I-Neodymium yenye yezona zimbiwa zomhlaba ezinqabileyo ezisebenzayo

Ngo-1839, iCGMosander yaseSweden yafumanisa umxube welanthanum (lan) kunye nepraseodymium (pu) kunye neodymium (nǚ).

Emva koko, iikhemisti kwihlabathi liphela zanikela ingqalelo ekhethekileyo ekwahluleni izinto ezintsha kwizinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba ezifunyenweyo.

Ngo-1885, u-AVWelsbach, wase-Austrian, wafumanisa i-praseodymium kunye neodymium kumxube we-praseodymium kunye neodymium ethathwa nguMossander "njengezinto ezintsha". Omnye wabo wabizwa ngokuba yi-neodymium, eyathi kamva yenziwa lula njengeNeodymium. Isimboli Nd yi-neodymium.

I-Neodymium, i-praseodymium, i-gadolinium (gá) kunye ne-samarium (shan) zonke zazahlulwa kwi-didymium, eyayithathwa njengento enqabileyo yomhlaba ngelo xesha. Ngenxa yokufunyanwa kwabo, i-didymium ayisagcinwa. Kukufumanisa kwabo okuvula umnyango wesithathu wokufunyanwa kwezinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba kwaye linqanaba lesithathu lokufunyanwa kwezinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba. Kodwa oku kukuphela kwesiqingatha somsebenzi kwinqanaba lesithathu.Ngokuchanekileyo, isango le-cerium kufuneka livulwe okanye ukuhlukana kwe-cerium kugqitywe, kwaye esinye isiqingatha kufuneka sivulwe okanye ukuhlukana kwe-yttrium kugqitywe.

I-Neodymium, isimboli sekhemikhali i-Nd, isinyithi esimhlophe esisilivere, yenye yezona zimbiwa zomhlaba ezinqabileyo ezisebenzayo, ezinendawo yokunyibilika eyi-1024°C, ingxinano ye-7.004 g/㎝kunye neparamagnetism.

Eyona nto isetyenziswayo:

I-Neodymium iye yaba yindawo eshushu kwimarike iminyaka emininzi ngenxa yendawo yayo ekhethekileyo kwintsimi yomhlaba onqabileyo. Oyena msebenzisi mkhulu wentsimbi ye-neodymium yi-NdFeB esisigxina yemagnethi. Ukufika kweemagnethi ezisisigxina ze-NdFeB kufake amandla amatsha kwindawo enqabileyo yomhlaba yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu. Imagnethi yeNdFeB ibizwa ngokuba "yinkosi yeemagnethi ezisisigxina" ngenxa yemveliso yayo ephezulu yemagnethi.Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-electronics, oomatshini kunye namanye amashishini ngokusebenza kwayo okugqwesileyo.

I-Neodymium iphinda isetyenziswe kwizinto ezingenayo i-ferrous. Ukongeza i-1.5-2.5% ye-neodymium kwi-magnesium okanye i-aluminium alloy inokuphucula ukusebenza kobushushu obuphezulu, ukuqina komoya kunye nokumelana nokubola kwe-alloy, kwaye isetyenziswa ngokubanzi njengezinto ze-aerospace.

Ukongeza, i-neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet ivelisa i-laser beam ye-short-wave, esetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwi-welding kunye nokusika izinto ezincinci ezinobunzima obungaphantsi kwe-10mm kwishishini.

Kunyango lwezonyango, Nd: YAG laser isetyenziselwa ukususa utyando okanye disinfect amanxeba endaweni scalpel. I-Neodymium ikwasetyenziselwa ukufaka imibala kwiglasi kunye nemathiriyeli yeceramic nanjengesongezo kwiimveliso zerabha.

Ngophuhliso lwenzululwazi kunye nobuchwepheshe kunye nokwandiswa kunye nokwandiswa kwenzululwazi yomhlaba enqabileyo kunye nobuchwepheshe, i-neodymium iya kuba nendawo yokusetyenziswa ebanzi.

I-Neodymium (Nd) sisinyithi somhlaba esinqabileyo. Umthubi omthubi, ngokulula oxidized emoyeni, esetyenziselwa ukwenza i-alloy kunye neglasi ye-optical.

Ngokuzalwa kwepraseodymium, i-neodymium yabakho. Ukufika kwe-neodymium kwavula ibala lomhlaba elinqabileyo, kwadlala indima ebalulekileyo kwibala elinqabileyo lomhlaba, kwaye kwaba nefuthe kwintengiso yomhlaba enqabileyo.

Ukusetyenziswa kweNeodymium: Isetyenziselwa ukwenza iiseramics, iglasi emfusa eqaqambileyo, irubhi eyenziweyo kwilaser kunye neglasi ekhethekileyo ekwaziyo ukuhluza imitha ye-infrared. Isetyenziswa kunye nepraseodymium ukwenza iiglasi zokuvuthela iglasi. I-Mich metal esetyenziselwa ukwenza insimbi iqulethe i-18% ye-neodymium.

Neodymium oxide Nd2 O3; Ubunzima bemolekyuli yi-336.40; Ilavenda ngumgubo oqinileyo, kulula ukuchatshazelwa kukufuma, ukufunxa ikharbon diokside emoyeni, onganyibilikiyo emanzini, unyibilika kwi-asidi ye-inorganic. Uxinzelelo olunxulumeneyo luyi-7.24. Indawo yokunyibilika imalunga ne-1900℃, kwaye i-valence oxide ephezulu ye-neodymium inokwakheka ngokuyinxenye ngokufudumeza emoyeni.

Usetyenziso: Isetyenziselwa ukwenza imathiriyeli yemagnethi esisigxina, imibala yeglasi kunye neeseramikhi kunye nemathiriyeli yelaser.

I-nanometer neodymium oxide ikwasetyenziselwa ukufaka imibala kwiglasi kunye nezixhobo ze-ceramic, iimveliso zerabha kunye nezongezo.

Intsimbi yePr-nd; Ifomula yemolekyuli ithi Pr-Nd; Iipropati: Ibhloko yensimbi yesilivere-ngwevu, i-metallic luster, i-oxidized ngokulula emoyeni. Injongo: Isetyenziswa ikakhulu njengesixhobo semagnethi esisigxina.

I-neodymium ekhuselayo inokucaphuka okunamandla emehlweni kunye ne-mucous membrane, ukucaphuka okuphakathi eluswini, kunye nokuphefumla kunokubangela i-pulmonary embolism kunye nomonakalo wesibindi.

Into yokwenza:

Ukucaphukisa amehlo, ulusu, inwebu ye-mucous kunye nomgudu wokuphefumula.

Isisombululo:

1. Ukuphefumla: shiya indawo emoyeni omtsha. Ukuba ukuphefumla kunzima, nika ioksijini. Funa unyango.

2. Ukudibana kwamehlo: Phakamisa inkophe uze uhlambe ngamanzi abalekayo okanye ityuwa eqhelekileyo. Funa unyango.

3. Ukudityaniswa kolusu: Khulula iimpahla ezinentsholongwane kwaye uhlambe ngamanzi abalekayo.

4. Ukutya: Sela amanzi amaninzi ashushu ukuze ugabhe. Funa unyango.

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