Igama elithi 'i-catalyst' lisetyenziswe ukususela ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-19, kodwa sele lisaziwa ngokubanzi malunga neminyaka engama-30, malunga no-1970s xa ungcoliseko lomoya kunye neminye imiba yaba yingxaki. Ngaphambi koko, yadlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu kubunzulu bezityalo zemichiza abantu abangenakukwazi ukuyiqwalasela, ngokuthula kodwa ngokuqhubekayo amashumi eminyaka. Yintsika enkulu yeshishini lemichiza, kwaye ngokufunyaniswa kwezinto ezintsha zokuvuselela, ishishini lemichiza elikhulu alikaphuhli kude kube lishishini lemathiriyeli enxulumeneyo. Ngokomzekelo, ukufunyanwa nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zentsimbi kwabeka isiseko soshishino lwale mihla lwemichiza, ngelixa ukufunyanwa kwezixhobo ezisekelwe kwi-titanium kwavula indlela ye-petrochemical kunye ne-polymer synthesis industries. Enyanisweni, ukusetyenziswa kwantlandlolo kwezinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba nako kwaqala ngezinto ezincedayo. Kwi-1885, i-Austrian CAV Welsbach ifake isisombululo se-nitric acid equkethe i-99% ye-ThO2 kunye ne-1% ye-CeO2 kwi-asbestos ukwenza i-catalyst, eyayisetyenziswa kwishishini lokuvelisa izibane ze-steam lampshades.
Kamva, ngophuhliso lobugcisa bemizi-mveliso kunye nokujula kophando kwiimihlaba enqabileyo, kwafunyaniswa ukuba ngenxa yesiphumo esihle se-synergistic phakathi komhlaba onqabileyo kunye namanye amacandelo e-catalytic yesinyithi, izinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba ze-catalytic ezenziwe kuzo azinayo nje ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-catalytic, kodwa zinokusebenza kakuhle kwe-anti poisoning kunye nokuzinza okuphezulu. Zininzi kakhulu kwizibonelelo, zingabizi kwixabiso, kwaye zizinzile ngakumbi ekusebenzeni kunezinyithi ezixabisekileyo, kwaye ziye zaba ngamandla amatsha kwintsimi ye-catalytic. Okwangoku, ii-catalysts zomhlaba ezinqabileyo zisetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo ezifana nokuqhekeka kwepetroleum, ishishini lemichiza, ukucocwa kombhobho wemoto, kunye nokutshiswa kwegesi yendalo. Ukusetyenziswa komhlaba onqabileyo kwinkalo yezixhobo ze-catalytic kubala isabelo esikhulu. I-United States idla inxalenye enkulu yomhlaba onqabileyo kwi-catalysis, kwaye i-China iphinda idle isixa esikhulu kule ndawo.
Iimathiriyeli ezinqabileyo zomhlaba ziyaqhubeka zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwimimandla yemveli efana nepetroleum kunye nobunjineli bemichiza. Ngokwandiswa kolwazi lokusingqongileyo kuzwelonke, ngakumbi ngokusondela kweBeijing 2008 Olimpiki kunye neShanghai 2010 World Expo, imfuno kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba eziluncedo ekukhuselweni kokusingqongileyo, njengokucocwa kombhobho wemoto, ukutshiswa kwegesi yendalo, ukutshiswa kwegesi yendalo, ioyile yeshishini lokutya. ukucocwa komsi, ukucocwa kwegesi ephuma kwimizi-mveliso, kunye nokupheliswa kwerhasi eguquguqukayo yenkunkuma yezinto eziphilayo, ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kwanda kakhulu.
Ixesha lokuposa: Oct-11-2023