I-Thulium Laser kwiNkqubo engahlaseli ubuncinci

Gulium, inqaku le-69 letafile yexesha.

I-Thulium, into enomxholo omncinci wezinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba, ubukhulu becala kunye nezinye izinto eGadalini, i-Xenomelele, iMnyama yegolide kunye ne-monazite.

I-Thulium kunye ne-Lanthanide yentsimbi yentsimbi ye-teafast zisondelelene kakhulu kwi-ores enzima kakhulu kwindalo. Ngenxa yezakhiwo zabo ezifanayo ze-elektroniki, iipropathi zabo zomzimba kunye nekhemikhali zifana kakhulu, zenza ukuba kukhutshelwe kunzima kakhulu.

Ngo-1879, uSweden weSweden Clifst waphawula ukuba ubunzima be-ermim bomhlaba bezisonga emhlabeni kunye ne-Scandium yomhlaba womhlaba kwaye ekugqibeleni wahlukanisa umhlaba we-Erbium, wagqiba umhlaba.

I-tulium yesinyithi, isilivere emhlophe, i-ductile, ithambile, inokunqunyulwa ngommese, inomthi ophezulu kunye nokubilisa, kwaye ingayigcina inkangeleko yexesha elide. Ngenxa yolwakhiwo lwe-elektroni ekhethekileyo, iipropathi zekhemikhali zeThulium zifana kakhulu nezo ezinye izinto zentsimbi ze-Lanthen. Inokunyibilikisa i-hydrochloric acid ukwenza i-fall iluhlaza kancinciI-Thulium (iii) chloride, kwaye ii-sparks eziveliswe ngamasuntswana ayo avutha emoyeni zinokubonwa kwisondo lexinzelelo.

I-Thulium Complets ikwanazo iipropathi ze-fluorescence kwaye inokukhupha i-fluorescence phantsi kokukhanya kwe-ultraviolet, enokusetyenziselwa ukwenza iilebheli ezichasene nemali. I-SOOTAGURE I-SOOTOP Thulium ye-Thulium 170 yeThulium yenye yezona zinto zisetyenziswa yimithombo yeendlela ezine eziqhelekileyo zemveliso kwaye zinokusetyenziswa njengezixhobo zokuxilonga zezonyango kunye nezixhobo zokufumanisa izibonelelo ze-elektroniki kunye ne-elektroniki.

I-Thulium, enomtsalane, yiTekhnoloji yonyango lwe-gulium yase-gulium kunye ne-chemistry entsha ye-chemistry yenziwe ngenxa ye-elektroniki ye-Ortalnuclear.

I-Thulium Doped Yttrium Garnet inokuthi ikhuphe i-leser nge-wavelength ephakathi kwe-1930 ~ 2040 NM. Xa i-laser yeli band isetyenziselwa utyando, igazi kwindawo yokulimala liya kudibanisa ngokukhawuleza, inxeba lokuhlimela inxeba lincinci, kwaye i-hemanasis ilungile. Ke ngoko, le laser ihlala isetyenziselwa inkqubo engahlaseli i-prostate okanye amehlo. Olu hlobo lwe-laser lulahlekelwa lusezantsi xa ludluliselwa kwimozulu, kwaye inokusetyenziswa kwimvakalelo ekude kunye nokunxibelelana okungapheliyo. Umzekelo, i-Laser Drinder, i-Donelalelanion Doppler Wit Radar, njl njl, iya kusebenzisa i-laser ekhutshwe yi-thulium ye-giber ye-fiber.

I-Thulium luhlobo olukhethekileyo lwesinyithi kwingingqi ye-F RIN, kunye neepropathi zayo zokwenza izinto ezikhoyo ze-elektroni kwi-F Feter zincame iinzululwazi ezininzi. Ngokubanzi, izinto zentsimbi ze-Lanthenford zinokuvelisa kuphela iziqu ezidlulileyo, kodwa i-gulium yenye yezinto ezimbalwa ezinokuthi zivelise amaqumrhu adlulileyo.

Ngo-1997, uMikhail Bochkalev baba ngoovulindlela i-Chemisti ihambelana ne-Coulting Fitters enqabileyo kwi-i-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-IIDINE iguqukile kwi-inium etyheli i-intshi etyheli i-hulium etyheli i-hulium ye-tyhel etyheli i-hulium ye-tyheght i-turium i-turium ion phantsi kweemeko ezithile. Ngokusebenzisa lo mlinganiswa, i-gulium inokuba yiarhente yokunciphisa i-ofisi ye-organic kwaye inokubangela iimpawu zensimbi zezakhiwo ezizodwa ezifana namandla ahlaziyiweyo, itekhnoloji ye-buleec kunye nonyango lwenkunkuma yenyukliya. Ngokukhetha i-ligands efanelekileyo, i-gulium inokutshintsha amandla afanelekileyo okuzibini zentsimbi. I-Samarium (II) I-I-I-I-I-I-I-IIDINID (II) I-I-I-I-I-IIDINIDE (ii) I-I-IIDINIDE kunye nomxube wayo ochithwe kwizinyibilikisi ze-organic ezifana neTetrarahydrofura zisetyenziswa yimichiza ye-organ kangangeminyaka engama-50 yothotho lwamaqela asebenzayo. I-Thulium ikwaneempawu ezifanayo, kwaye amandla akhe e-ligland ukulawula imilinganiselo yentsimbi ye-organic iyamangalisa. Ukudibanisa ubume bejometri kunye ne-orbitatata ye-orlatal ye-strang kunokuba kuchaphazela izibini ze-reox. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko ibala elinqabileyo lomhlaba, iindleko eziphezulu zeThulium zithintela okwethutyana, kodwa zinokuba namandla amakhulu kwi-chemistry entsha.