Iingcali zenzululwazi ziye zaphuhlisa iqonga lokudibanisa izinto ze-nanosized, okanye "i-nano-objects," yeentlobo ezahlukeneyo kakhulu-i-inorganic okanye i-organic-- zibe yi-3-D efunwayo. Nangona i-self-assembly (SA) isetyenziselwe ngempumelelo ukucwangcisa i-nanomaterials yeentlobo ezininzi, inkqubo ibithe ngqo kakhulu kwinkqubo, ivelisa izakhiwo ezahlukeneyo ezisekwe kwiipropathi zangaphakathi zezixhobo. Njengoko kuchazwe kwiphepha elipapashwe namhlanje kwiMathiriyeli yeNdalo, iqonga labo elitsha le-DNA-programmable nanofabrication lingasetyenziselwa ukuququzelela izinto ezahlukeneyo ze-3-D ngendlela efanayo emiselweyo kwi-nanoscale (ebhiliyoni zemitha), apho i-optical unique, ikhemikhali. , kunye nezinye iipropathi ziyavela.
"Esinye sezizathu eziphambili zokuba kutheni i-SA ingabi yinkqubo yokuzikhethela kwizicelo ezisebenzayo kukuba inkqubo efanayo ye-SA ayinakusetyenziswa kuluhlu olubanzi lwezixhobo ukwenza uluhlu olufanayo lwe-3-D olucwangcisiweyo olusuka kwii-nanocomponents ezahlukeneyo," ucacise watsho u-Oleg Gang. , inkokeli yeQela le-Soft kunye ne-Bio Nanomaterials Group kwiziko le-Functional Nanomaterials (CFN) -- iSebe lezaMandla lase-US (DOE) i-Ofisi yoMsebenzisi weSayensi kwi-Brookhaven National Laboratory -- kunye noprofesa woBunjineli beMichiza kunye ne-Applied Physics kunye ISayensi yeMathiriyeli kwi-Columbia Engineering. "Apha, siqhawule inkqubo ye-SA kwiipropati eziphathekayo ngokuyila iifreyimu ze-polyhedral ze-DNA ezinokuthi zifake izinto ezahlukeneyo ze-inorganic okanye i-organic nano-objects, kuquka isinyithi, i-semiconductors, kunye neeprotheni kunye ne-enzymes."
Izazinzulu zenze iifreyimu zeDNA zokwenziwa ezimile okwetyhubhu, ioctahedron, kunye netetrahedron. Ngaphakathi kwezakhelo ze-DNA "iingalo" ezinokuthi kuphela i-nano-izinto ezinolandelelwano lwe-DNA oluhambelanayo ezinokubophelela. Ezi voxels eziphathekayo - ukuhlanganiswa kwesakhelo se-DNA kunye ne-nano-object-ziibhloko zokwakha apho i-macroscale 3-D izakhiwo zingenziwa khona. Izakhelo zidibanisa omnye nomnye kungakhathaliseki ukuba luhlobo luni lwe-nano-object ngaphakathi (okanye ayikho) ngokulandelelana okuhambelanayo okufakwe ngekhowudi kwii-vertices zabo. Ngokuxhomekeke kwimilo yazo, iifreyimu zinenani elahlukileyo lee-vertices kwaye ke zenza izakhiwo ezahluke ngokupheleleyo. Naziphi na izinto ze-nano ezibanjwe ngaphakathi kwezakhelo zithatha eso sakhiwo sesakhelo esithile.
Ukubonisa indlela yabo yokuhlanganisana, izazinzulu zikhethe i-metallic (igolide) kunye ne-semiconducting (cadmium selenide) nanoparticles kunye neprotheyini yebhaktheriya (streptavidin) njengezinto ze-inorganic kunye ne-organic nano-objects eziza kufakwa ngaphakathi kwezakhelo ze-DNA. Okokuqala, baqinisekisa ukunyaniseka kwezakhelo ze-DNA kunye nokuqulunqwa kwee-voxels eziphathekayo ngokucinga nge-electron microscopes kwi-CFN Electron Microscopy Facility kunye ne-Van Andel Institute, ene-suite yezixhobo ezisebenza kumaqondo okushisa e-cryogenic kwiisampuli zebhayoloji. Baye baphonononga izakhiwo ze-lattice ze-3-D kwi-Coherent Hard X-ray Scattering and Complex Materials Scattering beamlines ye-National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II) -- enye i-Ofisi ye-DOE yeSayensi yoMsebenzisi kwi-Brookhaven Lab. Unjineli waseColumbia uBykhovsky uNjingalwazi wezobuNjineli beMichiza uSanat Kumar kunye neqela lakhe benze imodeli yokulinganisa ebonisa ukuba ulwakhiwo olujongwe ngovavanyo lwelattice (ngokusekwe kwiipatheni zokusasazeka kwe-x-reyi) zezona zizinzileyo ngokwe-thermodynamically ezinokwakheka iivoxels eziphathekayo.
"Ezi voxels eziphathekayo zisivumela ukuba siqale ukusebenzisa iingcamango ezivela kwii-athom (kunye neemolekyuli) kunye neekristale ezizenzayo, kwaye zifake olu lwazi lukhulu kunye nedatha yedatha kwiinkqubo ezinomdla kwi-nanoscale," ucacise uKumar.
Abafundi beqela lemigulukudu e-Columbia babonisa indlela iqonga lendibano elinokusetyenziswa ngayo ukuqhuba umbutho weentlobo ezimbini zemathiriyeli ezinemichiza kunye nemisebenzi yamehlo. Kwimeko enye, badibanisa ii-enzymes ezimbini, besenza uluhlu lwe-3-D kunye noxinaniso oluphezulu lokupakisha. Nangona ii-enzymes zahlala zingatshintshi iikhemikhali, zibonise malunga nokunyuka okuphindwe kane kumsebenzi we-enzymatic. Ezi "nanoreactors" zingasetyenziselwa ukuguqula i-cascade reaction kunye nokwenza ukuveliswa kwezinto ezisebenza ngamachiza. Kumboniso wemathiriyeli ebonakalayo, baxube imibala emibini eyahlukeneyo yamachaphaza e-quantum -- iinanocrystals ezincinci ezisetyenziselwa ukwenza imiboniso kamabonakude enombala ophezulu kunye nokuqaqamba. Imifanekiso ethatyathwe ngemakroskopu ye-fluorescence ibonise ukuba i-lattice eyenziwe yagcina ubunyulu bombala ngaphantsi komda we-diffraction (i-wavelength) yokukhanya; le propati inokuvumela ukuphuculwa kwesisombululo esibalulekileyo kwimiboniso eyahlukeneyo kunye nobuchwepheshe bonxibelelwano lokukhanya.
“Kufuneka siphinde sicinge ngendlela izinto ezinokwenziwa ngayo kunye nendlela ezisebenza ngayo,” utshilo uGang. "Uyilo ngokutsha lwezinto eziphathekayo lusenokungabi yimfuneko; ukupakisha nje izinto esele zikho ngeendlela ezintsha kunokuphucula iipropathi zazo. Ngokunokwenzeka, iqonga lethu linokuba bubuchwephesha obuvumelayo 'ngaphaya kwemveliso yoshicilelo lwe-3-D' ukulawula imathiriyeli kwizikali ezincinci kakhulu kunye nezinto ezininzi ezahlukeneyo kunye iingoma eziyilwe Ukusebenzisa indlela efanayo ukwenza iileyile ze-3-D ezivela kwizinto ezinqwenelekayo ze-nano-eyeeklasi ezahlukeneyo zemathiriyeli, ukudibanisa ezo zinokuthathwa njengezingahambelaniyo, kunokuguqula i-nanomanufacturing.
Izixhobo ezibonelelwa yi-DOE/Brookhaven National Laboratory. Qaphela: Isiqulatho sinokuhlelwa ngokwesitayile nobude.
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Ixesha lokuposa: Jan-14-2020