Izinto ezinqabileyo zomhlabazibalulekile kuphuhliso lwetekhnoloji ephezulu njengamandla kunye nezixhobo ezitsha, kwaye zibe nexabiso lesicelo elibanzi kwimihlaba efana ne-aerospace, iZiko leSizwe, kunye neShishini leSizwe. Iziphumo zemfazwe yanamhlanje zibonisa ukuba izixhobo zomhlaba ezinqabileyo zilawula i-backfield, inqabile yomhlaba onqabileyo umele izibonelelo zomntu, kwaye ukuba nezibonelelo ziqinisekisiwe. Ke ngoko, umhlaba onqabileyo ukhubazekile uqoqosho oluphambili lwehlabathi kwihlabathi liphela, kwaye izicwangciso eziphambili zezinto eziluhlaza ezifana nezomhlaba zihlala zinyuka kwizicwangciso eziliqili. IYurophu, eJapan, i-United States kunye namanye amazwe kunye nemimandla inika ingqalelo ngakumbi kwizinto eziphambili ezinjengomhlaba onqabileyo. Ngo-2008, izinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba zadweliswa njenge "Licebo leZixhobo eziphambili" liSebe leMimandla le-United States; Ekuqaleni kuka-2010, i-European Union yabhengeza ukusekwa kwesicwangciso sobuchule kumazwe anqabileyo; Ngo-2007, iSebe laseJapan leMfundo, iNkcubeko, isayensi kunye neTekhnoloji, kunye neCandelo loMphathiswa Wezoqoqosho, iShishini kunye neTekhnoloji, icebe isiCwangciso seSicwangciso seLimen ". Bathathe amanyathelo aphumeleleyo kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo kwizibonelelo zobutyebi, inkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji, ukufunyanwa kwezixhobo, kunye nokukhangela ezinye izinto. Ukuqala kweli nqaku, umhleli uya kwazisa ngokweenkcukacha izinto ezibalulekileyo kunye nokungabinantsingiselo yophuhliso lwembali kunye neendima zezinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba.
I-Terbium Ngaba ngudidi lwehlabathi elinamandla, kunye nentabalala esezantsi kumhlaba ophantsi komhlaba kwi-1.1 ye-PPM kuphela.I-Terbim OxideIiakhawunti ezingaphantsi kwe-0.01% yehlabathi lonke elinqabileyo. Nokuba kwi-teide ye-teride ion yohlobo olunqabileyo lomhlaba onqabileyo olona nqanaba luphezulu lweTerbium, i-Terbim kuphela inika i-1.1-1.2% yomhlaba onqabileyo womhlaba onqabileyo, obonakalisa udidi lwezinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba. I-Terbium yintsimbi yesilivere engwevu kunye nokuthambisa okuthambileyo, okunokunqunyulwa ivulekile ngesitshetshe; Inqaku lokunyibilika 1360 ℃, inqaku lokubila 3123 ℃, ukuxinana 8229 4kg / m3. Ngaphezulu kweminyaka eli-100 ukususela ekufumaneni kweTerbium ngo-1843, ukunqongophala kunye nexabiso likuthintele isicelo sayo ixesha elide. Kule minyaka ingama-30 idlulileyo ukuba i-Terbium ibonakalise italente yayo eyahlukileyo.
Ukufunyanwa kweTerbium
Ngexesha elinye xai-lanthanumyafunyanwa, uKarl G. Mosander weSweden wahlalutya okokuqalayttriumkwaye wapapasha ingxelo ngo-1842, ecacisa ukuba uMhlaba wokuqala wafumanisa ukuba umhlaba wawungenguye umntu onesithathu. Ngo-1843, uMossander wafumanisa i-terbium eqinileyo ngophando lwe-Jttring emhlabeni. Wasambiza omnye wabo wazo iYttrim Soude kwaye omnye waboi-erbim oxide. Kwakungekho de kwango-1877 ukuba kwathiwa tebhium, kunye ne-SB ye-TB. I-Naming yayo ivela kumthombo ofanayo njenge-Yttrium, ivela kwilali yaseYtterby kufutshane neStockholm, iSweden, apho i-Ore ye-Ore yafunyanwa kuqala. Ukufunyanwa kweTerbium kunye nezinye izinto ezimbini, uLanthanum no-Erhanhanium, kwavula ucango lwesibini ekufumaneni izinto zomhlaba ezinqabileyo, ukumakisha inqanaba lesibini lokufumanisa. Yaqala ukuhlanjululwa nguG. Urban ngo-1905.
Mossander
Ukusetyenziswa kweTerbium
Ukusetyenziswa kweI-TerbiumUbukhulu becala ubandakanya amacandelo aphezulu obuchwephesha, onobugcisa obukhulu kunye nolwazi olunamandla anqabileyo, kunye neeprojekthi ezinesibonelelo esibalulekileyo soqoqosho, ngamathemba ophuhliso olunomtsalane. Eyona ndawo iphambili yesicelo ibandakanya: (1) Ukusetyenziswa kwimo yomhlaba onqabileyo. Umzekelo, isetyenziswa njengelitye elinqabileyo lomhlaba elinqabileyo kunye notyalo lwezolimo. . Izixhobo ze-Optoectroalctlectroalctlectronict zifuna ukusetyenziswa kwemibala emithathu esisiseko yephosprhors, ebizwa ngokuba yibomvu, eluhlaza, kunye neblowu, enokusetyenziselwa ukuqesha imibala eyahlukeneyo. I-Terbium yinxalenye engenakuphikiswa kwiindawo ezininzi eziphezulu eziphezulu eziphezulu ze-fluorescer. . Iifilimu ze-Amorphous i-terbium yensimbi yensimbi isetyenziselwe ukwenza i-dispical yokusebenza ephezulu ye-magneto optical. (4) Ukwenza iglasi ye-magneto yokwaqhwithi. Iglasi ye-roqo ye-roqo ene-terbium inento ephambili yokufumana iintambo zemveliso, aboluka kunye neesetyhula kwitekhnoloji yaseLayer. .
Kwezolimo kunye nezamandla kwezilwanyana
I-terbium enqabileyoUnokuphucula umgangatho wesivuyi kwaye unyuse i-photosynthesis ngaphakathi koluhlu oluthile. Izinto ezikhoyo zeTerbium zinomsebenzi webhayoloji ephezulu, kunye nezona zinto zinkulu zeTerbium, i-TB (i-TB) 3Benim (i-Bactericiday kwi-Standellococcur, i-Bacilticidas Subrilis, kunye ne-Escheritis, kunye ne-Escrilic Coli. Ukufundisisa kwezi ntlobo kubonelela ngesikhokelo sophando esitsha seziyobisi zanamhlanje.
Isetyenziswe kwicandelo lokwalusa
Izixhobo ze-Optoectroalctlectroalctlectronict zifuna ukusetyenziswa kwemibala emithathu esisiseko yephosprhors, ebizwa ngokuba yibomvu, eluhlaza, kunye neblowu, enokusetyenziselwa ukuqesha imibala eyahlukeneyo. I-Terbium yinxalenye engenakuphikiswa kwiindawo ezininzi eziphezulu eziphezulu eziphezulu ze-fluorescer. Ukuba ukuzalwa kombala womhlaba onqabileyo weTV yeTV ye-fluorescent kukhuthaze imfuno ye-Yttrium ne-Europium, emva koko isicelo kunye nophuhliso lwe-terbium zikhuthazwe ngumhlaba onqabileyo wezibane. Ebutsheni bowe-1980s, iPhilip ihlelele i-Compas yeHlabathi yeLizwe le-Compact Fourascent yeFluorescent kwaye yakhawuleza yaphakamisa kwihlabathi jikelele. Tb3+ions can emit green light with a wavelength of 545nm, and almost all rare earth green fluorescent powders use terbium as an activator.
I-Green Fluorescent Powder esetyenziselwa imibala yeTV yeTV yeTV Ngokuphuhliswa kwamabonakude obukhulu kwi-trical screen Umzekelo, i-hybrid green fluorescent powder iphuhliswe phesheya, equka i-Y3 (i-Al, G) ye-TB3 +, i-TB3 + ye-TB3 +, i-Y2SIO5: i-TB3 +, enesifo samagama aphezulu.
I-Gay yendabuko ye-X-ray fluorescent powder yi-calcium tungstate. Ngeminyaka yee-1970 kunye ne-1980s, i-termoresced ye-fluorescent yemvakalelo yokuphuhliswa, njengeTerbim Bromide oxide (i-Terbim isebenza i-termim sulfim sulfide. Xa kuthelekiswa ne-calcium tungstate, i-calle yomhlaba enqabileyo ye-fluorescent inokunciphisa ixesha le-X-ray ye-X-ray films, iphucule i-filmopu yefilimu ye-x-ray, kwaye inciphise ukusetyenziswa kwamandla. I-Terbim ikwasetyenziswa njenge-roborest ye-fluorescent ye-ray screens, enokuphucula kakhulu imvakalelo yokuguqula i-X-ray ye-X-ray fictures eqinile, kwaye inciphise idosi yokuveza ye-X-rays ukuya kwi-rays yomntu (ngaphezulu kwe-50%).
I-Terbiumikwasetyenziswa njenge-arctivator kwi-phosphor ye-White Eyokhlise i-phosphori yochulumancile ngesibane esincinci se-semiconductor entsha. Ingasetyenziselwa ukuvelisa i-Terbim Alumnum Agstrical Agstal Agstal ye-mpumel, esebenzisa i-Deble ekhupha imithombo yolwazi, kwaye i-fluorescence ye-fluoresnce ixutywe nokukhanya okumhlophe.
The electroluminescent materials made from terbium mainly include zinc sulfide green fluorescent powder with terbium as the activator. Ngaphantsi kwe-Irradiot i-Irradiation, i-organic sperdes yeTerbium inokukhupha i-fluorescence yomeleleyo kwaye inokusetyenziswa njengezixhobo ezinombala omdaka. Nangona inkqubela phambili ebalulekileyo yenziwe kuphononongo lweefilimu ezinqabileyo ze-elektroniki ezinqabileyo, kusekho isithuba esithile esivela ekusebenziseni iifilimu ze-elektroniki ezinobunzima kunye nezixhobo zisebunzulu.
Iimpawu ze-Fluorescence Iimpawu zeTerbium nazo zisetyenziswa njenge-fluoresces. Unxibelelwano phakathi kwe-Olloxacin Terbium (i-TB3 +) I-Deoxyribonucle Acid (i-DNA) yayifundwe kusetyenziswa i-fluorescence kunye ne-Ackepy Probe yoPhando luka-Olloxacin (i-TB3 +). Iziphumo zibonise ukuba i-Obloxacin i-TB3 + inokuthi ibophelelene ne-roove ngeemolekyuli zeDNA, kwaye uDeoxyribonucCiic Acid unokuphucula kakhulu ifluorescence ye-Obloxacin ye-otloxacin ye-otloxacin ye-otloxacin ye-Outloxacin ye-Outloxacin ye-Outloxacin ye-Outloxacin ye-Orloxacin ye-Orloxacin ye-Outloxacin ye-Outloxacin ye-Orloxacin ye-Orloxacin ye-Orloxacin ye-Orloxacin ye-Orloxacin ye-Outloxacin ye-Outloxacin yeTB3 + yenkqubo. Ngokusekwe kolu tshintsho, uDeoxyribonucleic Acid unokumiselwa.
Ngezixhobo zeMagneto Optical
Izixhobo ezinesiphumo sendawo, esaziwa njengezixhobo ze-magneto-optical, zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwi-lasers kunye nezinye izixhobo zamehlo. Zimbini iintlobo zezixhobo zeMagneto Optical: I-magneto optial kunye neglasi eyakhiwe nguMagneto. Phakathi kwazo, amakristali ye-magneto-optial (njenge-Yttrium Garnet kunye neTerbium Galnet) zineengenelo zokusebenza okusebenzayo kunye nokuzinza okuphezulu, kodwa zibiza kakhulu kwaye kuyabiza kwaye kunzima ukwenza. Ukongeza, iikristali ezininzi zeMagneto of magnes ezinama-Angles ePhakamileyo yeFayile inee-angles eziphezulu kuluhlu lwamaza amafutshane, olunokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwabo. Xa kuthelekiswa neekristali ze-magneto optial, iglasi ye-magneto ye-optical inenzuzo yokusasazeka okuphezulu kwaye kulula ukuba zenziwe kwiibhloko ezinkulu okanye iintsinga. Okwangoku, iiglasi zeMagneto-Optical enefuthe eliphezulu lolwahlulo ikakhulu zinqabile iiglasi ze-ion zomhlaba.
Isetyenziselwa izixhobo zokugcina amaMagneto
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, kunye nophuhliso olukhawulezileyo lwe-Multimedia kunye ne-ofisi ye-omeme, imfuno yediski ye-disnetic ephezulu ye-disnetic ephakamileyo yanda. Iifilimu ze-Amorphous i-terbium yensimbi yensimbi isetyenziselwe ukwenza i-dispical yokusebenza ephezulu ye-magneto optical. Phakathi kwabo, ifilimu ye-TBECO ye-TBECO ye-TBECOY ineyona ndlela ibalaseleyo. Izinto ze-terbium ezisezantsi ze-magneto ze-magneto zivelisiwe kwindawo enkulu, kunye neediski ze-magneto-ezifanelekileyo zenziwe kuzo zisetyenziswa njengezinto zokugcina ikhompyutha, kunye nomsebenzi wogcino onyuke ngamaxesha ayi-10-16. Banezibonelelo zezakhono ezinkulu kunye nezantya zokufikelela ngokukhawuleza, kwaye zinokutshitshiswa kwaye zidityaniswe amashumi amawaka amawaka xa isetyenziselwa iidiski ze-disns. Zizinto ezibalulekileyo kwitekhnoloji yolwazi nge-elektroniki. Ezona zinto ziqhelekileyo zisetyenziswa zizinto ezibonakalayo ze-magneto-optims kwi-terbium gebhium pallium parstium paystal, eyeyona ndawo iphambili ye-magneto-optical ye-rotator kunye nesolatori.
Iglasi ye-magneto of magneto
Iglasi ye-faraday magneto of magneto ye-Magneto ye-Magneto ye-Magne inobala oluhle kunye ne-isotropy kwimimandla ebonakalayo neyinxunguphele, kwaye inokwenza imilo eyahlukeneyo. Kulula ukuvelisa iimveliso ezinkulu kwaye zinokutsalwa kubakhezi. Ke ngoko, inamachaphaza asetyenzisiweyo asetyenziswayo kwizixhobo zeMagneto Optical Assoot yesoators, iimodyuli zeMagneto Optical, kunye neFiber Optic Abesors. Ngenxa yomzuzu omkhulu wemagnetic kunye ne-action encinci ebonakalayo kuluhlu olubonakalayo noluhlaza, i-TB3 + i-ions isetyenziswe emhlabeni inqabile i-magneto of glasses.
I-Terbium Dysprosium Fersprosium Ferromagnet-stalty
Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane yama-20, ngokuqhubeka nokuqhubeka kwenguquko yobugcisa behlabathi, izixhobo ezintsha zomhlaba ezinqabileyo zavela ngokukhawuleza. Ngo-1984, i-Io ye-Iowa State yeSebe leMibutho yaseMelika, kunye neZiko loPhando laseMelika lase-US. Esi sixhobo sitsha sokuqonda sineempawu ezintle zokuguqula amandla ngokukhawuleza kumatshini oomatshini. Amanzi aphantsi kwamanzi kunye no-Acoustic Translaustrs olwenziwe ngezixhobo ze-genestostices ezi-genestostrive eziye zalungiswa ngempumelelo kwizixhobo ze-Naval, izithethi ezibonakalayo zeoyile, ingxolo kunye neenkqubo zolawulo lwendawo kunye neenkqubo zonxibelelwano eziphantsi komhlaba. Ke ngoko, nje ukuba i-Terbium Dysprosium yentsimbi ye-genetostium ye-genetostiation yazalwa, yafumana ingqalelo ebanzi kumazwe ahambele phambili kwezoqoqosho kwihlabathi liphela. Itekhnoloji yomphetho e-United States yaqala ukuvelisa izixhobo ze-Gybium Dysprosium ze-Gysprosium ngo-1989 zaza zathi, iSweden, iSweden, e-Australia, i-Australia ivele i-Terbim Dysprosium.
Ukusuka kwimbali yokuphuhliswa kwale nto e-United States, zombini ukuyilwa kwezinto kunye nezicelo zayo zokuqala zihambelana ngqo neshishini lomkhosi (njengokwakho). Nangona amasebe e-China nelasemkhosini kunye nokuqiniswa ngokuthe ngcembe ukuqonda ukuqonda kwabo le nto. Nangona kunjalo, ngokuphuculwa okukhulu kwamandla amakhulu e-China, ibango lokufezekisa isicwangciso-nkqubo esinokhuphiswano lwenkulungwane yama-21 kunye nokuphucula amanqanaba izixhobo ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kungxamiseka kakhulu. Ke ngoko, ukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwe-terbium dysprosium yentsimbi ye-genestossium ye-genestostossubs ngamasebe emkhosini naseZwelonke iya kuba yimbali yembali.
Ngamafutshane, ezona ndawo zininzi zeI-TerbiumYenza ilungu elingaqondakaliyo lezinto ezininzi ezisebenzayo kunye nendawo engenakufanelwe kwezinye iindawo zesicelo. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yexabiso eliphezulu leTerbium, abantu babefunda indlela yokuphepha nokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kweTerbium ukuze kunciphise iindleko. Umzekelo, izinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba ezinqabileyo zeMagneto-i-ofisi kufuneka isebenzise i-Dysprosium ye-Dysprosium ye-ANSROSIIC ye-Iron Zama ukunciphisa umxholo weTerbium kwi-Green Fluorescent Powder ekufuneka isetyenziswe. Ixabiso liye laba yinto ebalulekileyo kuthintela ukusetyenziswa kweTerbium. Kodwa izinto ezininzi ezisebenzayo azinakwenza ngaphandle kwawo, ke kufuneka silandele umgaqo-siseko wokuba "sisebenzisa intsimbi elungileyo kwi-blade" kwaye sizame ukugcina ukusetyenziswa kweTerbim kangangoko kunokwenzeka.
I-Post Time: Aug-07-2023