Nanometer izinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba, amandla amatsha kwinguqu kwezoshishino

Nanometer izinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba, amandla amatsha kwinguqu kwezoshishino

I-Nanotechnology licandelo elitsha lezifundo ezahlukeneyo elaphuhliswa ngokuthe ngcembe ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yee-1980s nasekuqaleni koo-1990. Ngenxa yokuba inamandla amakhulu okudala iinkqubo ezintsha zokuvelisa, izinto ezintsha kunye nemveliso emitsha, iya kuqalisa inguqu entsha yezoshishino kwinkulungwane entsha.Inqanaba lophuhliso lwangoku lwe-nanoscience kunye ne-nanotechnology lifana nelo lekhompyutha kunye nobuchwepheshe bolwazi kwi-1950. Uninzi lwezazinzulu ezizibophelele kulo mmandla ziqikelela ukuba uphuhliso lwe-nanotechnology luya kuba nefuthe elibanzi nelibanzi kwiinkalo ezininzi zobuchwepheshe. Izazinzulu zikholelwa ukuba ineepropathi ezingaqhelekanga kunye nokusebenza okungaqhelekanga,Iziphumo eziphambili zokuvalelwa ezikhokelela kwiipropathi ezingaqhelekanga ze-nano ezinqabileyo zezinto zomhlaba zisiphumo esithe ngqo somphezulu, isiphumo sobungakanani obuncinci, isiphumo sojongano, isiphumo esingafihliyo, isiphumo setonela kunye nesiphumo se-macroscopic quantum. Ezi ziphumo zenza iimpawu ezibonakalayo ze-nano system zihluke kwizinto eziqhelekileyo ekukhanyeni, umbane, ukushisa kunye nemagnetism, kwaye zibonise iimpawu ezininzi zenoveli.Kwixesha elizayo, kukho iindlela ezintathu eziphambili zenzululwazi ukuphanda nokuphuhlisa i-nanotechnology: ukulungiswa kunye nokusetyenziswa. i-nanomaterials esebenza ngokugqwesileyo; Yila kwaye ulungiselele izixhobo ezahlukeneyo ze-nano kunye nezixhobo; Ukufumanisa kunye nokuhlalutya iimpawu ze-nano-regions. Okwangoku, umhlaba onqabileyo we-nano unezikhokelo zesicelo ezilandelayo, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwayo kufuneka kuphuhliswe ngakumbi kwixesha elizayo.

Nanometer lanthanum oxide (La2O3)

I-Nanometer lanthanum oxide isetyenziswa kwizixhobo ze-piezoelectric, izinto ze-electrothermal, izixhobo zombane, izixhobo ze-magnetoresistance, izinto ezikhanyayo (umgubo oluhlaza), izinto zokugcina i-hydrogen, iglasi ekhanyayo, izixhobo ze-laser, izinto ezahlukeneyo ze-alloy, ii-catalysts zokulungiselela iimveliso zemichiza ephilayo, kunye ne-catalysts yokungathathi hlangothi. ukukhutshwa kwemoto, kunye neefilimu zokuguqula ukukhanya kwezolimo zikwasetyenziswa kwi-nanometer lanthanum oxide.

Nanometer cerium oxide (CeO2)

Ukusetyenziswa okuphambili kwe-nano cerium oxide ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: 1. Njengesingezelelo seglasi, i-nano cerium oxide inokubamba imisebe ye-ultraviolet kunye ne-infrared ray, kwaye isetyenziswe kwiglasi yemoto. Ayinakuthintela kuphela imisebe ye-ultraviolet, kodwa inciphisa ubushushu ngaphakathi kwemoto, ngaloo ndlela igcina umbane womoya womoya. 2. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-nano cerium oxide kwi-automobile exhaust purification catalyst inokuthintela ngokufanelekileyo ubuninzi begesi yokukhupha imoto ukuba ikhutshwe emoyeni.3. I-Nano-cerium oxide ingasetyenziswa kwi-pigment ukufaka umbala kwiiplastiki, kwaye ingasetyenziselwa ukugquma, i-inki kunye nemizi-mveliso yephepha. 4. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-nano cerium oxide kwizinto zokupholisa kuye kwaqatshelwa ngokubanzi njengemfuneko ephezulu yokuchaneka kwe-silicone wafers kunye ne-sapphire single crystal substrates.5. Ukongeza, i-nano cerium oxide inokufakwa kwizinto zokugcina i-hydrogen, izinto zombane ezitshisayo, i-nano cerium oxide tungsten electrode, i-ceramic capacitors, i-piezoelectric ceramics, i-nano cerium oxide silicon carbide abrasives, iiseli zamafutha ekrwada, izixhobo zepetroli, ezinye izixhobo zemagnethi ezisisigxina, iintsimbi ezahlukeneyo ze-alloy kunye neentsimbi ezingenayo i-ferrous, njl.

Inanometer praseodymium oxide (Pr6O11)

Ukusetyenziswa okuphambili kwe-nanometer praseodymium oxide ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: 1. Isetyenziselwa ngokubanzi kwi-ceramics yokwakha kunye ne-ceramics yokusetyenziswa kwansuku zonke. Inokuxutywa ne-ceramic glaze ukwenza i-glaze enemibala, kwaye ingasetyenziselwa njenge-pigment engaphantsi kwe-pigment yodwa. I-pigment elungisiweyo iphuzi ephuzi kunye nethoni ecocekileyo kunye nenhle. 2. Isetyenziselwa ukwenza iimagnethi ezisisigxina kwaye isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwizixhobo ezahlukeneyo zombane kunye neenjini. 3. Isetyenziselwa i-petroleum catalytic cracking.Umsebenzi, ukukhetha kunye nokuzinza kwe-catalysis kunokuphuculwa. 4. I-Nano-praseodymium oxide nayo ingasetyenziselwa ukupolisha kwe-abrasive. Ukongezelela, ukusetyenziswa kwe-nanometer praseodymium oxide kwintsimi ye-fiber optical ininzi kwaye ibanzi.

Nanometer neodymium oxide (Nd2O3)

INanometer neodymium oxide iye yaba yindawo eshushu kwimarike iminyaka emininzi ngenxa yendawo yayo ekhethekileyo kwibala lomhlaba onqabileyo. I-Nano-neodymium oxide iphinda isetyenziswe kwizinto ezingezizo i-ferrous.Ukongeza i-1.5% ~ 2.5% ye-nano neodymium oxide kwi-magnesium okanye i-alloy ye-aluminium inokuphucula ukusebenza kobushushu obuphezulu, ukuxinwa komoya kunye nokumelana nokubola kwe-alloy, kwaye isetyenziswa ngokubanzi njenge-aerospace. izinto zokubhabha. Ukongeza, i-nano yttrium aluminium garnet efakwe i-nano neodymium oxide ivelisa i-laser beam efutshane, esetyenziselwa ukuwelda kunye nokusika izinto ezincinci ezinobunzima obungaphantsi kwe-10mm kwishishini. Kwicala lezonyango, iNano-YAG laser doped nano-Nd _ 2O _ 3 isetyenziselwa ukususa amanxeba otyando okanye ukubulala iintsholongwane endaweni yeemela zotyando. I-nanometer neodymium oxide ikwasetyenziselwa ukufaka imibala kwiglasi kunye nezixhobo ze-ceramic, iimveliso zerabha kunye nezongezo.

I-Samarium oxide nanoparticles (Sm2O3)

Ukusetyenziswa okuphambili kwe-nano-size samarium oxide zezi: i-nano-sized samarium oxide i-yellow yellow, esetyenziswe kwi-ceramic capacitors kunye ne-catalysts. Ukongeza, i-nano-size samarium oxide ineempawu zenyukliya, kwaye inokusetyenziswa njengezinto zokwakha, imathiriyeli ekhuselayo kunye nemathiriyeli yokulawula yereactor yamandla eathom, ukuze amandla amakhulu aveliswa yi-fission yenyukliya asetyenziswe ngokukhuselekileyo. I-Europium oxide nanoparticles (Eu2O3) isetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-phosphors.I-Eu3 + isetyenziselwa i-activator ye-phosphor ebomvu, kwaye i-Eu2 + isetyenziswe njenge-phosphor eluhlaza. I-Y0O3: I-Eu3 + yeyona phosphor igqwesileyo ekusebenzeni okukhanyayo, ukuzinza kwengubo, iindleko zokubuyisela, njl., kwaye isetyenziswa ngokubanzi ngenxa yokuphuculwa kokusebenza okukhanyayo kunye nokwahlukileyo. Kutshanje, i-nano europium oxide ikwasetyenziselwa ukukhutshwa kwe-phosphor kwi-X-ray entsha yenkqubo yokuxilongwa kwezonyango. I-Nano-europium oxide ingasetyenziselwa ukwenza iilensi ezinemibala kunye nezihluzi ze-optical, kwizixhobo zokugcina i-bubble bubble, kwaye ingabonisa iitalente zayo izixhobo zokulawula, izinto ezikhuselayo kunye nezixhobo zesakhiwo seeathom zeathom. I-particle ecocekileyo ye-gadolinium europium oxide (Y2O3: Eu3 +) iphosphor ebomvu yalungiswa ngokusebenzisa i-nano yttrium oxide (Y2O3) kunye ne-nano europium oxide (Eu2O3) njengezinto eziluhlaza. Xa uyisebenzisa ukulungisa i-rare earth tricolor phosphor, kwafunyaniswa ukuba: (a) inokuxutywa kakuhle kwaye ifakwe ngokufanayo kunye nomgubo oluhlaza kunye nomgubo oluhlaza; (b) Ukusebenza kakuhle kokugquma; C

I-Gadolinium oxide nanoparticles (Gd2O3)

Ukusetyenziswa kwayo okuphambili ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: 1. I-complex yeparamagnetic ene-soluble yamanzi inokuphucula umqondiso we-NMR wokucinga womzimba womntu kunyango lwezonyango. 2. Isiseko se-sulphur oxide singasetyenziswa njengegridi ye-matrix ye-oscilloscope ityhubhu kunye nesikrini se-X-ray ngokukhanya okukhethekileyo. 3. I-Nano-gadolinium oxide kwi-nano-gadolinium gallium garnet yeyona substrate ifanelekileyo yenkumbulo yeqamza lamagnetic. 4. Xa kungekho Camot umjikelo umda, Inokusetyenziswa njengendlela eqinileyo magnetic ukupholisa medium. 5. Isetyenziswa njengesithinteli ekulawuleni inqanaba letsheyini lokusabela kwimizi-mveliso yamandla enyukliya ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lweentshukumo zenyukliya. Ukongezelela, ukusetyenziswa kwe-nano-gadolinium oxide kunye ne-nano-lanthanum oxide kunceda ukutshintsha indawo ye-vitrification kunye nokuphucula ukuzinza kweglasi ye-thermal. I-nano gadolinium oxide ingasetyenziselwa ukuvelisa i-capacitors kunye ne-X-ray yokuqinisa izikrini. Okwangoku, ihlabathi lenza imizamo emikhulu yokuphuhlisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-nano-gadolinium oxide kunye ne-alloys yayo kwifriji yamagnetic, kwaye yenza inkqubela phambili.

I-Terbium oxide nanoparticles (Tb4O7)

Iinkalo zesicelo eziphambili zimi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: 1. I-Phosphors isetyenziselwa i-activators ye-powder eluhlaza kwi-phosphors ye-tricolor, njenge-phosphate matrix eyenziwa yi-nano terbium oxide, i-matrix ye-silicate eqhutywe yi-nano terbium oxide kunye ne-nano cerium oxide i-magnesium aluminate matrix isebenze yi-nano terbium. oxide, apho zonke zikhupha ukukhanya okuluhlaza kwimeko yochulumanco. 2. Izinto zokugcina iMagneto-optical, Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, izixhobo ze-nano-terbium oxide magneto-optical ziye zaphandwa kwaye zaphuhliswa. I-magneto-optical disk eyenziwe ngefilimu ye-amorphous ye-Tb-Fe isetyenziswe njengento yokugcina ikhompyutha, kwaye umthamo wokugcina unokunyuswa ngama-10 ~ 15 amaxesha. 3. Iglasi ye-Magneto-optical, i-Faraday iglasi esebenza kakuhle ene-nanometer terbium oxide, yinto ephambili yokwenza ii-rotators, i-isolators, i-annulators kwaye isetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwi-laser technology.I-Nanometer terbium oxide nanometer i-dysprosium oxide isetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-sonar, kwaye iye yasetyenziswa ngokubanzi isetyenziswa kwiindawo ezininzi, ezifana nenkqubo yokutofa ngamafutha, ulawulo lwevalvu yolwelo, indawo-micro-positioning, i-actuator yomatshini, umatshini kunye nokulawula iphiko leteleskopu yendawo yenqwelomoya.

Nano Dysprosium oxide Dy2O3

Ukusetyenziswa okuphambili kweDy2O3 nano dysprosium oxide zezi:1. I-Nano-dysprosium oxide isetyenziswa njenge-activator ye-phosphor, kunye ne-trivalent nano-dysprosium oxide yi-ion ethembisayo ye-tricolor luminescent materials kunye neziko elilodwa le-luminescent. Ikakhulu iqulathe iibhendi ezimbini zokukhupha, enye iphuma ukukhanya okutyheli, enye iluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kunye nezixhobo zeluminescent ezifakwe i-nano-dysprosium oxide zingasetyenziswa njenge-tricolor phosphors.2. I-Nanometer i-dysprosium oxide yinto efunekayo yentsimbi ekrwada ukulungiselela ingxubevange ye-Terfenol ene-alloy enkulu ye-magnetostrictive nano-terbium oxide kunye ne-nano-dysprosium oxide, enokuqonda imisebenzi ethile echanekileyo yokunyakaza koomatshini. 3. I-Nanometer i-dysprosium oxide yensimbi ingasetyenziselwa njengento yokugcina i-magneto-optical enesantya esiphezulu sokurekhoda kunye nokuqonda ukufunda. 4. Isetyenziselwa ukulungiswa kwesibane se-nanometer i-dysprosium oxide lamp.Into esebenzayo esetyenziswe kwisibane se-nano dysprosium oxide yi-nano dysprosium oxide, enenzuzo yokukhanya okuphezulu, umbala omhle, ukushisa kombala ophezulu, ubungakanani obuncinci kunye ne-arc ezinzileyo, kwaye iye yaba luncedo. isetyenziswe njengomthombo wokukhanyisa kwifilimu kunye nokushicilela. 5. I-nanometer i-dysprosium oxide isetyenziselwa ukulinganisa amandla e-neutron okanye njenge-neutron absorber kushishino lwamandla e-atom ngenxa ye-neutron enkulu yokubamba indawo enqamlezayo.

Ho2O3 Nanometer

Ukusetyenziswa okuphambili kwe-nano-holmium oxide ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: 1. Njengesongezo sesibane se-halogen yensimbi, isibane se-halogen sensimbi luhlobo lwesibane sokukhupha igesi, esiphuhliswa ngesiseko sesibane se-mercury esiphezulu, kunye neempawu zayo. ukuba ibhalbhu izaliswe ziihalides ezahlukeneyo zomhlaba ezinqabileyo. Okwangoku, i-iodide yomhlaba enqabileyo isetyenziswa kakhulu, ekhupha imigca ye-spectral eyahlukeneyo xa igesi iphuma.Into esebenzayo esetyenziswe kwisibane se-nano-holmium oxide yi-nano-holmium oxide iodide, enokufumana i-concentration ye-athomu yensimbi ephezulu kwi-arc zone, ngaloo ndlela. iphucula kakhulu ukusebenza kakuhle kwemitha. 2. I-Nanometer holmium oxide ingasetyenziselwa njenge-additive ye-yttrium iron okanye i-yttrium aluminium garnet; 3. I-Nano-holmium oxide ingasetyenziswa njenge-yttrium iron aluminium garnet (Ho: YAG), ekwazi ukukhupha i-2μm laser, kunye nesantya sokufunxa kwezicubu zomntu kwi-2μm laser iphezulu. YAG0. Ngoko ke, xa usebenzisa i-Ho: YAG i-laser yokusebenza kwezonyango, ayikwazi nje ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokuchaneka, kodwa nokunciphisa indawo yomonakalo we-thermal kubukhulu obuncinci. I-beam yamahhala eveliswa yi-nano holmium oxide crystal inokuphelisa amanqatha ngaphandle kokuvelisa ukushisa okukhulu, ngaloo ndlela inciphisa umonakalo obushushu obangelwa zizicubu eziphilileyo. utyando. 4. Kwi-magnetostrictive alloy Terfenol-D, inani elincinci le-nano-sized holmium oxide nalo lingadityaniswa ukunciphisa intsimi yangaphandle efunekayo kwi-saturation magnetization ye-alloy.5. Ukongezelela, i-fiber optical ifakwe nge-nano-holmium oxide ingasetyenziselwa ukwenza izixhobo zonxibelelwano ze-optical fiber lasers, i-fiber optical amplifiers, i-fiber optical sensors, njl.

Nano Erbium(III) oxide

Ezona zinto zisetyenziswayo zezi:

1. Ukukhutshwa kokukhanya kwe-nanometer Erbium (III) oxide kwi-1550nm kubaluleke ngokukhethekileyo, kuba le wavelength iyona kanye ilahleko encinci ye-fiber optic yokunxibelelana kwe-Fiber-optic. Emva kokuvuyiswa kukukhanya kwi-980nm kunye ne-1480nm, i-nanometer Erbium (III) i-oxide ion utshintsho ukusuka kumhlaba ophantsi we-4115 / 2 ukuya kwi-high-energy state 4113/2. Xa i-Er3+ ikwimo ephezulu yamandla itshintsha ibuyela kumhlaba osezantsi, ikhupha ukukhanya kwe-1550nm wavelength. Ifayibha yequartz inokuhambisa ukukhanya kobude obahlukeneyo bobude, Nangona kunjalo, amazinga ahlukeneyo okuthomalalisa amehlo ayahluka, kunye ne-1550nm frequency band enelona zinga lisezantsi lokuthomalalisa i-optical rate (0.15 decibels ngekhilomitha) kuthumelo lwefayibha yequartz, ephantse ibe ngumda osezantsi wokuthomalalisa. Ke ngoko, xa unxibelelwano lwefiber optic lusetyenziswa njengokukhanya kwesiginali kwi-1550nm, ilahleko yokukhanya iyancitshiswa. Ngale ndlela, ukuba i-concentration efanelekileyo ye-nano Erbium (III) oxide ifakwe kwi-matrix efanelekileyo, i-amplifier inokuhlawula ilahleko kwinkqubo yonxibelelwano ngokomgaqo we-laser. Ke ngoko, kuthungelwano lonxibelelwano olufuna ukukhulisa i-1550nm isiginali ye-optical, i-nano Erbium(III) oxide doped fiber amplifier sisixhobo esiyimfuneko esibonakalayo. Okwangoku, i-nano Erbium(III) oxide doped silica fiber amplifier iye yathengiswa. Kuxelwa ukuba ukuze ugweme ukufunxa okungenamsebenzi, inani le-doping ye-nano Erbium (III) oxide kwifiber ngamashumi ukuya kumakhulu e-ppm. Uphuhliso olukhawulezayo lonxibelelwano lwefiber optical luya kuvula indawo entsha yesicelo se-nano Erbium (III) oxide.

2. Ikristale ye-laser efakwe i-nanometer Erbium (III) oxide kunye ne-1730nm laser kunye ne-1550nm laser output ikhuselekile emehlweni abantu, inomsebenzi olungileyo wokuhambisa emoyeni, inamandla okungena komsi ukuya edabini, imfihlo entle, akukho lula ukubakho. Ibhaqwe lutshaba, kwaye ibe nomehluko omkhulu xa ukhanyisa iithagethi zomkhosi. I-Laser rangefinder ephathekayo yenzelwe ukusetyenziswa emkhosini, ekhuselekileyo emehlweni abantu.

3. INanometer Erbium(III) oxide inokongezwa kwiglasi ukwenza imathiriyeli yelaser yeglasi yomhlaba enqabileyo, eyilaser esomeleleyo imathiriyeli enegunya elikhulu lokuphuma kwepulse kunye namandla aphezulu aphumayo ngoku.

4. I-Nanometer Erbium(III) oxide isenokusetyenziswa njenge-ion yokuvula yezinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba eziguqulayo zelaser.

5. I-Nanometer Erbium (III) oxide ingasetyenziswa kwakhona kwi-decolorization kunye nombala weglasi yamehlo kunye neglasi yecrystalline.

INanometer yttrium oxide (Y2O3)

Usetyenziso oluphambili lwe-nano yttrium oxide lulandelayo: 1. Izongezo zensimbi kunye ne-nonferrous alloys. I-alloy ye-FeCr ihlala iqulethe i-0.5% ~ 4% ye-nano yttrium oxide, enokuphucula ukuxhathisa kwe-oxidation kunye ne-ductility yezi zinsimbi ezingenasici Emva kokongeza umthamo ofanelekileyo womxube onqabileyo womhlaba ocebileyo kwi-nanometer yttrium oxide kwi-alloy ye-MB26, iipropati ezibanzi ze-alloy zazicacile. iphuculwe izolo, ingathatha indawo yealloyi ephakathi kunye neyomeleleyo ye-aluminiyam kumacandelo anoxinzelelo lwenqwelomoya; Ukongeza inani elincinci le-nano yttrium oxide yomhlaba onqabileyo kwi-Al-Zr alloy inokuphucula ukuqhutyelwa kwe-alloy; I-alloy yamkelwe ngobuninzi beefektri zocingo e-China. I-Nano-yttrium oxide yongezwa kwi-alloy yobhedu ukuphucula i-conductivity kunye namandla omatshini. 2. Izinto ze-Silicon nitride ceramic eziqulethe i-6% nano yttrium oxide kunye ne-2% ye-aluminium.Ingasetyenziselwa ukuphuhlisa iinxalenye ze-injini. 3. Ukugaya, ukusika, i-welding kunye nokunye ukucutshungulwa komatshini kuqhutyelwa kumacandelo amakhulu ngokusebenzisa i-nano neodymium oxide i-aluminium garnet laser beam ngamandla angama-400 watts. 4. Isikrini se-electron microscope enziwe nge-Y-Al garnet ikristale enye inokukhanya okuphezulu kwe-fluorescence, ukufunxa okuphantsi kokukhanya okuthe saa, kunye nokumelana nobushushu obuphezulu kunye nokumelana nokunxiba ngoomatshini.5. I-alloy ye-nano yttrium oxide ephezulu ye-alloy equkethe i-90% ye-nano gadolinium oxide ingasetyenziswa kwi-aviation kunye nezinye iziganeko ezifuna ukuxinana okuphantsi kunye nendawo ephezulu yokunyibilika. 6. Izinto eziphezulu zokushisa iproton conductive eziqukethe i-90% nano yttrium oxide zibaluleke kakhulu ekuveliseni iiseli zepetroli, iiseli ze-electrolytic kunye ne-gas sensors ezifuna ukunyibilika kwe-hydrogen ephezulu. Ukongeza, iNano-yttrium oxide ikwasetyenziswa njengezinto ezixhathisayo kubushushu obuphezulu, idiluent yamafutha eathom yereactor, isongezelelo semathiriyeli yemagnethi esisigxina kunye ne-getter kushishino lombane.

Ukongeza koku ngasentla, i-nano enqabileyo yomhlaba i-oxides ingasetyenziselwa kwimpahla yempahla yokunakekelwa kwempilo yabantu kunye nokukhuselwa kwendalo. Ukususela kwiiyunithi zangoku zophando, zonke zinezikhokelo ezithile: imisebe ye-anti-ultraviolet; Ungcoliseko lomoya nemitha ye<em>ultraviolet zichanabeke kwizifo zolusu nomhlaza wolusu; Ukuthintela ungcoliseko kwenza kube nzima ukuba izinto ezingcolisayo zibambelele empahleni; Kwakhona kufundwa kwicala lokugcinwa kwe-anti-ukufudumala.Ngenxa yokuba isikhumba sinzima kwaye kulula ukuguga, sithandwa kakhulu kwi-mildew kwiintsuku zemvula. Isikhumba sinokuthanjiswa nge-bleaching nge-nano enqabileyo yomhlaba i-cerium oxide, engelula ukuguga kunye ne-mildew, kwaye ikhululekile ukuyinxiba. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, izinto zokugubungela i-nano nazo zijolise kuphando lwe-nano-materials, kwaye uphando oluphambili lujolise kwiingubo ezisebenzayo. I-Y2O3 ene-80nm e-United States ingasetyenziswa njenge-infrared shielding coating.Ukusebenza kokubonisa ukushisa kuphezulu kakhulu. I-CeO2 inesalathisi esiphezulu se-refractive kunye nokuzinza okuphezulu. Xa i-nano enqabileyo yomhlaba i-yttrium oxide, i-nano lanthanum oxide kunye ne-nano cerium oxide powder yongezwa kwi-coating, udonga lwangaphandle lunokumelana nokuguga, kuba udonga lwangaphandle luyakwazi ukuguga kunye nokuwa ngenxa yokuba ipeyinti ibonakaliswe ekukhanyeni kwelanga kunye nemisebe ye-ultraviolet. ixesha elide, kwaye inokumelana nemisebe ye-ultraviolet emva kokongeza i-cerium oxide kunye ne-yttrium oxide.Ngaphezu koko, ubungakanani bayo bencinci buncinci, kwaye i-nano cerium oxide isetyenziselwa i-ultraviolet absorber, ekulindeleke ukuba isetyenziswe ukukhusela ukuguga kweplastiki. iimveliso ngenxa yokukhanya kwe-ultraviolet, iitanki, iimoto, iinqanawa, iitanki zokugcina i-oyile, njl., ezinokukhusela ngokufanelekileyo iibhodi ezinkulu zangaphandle kunye nokuthintela ukubola, umswakama kunye nokungcola kweengubo zangaphakathi zodonga. Ngenxa yobukhulu balo obuncinci, uthuli alulula ukunamathela eludongeni.Kwaye lunokuhlanjululwa ngamanzi. Kusekho ukusetyenziswa okuninzi kwe-nano enqabileyo yomhlaba i-oxides ekufuneka iphandwe ngakumbi kwaye iphuhliswe, kwaye sithemba ngokunyanisekileyo ukuba iya kuba nekamva eliqaqambileyo.