Ngoku,umhlaba onqabileyoizinto zisetyenziswa ikakhulu kwiindawo ezimbini ezinkulu: zemveli kunye high-tech. Kwizicelo zemveli, ngenxa yomsebenzi ophezulu wezinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba, ziyakwazi ukuhlambulula ezinye isinyithi kwaye zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwishishini le-metallurgical. Ukongeza ii-oksidi zomhlaba ezinqabileyo kwintsimbi yokunyibilikisa kunokususa ukungcola okufana ne-arsenic, i-antimony, i-bismuth, njl njl. Amandla aphezulu asezantsi entsimbi yealloy eyenziwe ngeeoksidi zomhlaba ezinqabileyo zingasetyenziselwa ukwenza amacandelo eemoto, kwaye inokucinezelwa kwiipleyiti zentsimbi kunye nemibhobho yentsimbi, esetyenzisiweyo. ukwenza imibhobho yeoli nerhasi.
Izinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba zinomsebenzi ophezulu we-catalytic kwaye zisetyenziswa njenge-catalytic cracking agents kwi-petroleum cracking kwishishini le-petroleum ukuphucula isivuno se-oyile elula. Umhlaba onqabileyo nawo usetyenziswa njengezicoci zokukhupha umbhobho wemoto, izomisi zepeyinti, izizinzisi zobushushu beplastiki, kunye nasekwenzeni iimveliso zekhemikhali ezifana nerabha eyenziweyo, uboya obungeyomfuneko, kunye nenayiloni. Ukusebenzisa imichiza kunye nomsebenzi wokufaka umbala we-ionic kwizinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba, zisetyenziswa kwimizi-mveliso yeglasi kunye ne-ceramic ukucacisa iglasi, ukupolisha, ukudaya, ukubola, kunye ne-ceramic pigments. Okokuqala e-China, umhlaba onqabileyo usetyenzisiwe kwezolimo njengezinto zokulandelela kwizichumisi ezidibeneyo, ukukhuthaza imveliso yezolimo. Kwizicelo zemveli, iqela lecerium elinqabileyo lezinto zomhlaba zisetyenziswa ikakhulu, zibalelwa malunga ne-90% yosetyenziso lulonke lweumhlaba onqabileyoizinto.
Kwizicelo zobuchwephesha obuphezulu, ngenxa yesakhiwo esikhethekileyo se-elektroniki seimihlaba enqabileyo,amanqanaba ahlukeneyo amandla otshintsho lwe-elektroniki avelisa imbonakalo ekhethekileyo. Iioksidi zeiyttrium, terbium, kwayeubuchophozisetyenziswa kakhulu njengephosphors ezibomvu koomabonakude bemibala, iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokubonisa, kunye nokwenziwa komgubo wesibane esinombala wesithathu osisiseko. Ukusetyenziswa komhlaba onqabileyo kwiipropathi zemagneti ezikhethekileyo ukwenza iimagnethi ezahlukeneyo ezisisigxina, ezinje ngemagnethi esisigxina yesamarium cobalt kunye neodymium iron boron umazibuthe osisigxina, unamathuba abanzi okusebenza kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo zobuchwephesha obuphezulu obunje ngeenjini zombane, izixhobo zokucinga zenyukliya zemagnethi, i-maglev. oololiwe, kunye nezinye optoelectronics. Iglasi yeLanthanum isetyenziswa kakhulu njengemathiriyeli yeelensi ezahlukeneyo, iilensi, kunye neefiber zamehlo. Iglasi yeCerium isetyenziswa njengesixhobo sokumelana nemitha. Iglasi ye-Neodymium kunye ne-yttrium aluminiyam garnet enqabileyo iikristale zekhompawundi zomhlaba zizinto ezibalulekileyo ze-auroral.
Kwishishini lombane, iikeramics ezahlukeneyo kunye nokongezwa kweneodymium oxide,i-lanthanum oxide, kwayei-yttrium oxidezisetyenziswa njengezinto ezahlukeneyo capacitor. Iintsimbi zomhlaba ezinqabileyo zisetyenziselwa ukwenza iibhetri zenickel hydrogen ezitshajwayo. Kushishino lwamandla e-atom, i-yttrium oxide isetyenziselwa ukwenza iintonga zolawulo lwezixhobo zenyukliya. I-alloys enganyangekiyo kubushushu eyenziwe liqela le-cerium izinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba kunye ne-aluminium kunye ne-magnesium zisetyenziswa kwishishini le-aerospace ukwenza izinto zenqwelomoya, i-spacecraft, imijukujelwa, iirokethi, nokunye. Umhlaba onqabileyo nawo usetyenziswa kwi-superconducting kunye ne-magnetostrictive materials, kodwa lo mba usekwinqanaba lophando kunye nophuhliso.
Imigangatho yomgangatho weintsimbi yomhlaba enqabileyoizibonelelo zibandakanya imiba emibini: iimfuno jikelele zemizi-mveliso yeedipozithi zomhlaba ezinqabileyo kunye nemigangatho yomgangatho wengqwalasela yomhlaba enqabileyo. Umxholo we-F, CaO, TiO2, kunye ne-TFe kwi-fluorocarbon cerium ore concentrate iya kuhlalutywa ngumthengisi, kodwa ayiyi kusetyenziswa njengesiseko sovavanyo; Umgangatho womgangatho woxinaniso oluxubeneyo lwe-bastnaesite kunye ne-monazite lusebenza kugxininiso olufunyenwe emva kokuxhamla. Ukungcola P kunye nomxholo we-CaO wemveliso yebakala lokuqala ibonelela kuphela ngedatha kwaye ayisetyenziswa njengesiseko sovavanyo; IMonazite concentrate ibhekisa kugxininiso lwentsimbi yesanti emva kokuxhamla; I-Phosphorus yttrium ore concentrate ikwabhekiselele kwi-concentrate efunyenwe kwi-santi ore beneficiation.
Uphuhliso kunye nokukhuselwa kwezinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba ezingundoqo zibandakanya iteknoloji yokubuyisela i-ores. Ukudada, ukwahlulwa komxhuzulane, ukwahlulwa kwemagnethi, kunye nenkqubo edityanisiweyo yokuzuza uncedo zonke zisetyenziselwe ukutyebisa izimbiwa zomhlaba ezinqabileyo. Izinto eziphambili ezichaphazela ukurisayikilishwa kwakhona ziquka iindidi kunye neemeko ezenzekayo zezinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba, ulwakhiwo, ulwakhiwo, kunye neempawu zokusasazwa kweeminerali zomhlaba ezinqabileyo, kunye neentlobo kunye neempawu zeeminerali ze-ganggue. Iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuxhamla kufuneka zikhethwe ngokusekelwe kwiimeko ezithile.
Uncedo lwentsimbi ekrwada engundoqo enqabileyo ngokuqhelekileyo yamkela indlela yokudada, ehlala incediswa ngumxhuzulane kunye nokwahlukana kwemagnethi, isenza indibaniselwano yomxhuzulane ojikelezayo, iinkqubo zomxhuzulane wokwahlukana kobubune. Iindawo ezinqabileyo zokubeka umhlaba zigxininiswe kakhulu ngumxhuzulane, oncediswa kukwahlulwa kwemagnethi, ukuphaphatheka, kunye nokwahlukana kombane. I-Baiyunebo enqabileyo yomhlaba idiphozithi yentsimbi e-Inner Mongolia ikakhulu iqulathe i-monazite kunye ne-fluorocarbon cerium ore. I-concentrate yomhlaba enqabileyo equlathe i-60% REO inokufunyanwa ngokusebenzisa inkqubo edibeneyo yokuhlamba okuxubeneyo kokuhlamba umxhuzulane wokwahlula ukudada. Idiphozithi yomhlaba enqabileyo yaseYaniuping e-Mianning, iSichuan ivelisa ubukhulu becala i-fluorocarbon cerium ore, kunye ne-concentrate yomhlaba enqabileyo equlethe i-60% REO nayo ifunyenwe ngokusebenzisa inkqubo yokwahlukana komxhuzulane. Ukukhethwa kwee-arhente zeflotation ngundoqo kwimpumelelo yendlela yokudada ekusetyenzweni kwezimbiwa. Iiminerali zomhlaba ezinqabileyo eziveliswe ngumgodi we-Nanshan Haibin placer e-Guangdong ubukhulu becala yi-monazite kunye ne-yttrium phosphate. I-slurry efunyenwe ekuhlanjweni kwamanzi abonakalisiweyo ixhomekeke kwi-spiral beneficiation, ilandelwa ukuhlukana kwe-gravity, yongezwa ngokuhlukana kwamagnetic kunye ne-flotation, ukufumana i-monazite concentrate equkethe i-60.62% REO kunye ne-phosphorite concentrate equkethe i-Y2O525.35%.
Ixesha lokuposa: Oct-17-2023