Umhlaba onqabileyozisetyenziswa kakhulu kwezolimo, kushishino, emkhosini kunye namanye amashishini, yinkxaso ebalulekileyo yokwenziwa kwezinto ezintsha, kodwa nobudlelwane phakathi kophuhliso lobuchwephesha bokhuselo lwezixhobo eziphambili, ezaziwa ngokuba "ngumhlaba wabo bonke." I-China ngumvelisi omkhulu, ukuthumela ngaphandle kunye nomthengi wezimbiwa zomhlaba ezinqabileyo emhlabeni, kwaye kunye nesikhundla esibalulekileyo somhlaba onqabileyo kuqoqosho lwesizwe, i-aerospace kunye nezicwangciso zokukhusela zelizwe, umgangatho ophezulu woshishino lomhlaba onqabileyo uye waba ngumba omkhulu ngoku. .
ulwakhiwo lophuhliso olunengqiqo, imveliso enocwangco, ukusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo, ukusungula izinto ezintsha zenzululwazi nezobuchwepheshe, uphuhliso lwentsebenziswano yepateni entsha yoshishino lomhlaba olunqabileyo lukhokelo lwekamva lophuhliso. Ukusukela ngo-2019, ukuze komelezwe umgangatho wolwakhiwo lweemarike zomhlaba ezinqabileyo, uphuhliso lwaseTshayina lwemihlaba enqabileyo rhoqo.
NgoJanuwari 4, 2019, uMphathiswa wezoShishino kunye neTekhnoloji yoLwazi kunye namanye amasebe ali-12 akhuphe iSaziso sokuQomelezwa ngokuqhubekayo koMyalelo kuShishino loMhlaba oluQhelekileyo, okokuqala ngqa kusekwa inkqubo yokuhlola edibeneyo yamasebe amaninzi, kunye nokuhlolwa okukhethekileyo. kwenziwa kanye ngonyaka ukubamba uxanduva lokwaphulwa kwemithetho nemimiselo, nto leyo ethetha ukuba ukulungiswa komhlaba onqabileyo kungene ngokusesikweni. Kwangaxeshanye, iSaziso kwakhona kwiimfuno zamaqela omhlaba anqabileyo kunye nemibutho yabalamli, indlela yokukhokela uphuhliso lomgangatho ophezulu weshishini kunye neminye imiba yokuphunyezwa okucacileyo ngakumbi, uphuhliso oluqhubekayo olunempilo kushishino lomhlaba olunqabileyo luya kudlala kude- ukufikelela kwimpembelelo.
Ngomhla wesi-4-5 kweyeSilimela ngowama-2019, iKomishoni yoPhuhliso noHlaziyo yeSizwe yabamba iintlanganiso ezintathu kushishino lomhlaba onqabileyo. Le ntlanganiso ibizinyaswe ziingcaphephe kushishino, amashishini anqabileyo omhlaba kunye namasebe anobuchule emvelaphi, ebandakanya imiba ephambili efana nokukhuselwa kwemekobume yomhlaba enqabileyo, ikhonkco leshishini elinqabileyo lehlabathi elimnyama, umhlaba onqabileyo kunye nophuhliso olukumgangatho ophezulu. Kwintlanganiso, isithethi seKomishoni yoPhuhliso kunye noHlaziyo lweSizwe uMeng Wei uthe iKomishoni yeSizwe yoPhuhliso kunye noHlaziyo isebenzisana namasebe afanelekileyo ukuqokelela izimvo kunye neengcebiso eziqokelelwe kwiingqungquthela ezintathu, kwaye ziya kuba ngesiseko sophando olunzulu. kunye nomboniso wenzululwazi, kwaye sifunde ngokukhawuleza kwaye sazise imilinganiselo yomgaqo-nkqubo efanelekileyo, Kufuneka sidlale ngokupheleleyo kwixabiso elikhethekileyo lehlabathi elinqabileyo njengemithombo yobuchule.
Abangaphakathi kwishishini bakholelwa ukuba ishishini lomhlaba elinqabileyo liya kuba nokukhuthazwa komgaqo-nkqubo ongaphezulu, ukuhlolwa kokusingqongileyo, ukuqinisekiswa kwesalathisi kunye nokugcinwa kweqhinga kunye noluhlu lwemigaqo-nkqubo luya kukhutshwa ngokunzulu, ukukhuthaza ukufezekiswa kwesakhiwo semizi-mveliso enqabileyo yomhlaba enengqiqo, inqanaba eliphezulu lezenzululwazi kunye nezobuchwepheshe, ukhuseleko olusebenzayo lwezibonelelo, ukuveliswa ngocwangco kunye nokusebenza kwendlela yophuhliso loshishino, kunye nokudlala ngokufanelekileyo ixabiso elikhethekileyo lemihlaba enqabileyo njengemithombo yobuchule.
Ngomhla wama-20 kuSeptemba 2019, iNgxelo yeSalathiso seMozulu yoShishino loMhlaba ka-2019 ("iNgxelo") yakhululwa ngokusesikweni, yalungiswa ngokudibeneyo yi-Arhente yoLwazi lwezoQoqosho lwase-China kunye ne-Baotou Rare Earth Products Exchange. Kwisiqingatha sesibini sonyaka ka-2019, isalathiso semozulu yeshishini elinqabileyo laseTshayina sime kumanqaku angama-123.55, kuluhlu lwe "boom", yatsho ingxelo. Oko kunyuka ngeepesenti ezingama-22.22 ukusuka kwisalathiso sonyaka ophelileyo se-101.08. Ishishini lomhlaba elinqabileyo liye lahlala liphantsi kwiinyanga ezine zokuqala, liphinda libuyele ngokukhawuleza ukususela phakathi koMeyi, xa ixabiso lexabiso lenyuka ngeepesenti ze-20.09. Imigodi yomhlaba enqabileyo yaseTshayina kunye nokunyibilikiswa kweyona nto iphambili kwihlabathi, ngokwengxelo. Kunyaka ophelileyo, ihlabathi livelise i-170,000 yeetoni zeminerali yomhlaba enqabileyo kwaye i-China yavelisa i-120,000 yeetoni, okanye i-71%. Ngenxa yokuba itekhnoloji yaseTshayina yokwahlula ukunyibilikisa iphambili emhlabeni kwaye inexabiso eliphantsi, nokuba kukho ubutyebi bomhlaba obunqabileyo phesheya, umgodi womhlaba onqabileyo owembiwayo kuya kufuneka ukuba udlule kulungiso lwaseTshayina phambi kokucubungula nzulu.
Ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle kwe-2.6 yezigidigidi ze-yuan kwiinyanga ezili-10 zokuqala zika-2019 e-China, yehle nge-6.9 yeepesenti ukusuka kwi-2.79 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan kunyaka odlulileyo, ngokwedatha yorhwebo lwangaphandle evela kumasiko aseTshayina. Iiseti ezimbini zedatha zibonisa ukuba kwiinyanga ezili-10 zokuqala kulo nyaka, ukuthunyelwa kwe-China kumazwe anqabileyo kwehle nge-7.9 yeepesenti, ngelixa ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwehle nge-6.9 pesenti, oku kuthetha ukuba ixabiso le-China yokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe emhlabeni onqabileyo lithathwe kulo nyaka uphelileyo.
Ukuthunyelwa kwelizwe laseTshayina kumazwe angaphandle komhlaba onqabileyo kwehlile, kodwa ngokunyuka kwemfuno yemihlaba enqabileyo, isalathiso sonyaka se-China esinqabileyo solawulo lwemigodi yomhlaba sifikelele kulawulo lulonke lwemigodi emithandathu yesalathisi sokulawula umhlaba onqabileyo iitoni ezingama-132,000. Icala lokubonelela, ukubonelela ngobuninzi, abanye abathengisi banciphisa amaxabiso, imfuno, ii-odolo azikho kakuhle njengoko kulindelekile, ngoko ukuthengwa kwee-odolo akuninzi, inani elincinci lokuzaliswa ngokwemfuno, umthamo wangempela ungaphantsi. Ngenxa yeziseko zobonelelo kunye nemfuno, kulindeleke ukuba ukusebenza kwexesha elifutshane kuya kuhlala kubuthathaka kwaye kuzinzile.
Umothuko wexabiso lemarike yomhlaba onqabileyo uhleli ngokunxulumene nabahloli bokhuselo lokusingqongileyo kwilizwe lonke, imveliso yomhlaba enqabileyo ineempawu ezikhethekileyo, ngakumbi ezinye iimveliso zineengozi zemitha zenza ulongamelo lokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo luqiniswe. Amashishini esinyithi kunye namashishini ezinto ezisebenza ngemagnethi athenga buthathaka, adityaniswa namaxabiso anqabileyo omhlaba angaphantsi kunexesha elidlulileyo, umoya wokulinda-nokubona womelele, phantsi kokhuseleko olungqongqo lwemekobume, inani lamaphondo amashishini anqabileyo okwahlulwa komhlaba aye anqunyanyiswa, nto leyo ekhokelela ekubeni I-oxydemarket yomhlaba enqabileyo ngokubanzi, ngakumbi ezinye iioksidi zomhlaba ezinqabileyo eziqhelekileyo, unikezelo luqhelekileyo, ixabiso lemarike yomhlaba elinqabileyo liyancipha.
Medium ubunzima ezinqabileyo iinkalo zomhlaba, ukuvulwa komda China-Myanmar, emva kokuba imarike akuqinisekanga, unikezelo lwasekhaya iyanda, ukuze abarhwebi umlambo ingqondo engazinzanga, abarhwebi ezantsi ngobuchule ukuthenga iimpahla, ukuhla intengiselwano iyonke. Iimveliso eziphambili ze-oxide ikakhulu ziwa, imfuno ephantsi yomlambo incinci, kunzima ukwenza inkxaso yexabiso;
Ukukhanya komhlaba onqabileyo, amaxabiso e-radon oxide aqala aphantsi kwaye emva koko azinzile, ezantsi kuphela amashishini athile ngokwemfuno yokuthengwa kwempahla, ukuthengiselana okwenyani akuninzi, ixabiso lentengiselwano liyaqhubeka nokuhla. Nangona kunjalo, ngokwahlukana kwamashishini eSichuan ukuba ayeke imveliso, amashishini amashishini amagnetic kwinqanaba lokuzaliswa kunye nezinye izinto, abathengisi abasezantsi bacinga ukuba imarike emva kokuba i-oxidizing i-radon iyancipha indawo iyancipha, yaqala ukuzalisa uluhlu, intengiso yexabiso eliphantsi iyancipha, kulindeleke ukuba ukuphucula intengiselwano yexesha elizayo.
Umkhwa wamaxabiso entengiso yomhlaba onqabileyo wasekhaya ngo-2019 ubonisa "i-polarization", kunye nokudityaniswa kwelizwe kwishishini elinqabileyo lomhlaba liya lisiba mbi ngakumbi, ishishini lifumana intlungu, kodwa ngokunyuka komthamo wemigodi enqabileyo yomhlaba kunye uphuhliso lwezithuthi zamandla amatsha ngokukhawuleza nangokukhawuleza, uphuhliso lweshishini lomhlaba elinqabileyo lilindeleke ukuba liphucuke ngo-2020, amaxabiso emarike anqabileyo asekhaya anqabileyo okanye aya kugcina amaxabiso aphezulu, ukukhanya. Imarike yomhlaba enqabileyo nayo iyakuchatshazelwa lixabiso lamaqondo ahlukeneyo aphezulu.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jan-07-2020