Scandiumsisiqalelo sekhemikhali esinophawu lwesiqaleloSckunye nenombolo ye-athomu engu-21. I-elementi yintsimbi ethambileyo, emhlophe-emhlophe yenguqu ehlala ixutywa nayogadolinium, ierbium, njl njl. Imveliso incinci kakhulu, kwaye umxholo wayo kwi-crust yomhlaba malunga ne-0.0005%.
1. Imfihlelo yescandiumisiqalelo Indawo yokunyibilika kwescandiumyi 1541 ℃, indawo yokubila yi 2836 ℃, kwaye uxinano yi 2.985 g/cm³. I-Scandium yintsimbi ekhaphukhaphu, emhlophe-esilivere ekwasebenza kakhulu kwiikhemikhali kwaye inokusabela ngamanzi ashushu ukwenza i-hydrogen. Ngoko ke, i-scandium yensimbi oyibonayo emfanekisweni ivalwe kwibhotile kwaye ikhuselwe ngegesi ye-argon. Ngaphandle koko, i-scandium iya kukhawuleza yenza umaleko omnyama otyheli okanye ongwevu kwaye ilahlekelwe yintsimbi ecwebezelayo.
2. Ukusetyenziswa okuphambili kwe-scandium Ukusetyenziswa kwe-scandium (njengeyona nto isebenzayo, kungekhona i-doping) igxininiswe kwiindlela ezikhanyayo kakhulu, kwaye akusiyo ukugqithisa ukuyibiza ngokuba ngunyana wokukhanya. 1). Isibane sesodium yeScandium singasetyenziselwa ukuzisa ukukhanya kumawaka emizi. Lo ngumthombo wokukhanya kombane we-metal halide: i-bulb igcwele iodide ye-sodium kunye ne-iodide ye-scandium, kunye ne-scandium kunye ne-sodium foil zongezwa ngexesha elifanayo. Ngexesha lokukhutshwa kwe-voltage ephezulu, ii-ion ze-scandium kunye ne-sodium ion ngokulandelelana zikhupha ukukhanya kunye neempawu zazo zokukhutshwa kwamaza. Imigca ye-spectral ye-sodium yimisebe emibini edumileyo ephuzi kwi-589.0 kunye ne-589.6nm, ngelixa imigca ye-spectral ye-scandium iluhlu lwe-ultraviolet kunye ne-blue light emissions ukusuka kwi-361.3 ukuya kwi-424.7nm. Ngenxa yokuba iyimibala ehambelanayo, umbala wokukhanya ngokubanzi oveliswa kukukhanya okumhlophe. Kungenxa yokuba isibane sesodium ye-scandium sineempawu zokukhanya okuphezulu okukhanyayo, umbala wokukhanya okulungileyo, ukonga amandla, ubomi obude benkonzo kunye nekhono elinamandla lokuqhekeza inkungu elinokuthi lisetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwiikhamera zethelevishini kunye nezikwere, amabala emidlalo, kunye nokukhanya kwendlela, kwaye ubizwa ngokuba sisizukulwana sesithathu. umthombo wokukhanya. E-China, olu hlobo lwesibane lukhuthazwa ngokuthe ngcembe njengobuchwephesha obutsha, kodwa kwamanye amazwe aphuhlileyo, olu hlobo lwesibane luye lwasetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwasekuqaleni kwee-1980s. 2). Iiseli ze-solar photovoltaic zinokuqokelela ukukhanya okuhlakazekileyo emhlabeni kwaye ziguqule zibe ngumbane oqhuba uluntu. I-Scandium sesona sithintelo sesinyithi kwi-metal-insulator-semiconductor silicon photovoltaic cell kunye neeseli zelanga. 3). Umthombo weGamma ray, esi sixhobo somlingo sinokukhupha ukukhanya okukhulu ngokwaso, kodwa olu hlobo lokukhanya alunakufunyanwa ngamehlo ethu eze. Kukuhamba kwe-photon ephezulu yamandla. Into esiqhele ukuyikhupha kwiiminerali yi-45Sc, eyona isotope yendalo ye-scandium kuphela. I-nucleus ye-45Sc nganye ineeprotoni ezingama-21 kunye ne-neutron ezingama-24. Ukuba sibeka i-scandium kwisixhobo senyukliya kwaye siyivumele ukuba ifunxe imitha ye-neutron, njengokubeka inkawu kwisithando somlilo saseTaishang Laojun kangangeentsuku ezingama-7,749, i-46Sc eneneutron enye kwinucleus iya kuzalwa. I-46Sc, isotopu eyenziwe ngeradioactive, inokusetyenziswa njengomthombo wemitha ye-gamma okanye i-athomu yokulandela umkhondo, kwaye ingasetyenziselwa ukunyanga amathumba anobungozi. Kukho izinto ezininzi ezisetyenziswayo ezifana ne-yttrium-gallium-scandium garnet lasers, i-scandium fluoride glass infrared optical fibers, kunye neetyhubhu ze-cathode ray ze-scandium kwiiseti zikamabonwakude. Kubonakala ngathi i-scandium imiselwe ukuba iqaqambe. 3. Iikhompawundi eziqhelekileyo zescandium 1). I-Terbium scandate (TbScO3) crystal -inelattice efanelekileyo ehambelanayo kunye ne-perovskite structure superconductors, kwaye yinto egqwesileyo ye-ferroelectric encinci yefilimu substrate imathiriyeli.
2).I-aluminium scandium ingxubevange- Okokuqala, yi-alloy ye-aluminium esebenza kakhulu. Kukho iindlela ezininzi zokuphucula ukusebenza kwee-alloys ze-aluminium. Phakathi kwabo, i-microalloying kunye nokuqiniswa kunye nokuqina kube yinto ehamba phambili yophando oluphezulu lwe-aluminium alloy kwiminyaka eyi-20 edlulileyo. Kulwakhiwo lweenqanawa, i-aerospace Amathemba okusebenza kumacandelo obuchwepheshe obuphezulu afana neshishini, imijukujelwa yerokhethi, namandla enyukliya abanzi kakhulu. 3).I-Scandium oxide- I-Scandium oxide ineempawu ezibalaseleyo zomzimba kunye neekhemikhali, ngoko inoluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo kwinkalo yesayensi yezinto. Okokuqala, i-scandium oxide ingasetyenziselwa njengesongezo kwizinto ze-ceramic, ezinokuphucula ubunzima, amandla kunye nokumelana nokugqoka kweekeramics, okwenza kube nzima ngakumbi. Ukongeza, i-scandium oxide ingasetyenziselwa ukulungiselela izinto eziphezulu zokushisa eziphezulu. Ezi zixhobo zibonisa ukuhanjiswa kombane okuhle kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi kwaye zinamandla amakhulu okusebenza. Ixesha lokuposa: Nov-01-2024