Kwisiqingatha senkulungwane edlulileyo, uphando olubanzi luqhutywe kwiimpembelelo zecatalytic yezinto ezinqabileyo (ikakhulukazi i-oxides kunye nekloridi), kwaye ezinye iziphumo eziqhelekileyo zifunyenwe, ezinokushwankathelwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
1. Kwisakhiwo sombane weizinto zomhlaba ezinqabileyo, Ii-electron ze-4f zifumaneka kuluhlu lwangaphakathi kwaye zikhuselwe yi-5s kunye ne-5p electrons, ngelixa ukulungelelaniswa kwee-electron zangaphandle ezimisela iimpawu zeekhemikhali zento enye. Ngoko ke, xa kuthelekiswa nempembelelo ye-catalytic ye-d element yenguqu, akukho phawu lucacileyo, kwaye umsebenzi awukho phezulu njengalowo we- element yenguqu;
2. Kwiimpendulo ezininzi, umsebenzi we-catalytic wento nganye yomhlaba enqabileyo ayitshintshi kakhulu, kunye namaxesha amaninzi angama-12, ngakumbi kwi-h.izinto ezinqabileyo zomhlabaapho phantse akukho tshintsho lomsebenzi. Oku kwahluke ngokupheleleyo kwinto yenguqu d, kwaye umsebenzi wabo ngamanye amaxesha unokwahluka ngemiyalelo emininzi yobukhulu; Umsebenzi we-catalytic wezinto ezi-3 zomhlaba ezinqabileyo zinokwahlulwa ngokwesiseko zibe zintlobo ezimbini. Olunye uhlobo luhambelana notshintsho lwe-monotonic kwinani leelektroni (1-14) kwi-4f orbital, njenge-hydrogenation kunye ne-dehydrogenation, kunye nolunye uhlobo luhambelana nokutshintsha kwexesha elithile kulungiselelo lwee-electron (1-7, 7-14). ) kwi-4f orbital, efana ne-oxidation;
4. Uphononongo oluninzi lubonise ukuba ii-catalysts zemizi-mveliso eziqulethe izinto zomhlaba ezinqabileyo ubukhulu becala ziqulethe isixa esincinci sezinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba, kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo zisetyenziswa njengamalungu asebenzayo kwii-co catalysts okanye ii-catalysts ezixubeneyo.
Ngokusisiseko, ii-catalysts zizinto ezinemisebenzi ekhethekileyo. Iikhompawundi zomhlaba ezinqabileyo zibaluleke kakhulu ekuphuhliseni nasekusetyenzisweni kwezinto ezinjalo, kuba zineepropati ezininzi ze-catalytic, ezibandakanya ukunciphisa i-oxidation kunye ne-asidi-base properties, kwaye azifane zaziwa kwiinkalo ezininzi, kunye neendawo ezininzi eziza kuphuhliswa. ; Kwiimathiriyeli ezininzi ze-catalytic, izinto zomhlaba ezinqabileyo zinokutshintshiselana okukhulu kunye nezinye izinto, ezinokusebenza njengenxalenye ephambili ye-catalyst, kunye necandelo lesibini okanye i-co catalyst. Iikhompawundi zomhlaba ezinqabileyo zingasetyenziselwa ukuvelisa imathiriyeli ye-catalyst eneempawu ezahlukeneyo zokusabela okwahlukileyo; Iikhompawundi zomhlaba ezinqabileyo, ngakumbi ii-oksidi, zinozinzo oluphezulu lwe-thermal kunye neekhemikhali, ezibonelela ngamathuba okusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwezixhobo ezinjalo. Ii-catalysts zomhlaba ezinqabileyo zisebenza kakuhle, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo, kunye noluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo ze-catalytic.
Okwangoku, izixhobo ezinqabileyo zomhlaba zisetyenziselwa ukuqhekeka kwepetroleum kunye nohlengahlengiso, ukucocwa kombhobho wemoto, irabha yokwenziwa, kunye neenkalo ezininzi zemichiza ephilayo kunye ne-inorganic.
Ixesha lokuposa: Oct-11-2023