Esona sizathu siphambili sokuba kutheni izithuthi zombane zifumene ingqwalasela enkulu kuluntu kukuba ukutshintsha ukusuka kwiinjini zokutsha zangaphakathi eziqhumayo ukuya kwizithuthi zombane kunokuba neenzuzo ezininzi zokusingqongileyo, kukhawulezisa ukubuyiselwa kwe-ozone layer kunye nokunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwabantu ngokubanzi kumafutha efosili. Zonke ezi zizathu ezilungileyo zokuqhuba izithuthi zombane, kodwa le ngcamango inengxaki encinci kwaye inokubangela ingozi kwindalo. Ngokucacileyo, izithuthi zombane zisebenza ngombane kunepetroli. La mandla ombane agcinwe kwibhetri ye-lithium-ion yangaphakathi. Enye into uninzi lwethu oluhlala siyilibala kukuba iibhetri azikhuli emithini. Nangona iibhetri ezinokutshajwa zichitha ngaphantsi kakhulu kuneebhetri ezilahlwayo ozifumana kwizinto zokudlala, kusafuneka zivele ndaweni ithile, nto leyo esebenza ngamandla emigodini. Iibhetri zinokuba nobuhlobo bendalo ngakumbi kunepetroli emva kokugqiba imisebenzi, kodwa ukuveliswa kwazo kufuna ukufundisisa ngononophelo.
Amalungu ebhetri
Ibhetri yezithuthi zombane yenziwe ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokuqhubaizinto zomhlaba ezinqabileyo, kuqukaneodymium, idysprosium, kwaye kunjalo, i-lithium. Ezi zinto zembiwa kakhulu kwihlabathi jikelele, kumlinganiselo ofanayo neentsimbi ezixabisekileyo ezifana negolide nesilivere. Enyanisweni, ezi zimbiwa zomhlaba zinqabileyo zixabiseke ngakumbi kunegolide okanye isilivere, njengoko zenza umqolo woluntu lwethu olunebhetri.
Ingxaki apha ineenkalo ezintathu: okokuqala, njengeoyile esetyenziselwa ukuvelisa ipetroli, izinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba zinobuncwane obulinganiselweyo. Mininzi kuphela imithambo yolu hlobo kwihlabathi liphela, kwaye njengoko isiya inqabile, ixabiso layo liya kunyuka. Okwesibini, ukugrumba ezi ore yinkqubo edla amandla kakhulu. Udinga umbane ukuze unike amafutha kuzo zonke izixhobo zemigodi, izixhobo zokukhanyisa, kunye noomatshini bokulungisa. Okwesithathu, ukusetyenzwa kwe-ore kwiifom ezisebenzisekayo kuya kuvelisa isixa esikhulu senkunkuma egqithisileyo, kwaye okwangoku, akukho nto sinokuyenza. Enye inkunkuma inokuba ne-radioactivity, eyingozi ebantwini nakwimeko engqongileyo.
Yintoni esinokuyenza?
Iibhetri ziye zaba yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yoluntu lwanamhlanje. Singakwazi ukukhupha ngokuthe ngcembe ukuxhomekeka kwethu kwi-oyile, kodwa asinakuyeka ukumba iibhetri de umntu aphuhlise amandla acocekileyo e-hydrogen okanye umxube obandayo. Ke, singenza ntoni ukunciphisa ifuthe elibi lokuvunwa komhlaba okunqabileyo?
Umba wokuqala nowona ulungileyo kukurisayikilisha. Logama nje iibhetri zezithuthi zombane zingekaguquki, izinto ezizenzayo zinokusetyenziselwa ukuvelisa iibhetri ezintsha. Ukongeza kwiibhetri, ezinye iinkampani zeemoto beziphanda iindlela zokuphinda zisetyenziselwe iimagnethi zemoto, nazo ezenziwe ngezinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba.
Okwesibini, kufuneka sitshintshe amacandelo ebhetri. Iinkampani zeemoto ziphonononge indlela yokususa okanye ukubuyisela ezinye izinto ezinqabileyo kwiibhetri, ezifana ne-cobalt, enezixhobo ezihambelana nokusingqongileyo kunye nezifumaneka ngokulula. Oku kuya kunciphisa umthamo wemigodi ofunekayo kwaye kwenze kube lula ukurisayikilishwa.
Ekugqibeleni, sifuna uyilo olutsha lwe-injini. Umzekelo, iimotor ezitshintshileyo zokuthithisa zinokunikwa amandla ngaphandle kokusetyenziswa kweemagnethi zomhlaba ezinqabileyo, eziya kunciphisa imfuno yethu yomhlaba onqabileyo. Ayikathembeki ngokwaneleyo ukuba isetyenziselwe urhwebo, kodwa inzululwazi ikubonakalisile oku.
Ukuqala kwizinto ezinomdla kokusingqongileyo kungenxa yokuba iimoto zombane ziye zathandwa kakhulu, kodwa eli lidabi elingapheliyo. Ukuze sifezekise konke okusemandleni ethu, sihlala sifuna ukuphanda ngeteknoloji elandelayo yokuphucula uluntu kwaye siphelise inkcitho.
Umthombo: Industry Frontiers
Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-30-2023