I-Praseodymium oxide,ifomula yemolekyuliI-Pr6O11, ubunzima bemolekyuli 1021.44.
Ingasetyenziswa kwiglasi, isinyithi, kunye nesongezo somgubo wefluorescent. I-Praseodymium oxide yenye yeemveliso ezibalulekileyo ekukhanyeniiimveliso zomhlaba ezinqabileyo.
Ngenxa yeempawu zayo ezikhethekileyo zomzimba kunye neekhemikhali, isetyenziswe ngokubanzi kumasimi anje ngekeramics, iglasi, iimagnethi ezinqabileyo zomhlaba, iicatalysts ezinqabileyo zokuqhekeka komhlaba, iipolishi zomhlaba ezinqabileyo, izixhobo zokusila, kunye nezongezelelo, ezinamathemba athembisayo.
Ukususela ngo-1990, iteknoloji yemveliso yaseTshayina kunye nezixhobo zepraseodymium oxide zenze uphuculo olubonakalayo kunye nophuculo, kunye nemveliso ekhawulezayo kunye nokukhula kwemveliso. Ayinakuhlangabezana kuphela nomthamo wesicelo sasekhaya kunye neemfuno zemarike, kodwa kukho isixa esikhulu sokuthengisa ngaphandle. Ke ngoko, itekhnoloji yemveliso yangoku yaseTshayina, iimveliso kunye nemveliso yepraseodymium oxide, kunye nemfuno yobonelelo kwiimarike zasekhaya nezangaphandle, ziphakathi kwezona ziphezulu kwishishini elifanayo kwihlabathi.
Iipropati
Umgubo omnyama, ubuninzi be-6.88g/cm3, indawo yokunyibilika i-2042 ℃, indawo yokubilisa 3760 ℃. Ayinyibiliki emanzini, inyibilika kwiiasidi ukwenza iityuwa ezineetyuwa ezintathu. Ukuqhuba kakuhle.
Ukudibanisa
1. Indlela yokwahlula iikhemikhali. Ibandakanya indlela ye-crystallization ye-fractional, indlela ye-fractional precipitation kunye ne-oxidation method. Eyangaphambili yahlulwe ngokusekwe kumahluko wokunyibilika kwekristale yenitrate yomhlaba enqabileyo. Ukwahlula kusekelwe kwiimveliso ezahlukeneyo zexabiso lemvula yeetyuwa ezinqabileyo zomhlaba zesulfate. Le yokugqibela yahlulwe ngokusekelwe kwi-oxidation ye-trivalent Pr3+ ukuya kwi-tetravalent Pr4+. Ezi ndlela zintathu azizange zisetyenziswe kwimveliso yezoshishino ngenxa yezinga eliphantsi lokubuyisela umhlaba onqabileyo, iinkqubo ezinzima, imisebenzi enzima, imveliso ephantsi, kunye neendleko eziphezulu.
2. Indlela yokwahlula. Kubandakanya indlela yokwahlula i-complexation extraction kunye ne-saponification ye-P-507 yokuqhawula i-extraction method. Eyangaphambili isebenzisa i-extrusion eyinkimbinkimbi ye-DYPA kunye ne-N-263 i-extractants yokukhupha kunye nokwahlula i-praseodymium kwinkqubo ye-nitric acid ye-praseodymium neodymium enrichment, ephumela kwi-Pr6O11 99% isivuno se-98%. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yenkqubo enzima, ukusetyenziswa okuphezulu kwee-agent ezixubileyo, kunye neendleko eziphezulu zemveliso, ayizange isetyenziswe kwimveliso yoshishino. Ezi zimbini zokugqibela zine-extraction elungileyo kunye nokuhlukana kwe-praseodymium kunye ne-P-507, zombini ezo zisetyenziswe kwimveliso yoshishino. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokusebenza okuphezulu kwe-P-507 yokukhutshwa kwe-praseodymium kunye nezinga eliphezulu lokulahlekelwa kwe-P-204, i-P-507 yokukhutshwa kunye nendlela yokwahlula ngoku isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwimveliso yezoshishino.
3. Indlela yokutshintshiselana ion ayifane isetyenziswe kwimveliso ngenxa yenkqubo yayo ende, ukusebenza nzima, kunye nesivuno esiphantsi, kodwa ukucoceka kwemveliso Pr6O11 ≥ 99 5%, isivuno ≥ 85%, kunye nemveliso kwiyunithi nganye yezixhobo iphantsi.
I-1) Ukuveliswa kweemveliso ze-praseodymium oxide usebenzisa indlela yokutshintshiselana kwe-ion: ukusebenzisa i-praseodymium neodymium i-compounds enriched compounds (Pr, Nd) 2Cl3 njengezinto ezibonakalayo. Ilungiswa kwisisombululo sesondlo (Pr, Nd) Cl3 kwaye ilayishwe kwikholamu ye-adsorption ukuze i-adsorb egcwele umhlaba onqabileyo. Xa ukuxinwa kwesisombululo sesondlo esingenayo kufana nokugxininiswa kokuphuma, i-adsorption yemihlaba enqabileyo igqityiwe kwaye ilindele inkqubo elandelayo yokusetyenziswa. Emva kokulayisha ikholamu kwi-resin cationic, isisombululo seCuSO4-H2SO4 sisetyenziselwa ukugeleza kwikholamu ukulungiselela i-Cu H + ikholomu yokwahlula umhlaba enqabileyo ukuze isetyenziswe. Emva kokudibanisa ikholamu enye ye-adsorption kunye neentsika ezintathu zokwahlula kuthotho, sebenzisa i-EDT A (0 015M) Iyangena isuka kwi-inlet yekholamu yokuqala ye-adsorption yokwahlulwa kwe-lution (izinga le-leaching 1 2cm/min) Xa i-neodymium iqala ukuphuma kwindawo yokuphuma ikholamu yesithathu yokwahlula ngexesha lokwahlulwa kwe-leaching, inokuthathwa ngumamkeli kwaye iphathwe ngamachiza ukuze ifumane. Emva kokuba i-neodymium kwikholamu yokwahlula yahluliwe, isisombululo esicocekileyo se-PrCl3 siqokelelwa kwindawo yokuphuma kwikholamu yokwahlula kwaye ixhomekeke kunyango lweekhemikhali ukuvelisa imveliso ye-Pr6O11 ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: izinto eziluhlaza → ukulungiswa kwesisombululo sesondlo → I-adsorption yomhlaba onqabileyo kwikholamu ye-adsorption → uqhagamshelo lwekholamu yokwahlula → ulwahlulo oluqhekekileyo → ingqokelela esulungekileyo isisombululo sepraseodymium → imvula ye-oxalic acid → ubhaqo → ukupakishwa.
I-2) Ukuveliswa kweemveliso ze-praseodymium oxide usebenzisa indlela ye-P-204 yokukhutshwa: usebenzisa i-lanthanum cerium praseodymium chloride (La, Ce, Pr) Cl3 njengento eluhlaza. Xuba izinto ezikrwada zibe lulwelo, saponify P-204, kwaye wongeze i-kerosene ukwenza isisombululo esikhuphayo. Yahlula ulwelo lwesondlo kwipraseodymium ekhutshiweyo kwitanki yokutsalwa okuxutyiweyo. Emva koko uhlambe ukungcola kwisigaba se-organic, kwaye usebenzise i-HCl ukukhupha i-praseodymium ukufumana isisombululo esicocekileyo se-PrCl3. I-Precipitate nge-oxalic acid, i-calcine, kunye nephakheji ukufumana imveliso ye-praseodymium oxide. Inkqubo ephambili yile ilandelayo: imathiriyeli ekrwada → ukulungiswa kwesisombululo sesondlo → P-204 ukutsalwa kwepraseodymium → ukuhlamba → ukuhluthwa kwe-asidi ephantsi ye-praseodymium → isisombululo esicocekileyo se-PrCl3 → i-oxalic acid precipitation → ukubala → ukuvavanywa → ukupakishwa (imveliso ye-praseodymium oxide).
I-3) Ukuveliswa kweemveliso ze-praseodymium oxide usebenzisa indlela ye-P507 yokukhutshwa: Ukusebenzisa i-cerium praseodymium chloride (Ce, Pr) I-Cl3 efunyenwe kwi-ionic esezantsi enqabileyo yomhlaba igxininise njengento eluhlaza (REO ≥ 45%, i-praseodymium oxide ≥ 75%). Emva kokukhupha i-praseodymium kunye nesisombululo sesondlo esilungisiweyo kunye ne-P507 i-extractant kwi-tank yokukhutshwa, ukungcola kwisigaba sezinto eziphilayo kuhlanjwe ngeHCl. Ekugqibeleni, i-praseodymium itsalwa kwakhona nge-HCl ukufumana isisombululo esisulungekileyo se-PrCl3. Imvula yepraseodymium ene-oxalic acid, ukubala, kunye nokupakishwa kwemveliso yepraseodymium oxide. Inkqubo ephambili imi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: imathiriyeli ekrwada → ukulungiswa kwesisombululo sesondlo → ukutsalwa kwepraseodymium nge-P-507 → ukuhlamba ukungcola → ukubuyisela umva ukutsalwa kwepraseodymium → isisombululo se-PrCl3 esisulungekileyo → i-oxalic acid precipitation → calcination → ubhaqo → ukupakishwa kwemveliso ye-praseodymium).
I-4) Ukuveliswa kweemveliso ze-praseodymium oxide usebenzisa indlela ye-P507 yokukhutshwa: I-lanthanum praseodymium chloride (Cl, Pr) i-Cl3 efunyenwe kwi-processing ye-Sichuan enqabileyo yomhlaba i-concentrate isetyenziswe njengento eluhlaza (REO ≥ 45%, i-praseodymium oxide 8.05%), kunye ne-8.05%), kunye zilungiswe zibe lulwelo feed. I-Praseodymium ke ikhutshwe nge-saponified P507 i-agent ye-extraction kwi-tank yokukhutshwa, kwaye ukungcola kwisigaba se-organic kususwa ngokuhlamba kwe-HCl. Emva koko, iHCl yasetyenziselwa ukubuyisela umva ukutsalwa kwepraseodymium ukufumana isisombululo se-PrCl3 esisulungekileyo. Iimveliso ze-Praseodymium oxide zifunyenwe ngokunyusa i-praseodymium nge-oxalic acid, i-calcining, kunye nokupakishwa. Eyona nkqubo iphambili yile: imathiriyeli ekrwada → isisombululo sezithako → P-507 ukutsalwa kwepraseodymium → ukuhlamba ubumdaka → ukubuyisela umva ukutsalwa kwepraseodymium → isisombululo esisulungekileyo sePrCl3 → imvula ye-oxalic acid → ukubala → ukuvavanywa → ukupakishwa (imveliso yepraseodymium oxide).
Okwangoku, eyona nkqubo iphambili yetekhnoloji yokuvelisa iimveliso zepraseodymium oxide eTshayina yindlela yeP507 yotsalo kusetyenziswa inkqubo ye-hydrochloric acid, esetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwimveliso yeemveliso ezahlukeneyo zomhlaba ezinqabileyo zomhlaba kwaye iye yaba yinkqubo yokuvelisa itekhnoloji ngendlela efanayo. ishishini kwihlabathi liphela, libekwe phakathi kwabaphezulu.
Isicelo
1. Ukusetyenziswa kwiglasi yomhlaba enqabileyo
Emva kokongeza iioksidi zomhlaba ezinqabileyo kumacandelo ahlukeneyo eglasi, imibala eyahlukeneyo yeeglasi zomhlaba ezinqabileyo zinokwenziwa, njengeglasi eluhlaza, iglasi yelaser, imagneto optical, kunye negilasi yefiber optic, kwaye izicelo zabo ziyakhula mihla le. Emva kokufaka i-praseodymium oxide kwiglasi, iglasi enemibala eluhlaza inokwenziwa, enexabiso eliphezulu lobugcisa kwaye inokuxelisa amatye anqabileyo. Olu hlobo lweglasi lukhangeleka luluhlaza xa luvezwe kukukhanya kwelanga okuqhelekileyo, ngelixa luphantse lungabi nambala phantsi kwekhandlela. Ke ngoko, ingasetyenziselwa ukwenza amatye anqabileyo omgunyathi kunye nemihombiso exabisekileyo, enemibala enomtsalane kunye neempawu ezithandekayo.
2. Ukusetyenziswa kwiiseramics zomhlaba ezinqabileyo
Iioksidi zomhlaba ezinqabileyo zingasetyenziswa njengezongezo kwiiseramics ukwenza iiseramics ezininzi ezinqabileyo zomhlaba kunye nokusebenza okungcono. I-ceramics enqabileyo yomhlaba ecocekileyo phakathi kwabo imele. Isebenzisa izixhobo ezikhethiweyo ezikhethiweyo kwaye yamkele iinkqubo ezilula zokulawula kunye nobuchule bokucubungula, obunokulawula ngokuchanekileyo ukubunjwa kweekeramics. Inokwahlulwa ibe ziindidi ezimbini: ii-ceramics ezisebenzayo kunye ne-high-temperature structural ceramics. Emva kokongeza ii-oxides zomhlaba ezinqabileyo, zinokuphucula i-sintering, ubuninzi, i-microstructure, kunye nokwakhiwa kwesigaba se-ceramics ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zezicelo ezahlukeneyo. I-ceramic glaze eyenziwe nge-praseodymium oxide njengombala ayichatshazelwa ngumoya ongaphakathi kwi-oven, inokubonakala kombala ozinzileyo, i-glaze surface, inokuphucula iimpawu zomzimba kunye neekhemikhali, ukuphucula ukuzinza kwe-thermal kunye nomgangatho weekeramics, ukwandisa iindidi zemibala, kunye nokunciphisa iindleko. Emva kokongeza i-praseodymium oxide kwi-ceramic pigments kunye ne-glazes, umhlaba onqabileyo we-praseodymium yellow, i-praseodymium eluhlaza, i-pigment ebomvu e-underglaze kunye ne-white ghost glaze, i-ivory yellow glaze, i-apula eluhlaza porcelain, njl. Olu hlobo lweporcelain yobugcisa lusebenza kakuhle kwaye luthunyelwa ngaphandle, oludumileyo kumazwe angaphandle. Ngokwezibalo ezifanelekileyo, ukusetyenziswa kwehlabathi jikelele kwepraseodymium neodymium kwiiseramics kungaphezu kweetoni eziliwaka, kwaye ikwangumsebenzisi omkhulu wepraseodymium oxide. Kulindeleke ukuba kubekho uphuhliso olukhulu kwixesha elizayo.
3. Ukusetyenziswa kwemagnethi yomhlaba esisigxina
Ubuninzi bemveliso yamandla kazibuthe (BH) ye (Pr, Sm) Co5 umazibuthe osisigxina m=27MG θ e (216K J/m3). Kwaye i (BH) m ye PrFeB yi 40MG θ E (320K J/m3). Ke ngoko, ukusetyenziswa kwePr eveliswe imagnethi esisigxina kusenezicelo ezinokubakho kuwo omabini amashishini kunye namashishini.
4. Ukusetyenziswa kwezinye iindawo ukwenza amavili okugaya i-corundum.
Ngokwesiseko se-corundum emhlophe, ukongeza malunga ne-0.25% ye-praseodymium neodymium oxide ingenza iivili ezinqabileyo zomhlaba ze-corundum, ziphucule kakhulu ukusebenza kwazo. Ukwandisa izinga lokusila nge-30% ukuya kwi-100%, kwaye kabini ubomi benkonzo. I-Praseodymium oxide ineempawu ezilungileyo zokupholisha izinto ezithile, ngoko ke inokusetyenziswa njengesixhobo sokupholisha kwimisebenzi yokupholisha. Iqulethe malunga ne-7.5% yepraseodymium oxide kwi-cerium esekwe ngumgubo wokupholisha kwaye isetyenziselwa ikakhulu ukupolisha iiglasi zamehlo, iimveliso zentsimbi, iglasi ecaba, kunye neityhubhu zikamabonakude. Umphumo wokupolisha ulungile kwaye umthamo wesicelo mkhulu, oye waba yipowder ephambili e-China ngoku. Ukongeza, ukusetyenziswa kwe-petroleum cracking catalysts kunokuphucula umsebenzi we-catalytic, kwaye ingasetyenziselwa njengezongezo zokwenza i-steelmaking, ukucoca intsimbi etyhidiweyo, njl. uhlobo olulodwa lwepraseodymium oxide. Kuqikelelwa ukuba le meko iya kuqhubeka kwixesha elizayo.
Ixesha lokuposa: May-26-2023