Bariumkunye neengxube zayo
Igama lechiza ngesiTshayina: Barium
Igama lesiNgesi:Barium,Ba
Indlela enetyhefu: Bariumyintsimbi ethambileyo, emhlophe ecwebezelayo yealkaline yomhlaba ekhoyo kwindalo ngohlobo lwe-barite eyityhefu (BaCO3) kunye ne-barite (BaSO4). Iikhompawundi ze-Barium zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwi-ceramics, imboni yeglasi, ukucima isinyithi, i-agent echasene zonyango, i-pesticides, imveliso ye-chemical reagent, njl. Iikhompawundi ze-barium eziqhelekileyo ziquka i-barium chloride, i-barium carbonate, i-barium acetate, i-barium nitrate, i-barium sulfate, i-barium sulfide,i-barium oxide, i-barium hydroxide, i-barium stearate, njl.Intsimbi yeBariumphantse ayinayo ityhefu, kwaye ubuthi be-barium compounds bunxulumene nokunyibilika kwabo. I-Soluble barium compounds inetyhefu kakhulu, ngelixa i-barium carbonate, nangona iphantse inganyibiliki emanzini, iyityhefu ngenxa yokunyibilika kwayo kwi-hydrochloric acid ukwenza i-barium chloride. Eyona ndlela iphambili ye-barium ion poisoning kukuvaleka kweziteshi ze-potassium ezixhomekeke kwi-calcium kwiiseli ngee-ion ze-barium, ezikhokelela ekwandeni kwe-potassium ye-intracellular kunye nokuncipha kwi-extracellular potassium concentration, ekhokelela kwi-hypokalemia; Abanye abaphengululi bakholelwa ukuba i-barium ion ingabangela i-arrhythmia kunye neempawu zesisu ngokuvuselela ngokuthe ngqo i-myocardium kunye nezihlunu ezigudileyo. Ukufunxwa kwezinto ezinyibilikayobariumiikhompawundi kumzila wesisu ziyafana naleyo ye-calcium, ibalwa malunga ne-8% yethamo elipheleleyo lokuthatha. Amathambo namazinyo zezona ndawo zokubeka, ezibalelwa ngaphezulu kwe-90% yomthwalo womzimba uwonke.Bariumukungeniswa ngomlomo ubukhulu becala kukhutshelwa ilindle; Ininzi ye-barium ehluziweyo yizintso iphinda ihlaziywe yi-renal tubules, kunye nenani elincinci elibonakala kumchamo. Ukupheliswa kwesiqingatha sobomi be-barium malunga neentsuku ezi-3-4. Ityhefu ye-acute ye-barium idla ngokubangelwa ukungeniswa kwe-barium compounds njenge-powder fermentation, ityuwa, umgubo we-alkali, umgubo, i-alum, njl njl. Kukho neengxelo zetyhefu ye-barium ebangelwa ngamanzi okusela angcolileyo kunye ne-barium compounds. Ityhefu ye-barium esebenza emsebenzini inqabile kwaye ifunxwa ikakhulu ngomgudu wokuphefumla okanye ulusu olonakeleyo kunye nenwebu. Kukho neengxelo zetyhefu ezibangelwa ukuvezwa kwe-barium stearate, ngokuqhelekileyo kunye nokuqala kwe-subacute okanye okungapheliyo kunye nexesha elifihlakeleyo le-1-10 yeenyanga.
Umthamo wonyango
Idosi enetyhefu yabantu abathatha i-barium chloride malunga ne-0.2-0.5g
Idosi ebulalayo kubantu abadala imalunga ne-0.8-1.0g
Ukubonakaliswa kweklinikhi: 1. Ixesha lokufukamela i-poisoning yomlomo lidla ngokuba yi-0.5-2 iiyure, kwaye abo bathatha kakhulu banokufumana iimpawu zetyhefu ngaphakathi kwemizuzu eyi-10.
(1) Iimpawu zokwetyisa kwangethuba zezona mpawu ziphambili: ukuvutha komsindo emlonyeni nasemqaleni, umqala owomileyo, isiyezi, intloko ebuhlungu, isicaphucaphu, ukugabha, isisu esibuhlungu, urhudo rhoqo, ilindle elimanzi nelinegazi, likhatshwa kukuxinana kwesifuba, ukubetha kwentliziyo nokuba ndindisholo. emlonyeni, ebusweni nasemalungwini.
(2) Ukukhubazeka kwemisipha eqhubela phambili: Izigulane ziqala ukukhubazeka kwemilenze engaphelelanga kunye ne-flaccid, ehamba phambili ukusuka kwimisipha ye-distal ukuya kwimisipha yentamo, imisipha yolwimi, imisipha ye-diaphragm, kunye nemisipha yokuphefumula. Ukukhubazeka kwezihlunu zolwimi kunokubangela ukuba kube nzima ukuginya, ukungakwazi ukuthetha kakuhle, kwaye kwiimeko ezinzima, ukukhubazeka kwezihlunu zokuphefumla kunokukhokelela ekubeni kube nzima ukuphefumla kwanokufuthaniselwa. (3) Umonakalo we-cardiovascular: Ngenxa yetyhefu ye-barium kwi-myocardium kunye nemiphumo yayo ye-hypokalemic, izigulane zinokufumana umonakalo we-myocardial, i-arrhythmia, i-tachycardia, i-contraction rhoqo okanye i-multiple premature contractions, i-diphthongs, i-triplets, i-fibrillation ye-atrial, i-conduction block, njl. unokufumana i-arrhythmia enzima, efana ne-ectopic rhythms, i-second okanye yesithathu idigri ye-atrioventricular block, i-ventricular flutter, i-fibrillation ye-ventricular, kunye nokubanjwa kwentliziyo. 2. Ixesha lokufukamela letyhefu yokuphefumla lidla ngokuguquguquka phakathi kweeyure ezi-0.5 ukuya kwezi-4, libonakala njengeempawu zokucaphuka kokuphefumla ezinjengomqala obuhlungu, umqala owomileyo, ukhohlokhohlo, ukuphelelwa ngumphefumlo, ukuqina kwesifuba, njl. njl., kodwa iimpawu zokwetyisa zinobulali noko. ezinye izibonakaliso zeklinikhi zifana netyhefu yomlomo. 3. Iimpawu ezinje ngokuba ndindisholo, ukudinwa, isicaphucaphu, nokugabha kunokuvela kwiyure eyi-1 emva kokufunxa ulusu olunetyhefu ngolusu olonakeleyo kunye nokutsha kwesikhumba. Izigulana ezitshisa kakhulu zinokuvela ngokukhawuleza iimpawu kwiiyure ze-3-6, kuquka ukuxhuzula, ukuphefumla nzima, kunye nomonakalo omkhulu we-myocardial. Ukubonakaliswa kweklinikhi kukwafana netyhefu yomlomo, kunye neempawu ezincinci zesisu. Imeko idla ngokuwohloka ngokukhawuleza, kwaye ingqalelo ephezulu kufuneka ihlawulwe kwizigaba zokuqala.
Uxilongo
Iikhrayitheriya zisekelwe kwimbali yokuvezwa kwi-barium compounds kwindlela yokuphefumula, i-digestive tract, kunye ne-skin mucosa. Izibonakaliso zeklinikhi ezifana nokukhubazeka kwemisipha ye-flaccid kunye nomonakalo we-myocardial kungenzeka, kwaye iimvavanyo zebhubhoratri zingabonisa i-hypokalemia ephikisayo, enokuthi ifunyanwe. I-Hypokalemia sisiseko se-pathological se-acute barium poisoning. Ukuhla kwamandla emisipha kufuneka kuhluke kwizifo ezifana ne-hypokalemic periodic paralysis, i-botulinum ityhefu yetyhefu, i-myasthenia gravis, i-progressive muscular dystrophy, i-peripheral neuropathy, kunye ne-polyradiculitis enzima; Iimpawu zesisu ezinjengesicaphucaphu, ukugabha, kunye neentlungu zesisu kufuneka zahlulwe kwityhefu yokutya; I-Hypokalemia kufuneka yahlulwe kwizifo ezifana netyhefu ye-trialkyltin, i-alkalosis ye-metabolic, ukukhubazeka kwexesha losapho, kunye ne-primary aldosteronism; I-arrhythmia kufuneka ihlulwe kwizifo ezifana ne-digitalis poisoning kunye nesifo senhliziyo.
Umgaqo wonyango:
1. Kwabo badibana nolusu kunye neembrane ze-mucous ukususa izinto ezinobuthi, indawo yoqhagamshelwano kufuneka ihlanjwe ngokucokisekileyo ngamanzi acocekileyo ngokukhawuleza ukuze kuthintelwe ukufunxa ngakumbi i-barium ion. Izigulane ezitshileyo kufuneka ziphathwe ngokutshiswa kweekhemikhali kwaye zinikwe i-2% ukuya kwi-5% ye-sodium sulfate yokugungxulwa kwendawo yesilonda; Abo baphefumlayo ngepheshana lokuphefumula kufuneka bashiye ngokukhawuleza indawo yetyhefu, bahlambulule umlomo wabo ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukucoca umlomo wabo, kwaye bathathe isixa esifanelekileyo se-sodium sulfate ngomlomo; Kwabo basela nge-digestive tract, kufuneka baqale bahlambe isisu sabo nge-2% ukuya kwi-5% yesisombululo se-sodium sulfate okanye amanzi, kwaye basebenzise i-20-30 g ye-sodium sulfate yorhudo. 2. I-Detoxification drug sulfate inokwenza i-barium sulfate engenakunyibilika kunye ne-barium ion ukuze ikhuphe. Ukhetho lokuqala kukujova i-10-20ml ye-10% ye-sodium sulfate nge-intravenously, okanye i-500ml ye-5% ye-sodium sulfate nge-intravenously. Ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko, ingaphinda isetyenziswe. Ukuba akukho ndawo yokugcina i-sodium sulfate, i-sodium thiosulfate ingasetyenziswa. Emva kokuqulunqwa kwe-barium sulfate engenakunyibilika, ikhutshwa ngeentso kwaye ifuna ukutshintshwa kolwelo oluphuculweyo kunye ne-diuresis ukukhusela izintso. 3. Ukulungiswa ngexesha elifanelekileyo le-hypokalemia ngundoqo ekuhlanguleni i-cardiac arrhythmia enzima kunye nokukhubazeka kwemisipha yokuphefumula okubangelwa yi-barium poisoning. Umgaqo wokuxhaswa kwe-potassium kukubonelela nge-potassium eyaneleyo de i-electrocardiogram ibuyele ngokuqhelekileyo. Ubuthi obuncinci bunokulawulwa ngomlomo, kunye ne-30-60ml ye-10% ye-potassium chloride ekhoyo yonke imihla kwiidosi ezahluliweyo; Ukumodareyitha ukuya kwizigulana ezinzima zifuna i-intravenous potassium supplementation. Izigulane ezinolu hlobo lwetyhefu ngokubanzi zinonyamezelo oluphezulu lwe-potassium, kwaye i-10 ~ 20ml ye-10% ye-potassium chloride inokuthi ifakwe emithanjeni nge-500ml ye-physiological saline okanye isisombululo se-glucose. Izigulane ezinobunzima zinokunyusa ukuxinwa kwe-potassium chloride kwi-intravenous infusion ukuya kwi-0.5% ~ 1.0%, kwaye izinga lokuxhaswa kwe-potassium linokufikelela kwi-1.0 ~ 1.5g ngeyure. Izigulane ezibucayi zihlala zifuna iidosi ezingaqhelekanga kunye nokuxhaswa ngokukhawuleza kwe-potassium phantsi kwe-electrocardiographic monitoring. I-electrocardiogram engqongqo kunye nokujongwa kwe-potassium yegazi kufuneka kwenziwe xa ukongeza i-potassium, kwaye ingqalelo kufuneka ihlawulwe ekuchameni nasekusebenzeni kwezintso. 4. Ukulawula i-arrhythmia, iziyobisi ezifana ne-cardiolipin, i-bradycardia, i-verapamil, okanye i-lidocaine ingasetyenziselwa unyango ngokohlobo lwe-arrhythmia. Kwizigulane ezinembali yonyango engaziwayo kunye neenguqu eziphantsi ze-potassium electrocardiogram, i-potassium yegazi kufuneka ihlolwe ngokukhawuleza. Ukufakela nje i-potassium ngokuqhelekileyo kungasebenzi xa kungekho magnesium, kwaye ingqalelo kufuneka ihlawulwe ekongezeni i-magnesium ngexesha elifanayo. 5. I-Mechanical ventilation yokuphefumla ukukhubazeka kwemisipha yeyona nto ibangela ukufa kwi-barium poisoning. Emva kokuba ukukhubazeka kwemisipha yokuphefumula kubonakala, i-endotracheal intubation kunye ne-mechanical ventilation kufuneka yenziwe ngokukhawuleza, kwaye i-tracheotomy ingafuneka. 6. Uphando lubonisa ukuba amanyathelo okuhlanjululwa kwegazi njenge-hemodialysis anokukhawuleza ukukhutshwa kwe-barium ion egazini kwaye abe nexabiso elithile lonyango. 7. Olunye unyango oluxhasayo lweempawu zokuhlanza okukhulu kunye nezigulane zohudo kufuneka zongezwe ngokukhawuleza ngamanzi okugcina amanzi kunye ne-electrolyte balance kunye nokukhusela izifo zesibini.
Ixesha lokuposa: Sep-12-2024