusetyenziswa njengoMthombo wobushushu. Nika amandla ancedisayo ukuba kufunyenwe i-vacuum kunye nesatellite ye-atellial.
. Njengombane obonelela ngezixhobo ezikhutshwayo kunye neewotshi. Olu hlobo lwebhetri luncinci ngobukhulu kwaye lungasetyenziswa rhoqo iminyaka eliqela. Ukongeza, iprometium ikwasetyenziswa kwisixhobo esiphathwayo se-x ray, ukulungiselela iphosphor, imilinganiselo yobunzima kunye nesibane se-beacon.
6
I-Sarium(I-sm)
I-sarium yentsimbi(Imephu yedatha)
SmItyheli etyheli, kwaye yindawo eluhlaza yemagnethi ye-SM-Compt, kwaye i-SM-CO Magnet yomhlaba onqabileyo wasemhlabeni uMagnet osetyenziswe kumzi-mveliso. Zimbini iintlobo zeMagnets ezisisigxina: Inkqubo yeSMO5 kunye neSM2CO17 yenkqubo. Ebutsheni beminyaka yee-1970, inkqubo ye-SMCO5 yaqanjwa, kwaye inkqubo ye-SM27 yaqanjwa kwixesha elizayo. Ngoku imfuno ye yokugqibela inikwa kuqala. Ubunyulu beI-Sarium Oxideisetyenziswe ngaphakathiI-SariumI-Cobalt Magnet akufuneki iphakame kakhulu. Ukujonga iindleko, ubukhulu becala usebenzisa malunga ne-95% yeemveliso. Ukwengeza,I-Sarium Oxideikwasetyenziswa kwi-cacimic candlakos kunye ne-catalysts. Ukwengeza,I-SariumInepropathi yenyukliya, enokusetyenziswa njengezinto zokwakha, izixhobo ezikhuselayo kunye nezinto zokulawula ii-atomic amandla, ukuze amandla amakhulu oveliswe yinyukliya ingasetyenziswa ngokukhuselekileyo.
7
I-Europium(I-EU)
I-Europim Oxideumgubo (imephu yedatha)
I-Europim Oxideikakhulu isetyenziselwa iiphosphors (imephu yedatha)
Ngo-1901, uEugene-Antolemertay wafumanisa into entsha "I-Sarium", ogama linguI-Europium. Oku kuthetha ukuba emva kwegama i-Europe.I-Europim Oxideikakhulu isetyenziselwa umgubo we-fluorescent. I-EU3 + isetyenziswa njengokuqinisekiswa kwephosphor ebomvu, kwaye i-EU2 + isetyenziswa njenge phosphor eluhlaza. Ngoku y2o2S: I-EU3 + yeyona phosphor ilungileyo kwi-LUMOOOT YOKUGQIBELA, UKUTHENGA UKUKHUSELEKA KUNYE NOKUFUNDA NGOKUGQIBELAI-Europim Oxideisetyenzisiwe njenge phosser ekhutshiweyo yePission yeNkqubo entsha yoNyango lwe-X-Ray kwiminyaka yakutshanje.I-Europim OxideIngasetyenziselwa ukwenza imibala enemibala kunye neefilitha ze-optic, ze-gomagic buble, inokubonisa italente yayo kwizinto zokulawula, izinto ezikhuselayo kunye nezinto zokwakhiwa kweatom.
8
IGadilinium(GD)
IGadiliniumkwaye isotopes yayo yeyona i-absensi esebenzayo kakhulu ye-neutron kwaye inokusetyenziswa njengabathinteli be-nuclear. (Imephu yedatha)
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(3)IGadilinium in IGadiliniumI-Gallium Pagenet yindawo entle yenkumbulo ye-bubble.
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(6) isetyenziswa njengesongezoI-SariumI-Cobalt Magnet yokuqinisekisa ukuba ukusebenza akutshintshanga nobushushu.
9
I-Terbium(I-TB)
I-Terbim Oxideumgubo (imephu yedatha)
Ukusetyenziswa kweI-TerbiumUbukhulu becala ubandakanya intsimi ye-tektie-tektie-teknoloji, eyiprojekthi yokusika itekhnoloji yeTekhnoloji kwaye inobuchule, kunye neprojekthi yezibonelelo zoqoqosho ezimangalisayo, kunye nethemba lokuphuhlisa elinomtsalane.
.I-Terbium-I-Inrium ye-ciesium-magnesium ye-Agmiilium ye-matrix, ethi ikhuphe ukukhanya okuhlaza okwesiqhelo kwimo yochulumancisayo.
(2) Izixhobo zokugcina i-magneto. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, izixhobo ze-terbium ze-ternetos zifikelele kwinqanaba lemveliso yobuninzi. Iifilimu zeMagneto-Optical ezenziwe ngefilimu ye-TB-FRORMOUS isetyenziswa njengezinto zokugcina ikhompyuter, kwaye umthamo wogcino wonyuswa ngamaxesha ali-10 ~ 15.
(3) iglasi ye-magneto-optical,I-TerbiumIglasi ye-rocane ye-roastay ye-roastay ye-roastay yeyona nto iphambili ekwenzeni iindebe, i-walators kunye noobhuti abasetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwitekhnoloji ye-laser. Ngakumbi, ukuphuculwa kweTerfenol kuye kwavula isicelo esitsha se-terfenol, esiyinto entsha efunyenwe ngo-1970s. Isiqingatha sale alloy siqulatheI-Terbiumkwayedysprosium, ngamanye amaxesha ngeiHolmiumkwaye ezinye i-iron i-iron. I-alloy yaphuhliswa kuqala yi-ACS elebhu eIowa, e-USA. Xa u-Trofenol ubekwa kwintsimi yemagnethi, ubungakanani bayo utshintsha ngaphezulu kwezixhobo zemagnethi eziqhelekileyo, ezinokwenza iintshukumo ezithile zendlela ezichanekileyo. I-Terbim Dysprosium Intsimbi isetyenziswa ikakhulu kwi-sonar ekuqaleni, kwaye isetyenziswe ngokubanzi kumasimi amaninzi.
10
Dysprosium(Dy)
Intsimbi ye-dysprosium(Imephu yedatha)
(1) Njengoongezelelo lweMagnets esisisigxina, ukongeza malunga ne-2 ~ 3%dysprosiumKule magnet inokuphucula amandla ayo anyanzelayo. Kwixa elidlulileyo, imfuno yedysprosiumWayengakhulu, kodwa ngemfuno eyandayo yemagazini e-nubfeb, yaba yinto efanelekileyo eyongeziweyo, kwaye ibakala kufuneka libe malunga ne-95 ~ 99.9%, kwaye imfuno inyuke ngokukhawuleza.
(2)Dysprosiumisetyenziswa njenge-phosphotor ye phosphor. I-Trivingdysprosiumyi-ion ethembekileyo ye-ion yokufaka izixhobo zeTrickor I-LUMORE izixhobo zeZiko elinye leLumcececent. Ibaluleke kakhulu kwiibhendi ezimbini zokuphuma, inye i-ellow yokuphuma, enye iloliwe eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Izixhobo ze-LUMOCTdysprosiuminokusetyenziswa njenge phosphors zetricolor.
(3)DysprosiumNgaba yinto efunekayo yensimbi yokulungiselela i-forfenol alloy eMagnetostur, enokuqonda imisebenzi echanekileyo yentshukumo yoomatshini.
(4)I-Dysprosium yentsimbiinokusetyenziswa njenge-magneto-of Guarlical Aptical Stores ngesantya esiphezulu kunye nokufunda imvakalelo yokufunda.
(5) isetyenziswe kulungiselelo lwedysprosiumIzibane, izixhobo zomsebenzi ezisetyenzisiweyodysprosiumIzibane yi-Dysprosium Ididey, enezibonelelo zokukhanya okuphakathi, umbala olungileyo, ubungakanani bombala, ubungakanani obukhulu, i-arc encinci, kwaye isetyenzisiwe.
(6)Dysprosiumisetyenziselwa ukulinganisa i-Neutron Energy Spectrium okanye i-Neutron Absusber kwiShishini le-Atomic ye-Atomic ngenxa yendawo yayo enkulu ye-neutron ye-neutron.
. Ngophuhliso lwesayensi kunye netekhnoloji, amasimi esicelodysprosiumiya kwandiswa ngokuqhubekayo kwaye yandiswa.
11
IHolmium(Ho)
Ho-fealoy(Imephu yedatha)
Okwangoku, indawo yesicelo yentsimbi kufuneka iphuhliswe ngakumbi, kwaye ukusetyenziswa akukhulu kakhulu. Kutsha nje, iUmhlaba onqabileyoIZiko loPhando lwensimbi yeBaotou lithathe itekhnoloji yokucoca iphakamileyo kunye netekhnoloji yokucoca i-vacum yokucoca i-vacuum, kwaye iphuhliswe i-chin film fin ho /> ret)umhlaba onqabileyoukungcola.
Okwangoku, eyona nto iphambili kwezitshixo zezi:
.inqabileH i-halides. Okwangoku, umhlaba onqabileyo womhlaba usebenzisa ikakhulu, nto leyo ekhupha imigca eyahlukeneyo xa kuqhutywa yirhasi. Isixhobo sokusebenza esisetyenziswe kwisibane sentsimbi yi-Qininide, i-xinetions ephezulu yeeatom zentsimbi zinokufumaneka kwindawo ye-ARC, ngaloo ndlela ukuphuculwa kwempumelelo yemitha.
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. Ke ngoko, xa usebenzisa i-HO: YAG LARR YOKUGQIBELA, Ayinakukuphucula ukusebenza ngokukuko nokuchaneka, kodwa ikwanciphisa i-thermal yomonakalo kwisayizi encinci. I-buam yasimahla iveliswe yi-crystal yokutshixa inokuphelisa amanqatha ngaphandle kokuvelisa ukonakala kwe-roucoma e-Claucoma e-Claucoma e-Claucoma e-Claucoma e-Claucoma e-United States e-United States e-United States.
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12
I-erbium(Er)
I-erbim oxideumgubo (itshathi yolwazi)
. Emva kokuba nemincili nge-980nm kunye ne-1480nm ukukhanya, i-ion ye-Ion (Er3 +) idlulisela kwi-4115/2 ukuya kwiLizwe eliPhakamileyo yeLizwe, kukhupha ukukhanya kwe-1550nm. I-fiber ye-piber inokudlulisela ukukhanya kwamaza ahlukeneyo, nangona kunjalo, i-optiical band ye-1550nm ye-1550N / i-DB / i-NM), ukuba ilahlekile i-ntrix ye-chait ixutywe kwi-matrix efanelekileyo, i-Amplifier inokuthi Buyisela ilahleko kwinkqubo yonxibelelwano ngokwemigaqo ye-laser, ngenxa yoko, kwinethiwekhi yonxibelelwano efuna ukunyusa umqondiso we-1550nm ofanelekileyo, i-fiber ye-fiber ye-fiber i-fiber i-amplifier sisixhobo esibonakalayo. Okwangoku, i-bait ye-fiber amplifier ithengisiwe.it ixelwe ukuba ukwenzela ukuthandwa okungenamsebenzi, isixa esinemigangatho ye-fiber i-piber yonxibelelwano lwe-fiphal iya kuvula amasimi e-fibber.
. Yenziwe kwi-Laser ye-Laser ye-Laser ekhuselekileyo emehlweni abantu ekusebenziseni emkhosini.
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(4) I-ER3 + inokusetyenziswa njenge-ion esebenzayo ngaphakathiumhlaba onqabileyoI-OSERPONIons ye-leser.
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13
Gulium(I-TM)
Emva kokudityaniswa kwi-nuclear yenyukliya,guliumIvelisa i-isotope enokuthi ikhuphe i-X-ray, enokusetyenziswa njengomthombo we-X-ray ophathwayo (imephu yedatha)
(1)Guliumisetyenziswa njengomthombo we-ray yamatshini we-X-ray ophathwayo. Emva kokudityaniswa kwi-nuclear ye-nuclear, i-TM Olu hlobo lwe-radiometer lunokutshintsha yu-169 kwi-TM-170 phantsi kwesenzo esiphezulu kunye ne-ried ray kwigazi elingenakuphatha igazi kwaye inciphise iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi. Zizisele zegazi ezimhlophe ezibangela ukwaliwa kwento, ukuze kuncitshiswe ukwala kwangoko kwamalungu.
(2) (2)GuliumIngasetyenziselwa ukufunyaniswa kwesifo seklinikhi kunye nonyango lwethumba ngenxa ye-therinifasi ye-turus, umhlaba onqabileyo uyahambelana ngakumbi kunokukhanyaumhlaba onqabileyo, ngakumbi ububele be-YU yeyona inkulu.
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14
Ytterbium(Yb)
I-YTERBIUM yensimbi(Imephu yedatha)
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(3) Inqaku elisetyenziselwa umlinganiso woxinzelelo. Iimvavanyo zibonisa ukuba imvakalelo yesibuko senqaku iphakamileyo kuluhlu loxinzelelo oluhlelweyo, oluvula indlela entsha yokusetyenziswa kwesipili kwimgangatho yokulinganisa.
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. Ukongeza, isipili sikwasetyenziselwa i-Fluorest Polletor ye-Fluorescer, i-radira ye-radiras, i-elektroniki ye-elektroniki (i-magnetic bibble) yongezwa, i-fiber fiber ye-fibex kunye neglasi yeglasi kunye neglasi yeglasi.
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Lutitium(Lu)
I-Lutertium oxideumgubo (imephu yedatha)
I-Yttrium Lutetium Lutetium Crystal (imephu yedatha)
(1) Yenza ezinye izabelo ezikhethekileyo. Umzekelo, i-Luttium AlUminium Alloy inokusetyenziselwa uhlalutyo lokuvula i-neutron.
(2) IzinzilelutitiumI-nuclides idlala indima eyimfuneko kwi-petroleum yokuqhekeka, i-alkyation, i-hyddrogenation kunye ne-polymerization.
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(4) Izixhobo eziluhlaza ze-magnetic bubble reservoir.
. Iimvavanyo zibonisa ukuba i-Lutetium-Deped ny i-nytal ye-nyb iphakamile ku-Nyab Crystal kwiforati ye-phectorm kunye ne-laser.
(6) ifunyenwe ukubalutitiumUnezicelo ezinokubakho kwi-electrocromic bonimoc kunye ne-moleclorlion ye-molecular yemolecound. Ukwengeza,lutitiumikwasetyenziswa kwitekhnoloji yebhetri yebhetri kunye ne-phosphor ye phosphor.
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Yttrium(y)
Yttriumisetyenziswa ngokubanzi, i-Yttrium Garnet inokusetyenziswa njengempahla ye-laser, i-Yttrium Garnet isetyenziselwa itekhnoloji ye-microwave kunye ne-Acoustic Fod, kunye ne-europium vanateyttrium oxidezisetyenziswa njenge phosphors zeseti zeTV zemibala. (Imephu yedatha)
. I-ferc alcy ihlala iqulethe i-0.5-4%yttrium, enokuphucula ukumelana kwe-oxidation kunye nenkohliso yezi zigamo zingaqhelekanga; Ipropathi ebanzi ye-MB26 ALTY iphuculwe ngokongeza inani elifanelekileyo le-YTTRIUM-entswini exutyweumhlaba onqabileyo. Ukongeza isixa esincinci se-yttrium-sisityebiumhlaba onqabileyokwi-al-ZR Waloy, ukuqhubela phambili kolo alloy kunokuba phucuka; I-alloy yamkelwe ziifektri ze-wire eTshayina. Ukongeza i-yttrium nge-ofper yobhedu kuphucula ukuqhutywa kunye namandla omatshini.
(2) Isilika sitrive i-ceramic isixhobo esine-6%yttriumKwaye i-2% i-Aluminium ingasetyenziselwa ukuphuhlisa iinxalenye ze-injini.
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(5) PhezuluyttriumI-alloy yesakhiwo equkethwe i-90% yettrium inokusetyenziswa kwinqwelo moya kunye nezinye iindawo ezifuna ukungcungcutheka okusezantsi kunye nokunyibilika okuphezulu.
. Ukwengeza,yttriumikwasetyenziswa njengezixhobo ezinamaqondo aphezulu okuhlamba amaqondo aphezulu, i-dieuent ye-Atomic Reactor Fuel, i-adraciting yezinto ezisisigxina zemagneti, kunye ne-voter kumzi mveliso we-elektroniki.
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Isikali(I-SC)
Isikali sensimbi(Imephu yedatha)
Xa kuthelekiswa ne-Yttrium kunye nezinto ze-Lanthem, Scandium zine-Ionius encinci ye-ionic kunye ne-alkalius ebuthathaka ye-hydroxide. Ke, niniIsikalikwaye izinto zomhlaba ezinqabileyo zixutywe kunye,Isikaliiya kuqala xa inyangwa nge-ammonia (okanye i-tilute i-alkali), ukuze ihlukane ngokulula neumhlaba onqabileyoIzinto zendlela "yohlobo lwenxalenye". Enye indlela kukusebenzisa i-colical ye-witrate ye-witrate eyahlulahlulahlulah.scande I-Nitrate yeyona ilula ukubola, ngaloo ndlela iphumelele injongo yokwahlukana.
I-SC inokufumaneka nge-electrolysis.I-SCCL3, I-KCL kunye ne-Chinel inyibilikisiwe ngexesha lokucoca i-Scandium, kwaye i-hinc e-molten isetyenziswa njenge-canode ye-ethoderlissis, ukuzeIsikaliIcacisiwe kwi-zenctrode ye-zinc, kwaye ke i-zinc ikhutshiwe ukuba ifumaneIsikali. Ukwengeza,IsikaliIfunyanwa ngokulula xa isebenza i-ore yokuvelisa i-Urarium, i-Thorium kunye nezinto ze-Lanthanaide. Ukubuyiselwa ngokubanzi kokuhambelanaIsikaliukusuka kwi-tungsten kunye ne-tin ore yenye yemithombo ebalulekileyo yeIsikali.Isikaliikakhulu ikwimo encindileyo kwi-computer, eyokwenziwe ngokululaI-SC2O3Emoyeni kwaye uphulukana ne-metric luster kwaye ujika abe yigrey emnyama.
Olona ncedo luphambiliIsikalizezi:
(1)IsikaliUngasabela ngamanzi ashushu ukukhupha i-hydrogen, kwaye ikwanyibilikisi kwi-acid, ngoko yiarhente eqinileyo yokuphuhlisa.
(2)I-Scandium OxideKwaye i-hydroxide kuphela i-alkaline, kodwa i-ash yayo ayinakutyibilika. I-Scandium chloride i-crystal emhlophe, inyibilikiswe emanzini nasekuthiyeni.
(3) kumzi-mveliso weqonga,Isikaliihlala isetyenziselwa ukwenza izabelo (zongezwa ze-alloys) ukuphucula amandla, ubukhali, ukumelana nobushushu kunye nokusebenza kwe-alloys. Umzekelo, ukongeza inani elincinci leIsikaliUkutsala i-iron kunokuphucula kakhulu iipropathi zentsimbi, ngelixa ubukele inani elincinci leIsikalikwi-aluminium inokuphucula amandla ayo kunye nokuchasana nobushushu.
(4) Kwishishini le-elektroniki,Isikaliinokusetyenziswa njengezixhobo ezahlukeneyo ze-semicondcuctor. Umzekelo, ukusetyenziswa kwe-Scandium Sulfite kwi-Semicontue anomdla kwikhaya kunye nasephesheya, kunye ne-ferrite equketheIsikaliikwathembisa kwi-cores yemazi ye-magnetic.
(5) kwishishini lekhemikhali,IsikaliI-computer isetyenziswa njengeHerdegenation yoTywala kunye neHlemisa lokuThengisa, eyintlekele efanelekileyo yokuvelisa i-Ethylene kunye ne-chlorine kwiNkankuma i-Hydrochloric Acid.
(6) Kumzi mveliso weglasi, iiglasi ezizodwa eziquketheIsikaliinokwenziwa.
(7) Kumgangatho wokukhanya wombane,Isikalikunye nezibane zesodium ezenziweIsikaliKwaye isodium baneengenelo zokusebenza kakuhle kunye nombala oqinisekileyo wokukhanya.
(8)Isikaliikhona kwi-45sC kwindalo. Ukongeza, kukho isotopes esithobaIsikali, oko kukuthi 40 ~ 44SC kunye ne-46 ~ 49C. Phakathi kwazo, i-46C, njenge-tracer, isetyenzisiwe kwishishini lekhemikhali, i-metallgy kunye ne-aceanography. Kwezamayeza, kukho abantu phesheya ofunda besebenzisa i-46SC ukunyanga umhlaza.
I-Post Time: Aug-09-2021