21 I-Scandium kunye neendlela zayo zokuvavanya eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziswayo
Wamkelekile kweli hlabathi lezinto ezigcwele imfihlakalo kunye nomtsalane. Namhlanje, siza kuphonononga into ekhethekileyo kunye -scandium. Nangona le nto isenokungaqheleki kubomi bethu bemihla ngemihla, idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwisayensi nakwishishini.
Scandium, le element imangalisayo, ineempawu ezininzi ezimangalisayo. Lilungu lentsapho enqabileyo yomhlaba. Njengabanyeizinto zomhlaba ezinqabileyo, ulwakhiwo lwe-atom ye-scandium lugcwele imfihlelo. Zezi zinto zikhethekileyo zeathom ezenza ukuba i-scandium idlale indima engenakuthathelwa indawo kwifiziksi, ikhemistri kunye nesayensi yezixhobo.
Ukufunyanwa kwe-scandium kugcwele ukujija kunye nokujika kunye nobunzima. Kwaqala ngo-1841, xa i-chemist yaseSweden uLFNilson (1840 ~ 1899) wayenethemba lokuhlukanisa ezinye izinto ezihlanjululweyo.ierbiumumhlaba ngelixa ufunda isinyithi esikhanyayo. Emva kwamaxesha ali-13 okubola inxalenye yenitrate, ekugqibeleni wafumana i-3.5g ye-pureytterbiumumhlaba. Nangona kunjalo, wafumanisa ukuba ubunzima be-athomu ye-ytterbium ayifumeneyo ayizange ihambelane nobunzima be-athomu ye-ytterbium enikwe nguMalinac ngaphambili. UNelson onamehlo abukhali waqonda ukuba kunokubakho into ekhaphukhaphu kuyo. Ngoko ke waqhubeka ecubungula i-ytterbium awayifumanayo ngenkqubo efanayo. Ekugqibeleni, xa kuphela isahlulo seshumi sesampulu sishiywe, ubunzima be-athomu obulinganisiweyo behla kwi-167.46. Esi siphumo sisondele kubunzima be-athomu ye-yttrium, ngoko ke uNelson wayibiza ngokuthi "Scandium".
Nangona uNelson waye wafumanisa i-scandium, ayizange itsale ngqalelo ingako kuluntu lwezenzululwazi ngenxa yokunqaba kunye nobunzima bokwahlukana. Kwada kwaba ngasekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-19, xa uphando ngezinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba lwaba yinto exhaphakileyo, kwaphinda kwafunyanwa kwaza kwenziwa uphando ngazo.
Ke, masiqalise kolu hambo lokujonga i-scandium, ukutyhila imfihlakalo yayo kwaye siqonde le nto ibonakala iqhelekile kodwa eneneni inomtsalane.
Iinkalo zesicelo se-scandium
Isimboli se-scandium yi-Sc, kwaye inombolo ye-athomu yi-21. I-element yintsimbi ethambileyo, emhlophe-emhlophe. Nangona i-scandium ingeyonto ixhaphakileyo kuqweqwe lomhlaba, inemimandla emininzi ebalulekileyo yesicelo, ngakumbi kule miba ilandelayo:
1. Umzi-mveliso we-Aerospace: I-aluminiyam ye-Scandium yi-alloy ekhaphukhaphu, yomelele kakhulu esetyenziswa kwizakhiwo zeenqwelo-moya, iinxalenye ze-injini, kunye nokuveliswa kwemijukujelwa kushishino lwe-aerospace. Ukongezwa kwe-scandium kunokuphucula amandla kunye nokuxhatshazwa kwe-corrosion ye-alloy ngelixa kunciphisa ubuninzi be-alloy, okwenza izixhobo ze-aerospace zibe lula kwaye zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala khona.
2. Iibhayisekile kunye neZixhobo zeMidlalo:I-aluminium yeScandiumikwasetyenziselwa ukwenza iibhayisekile, iiklabhu zegalufa, kunye nezinye izixhobo zemidlalo. Ngenxa yamandla ayo abalaseleyo kunye nokukhanya kwayo,i-scandium alloyinokuphucula ukusebenza kwezixhobo zezemidlalo, ukunciphisa ubunzima, kunye nokwandisa ukuqina kwezinto.
3. Umzi mveliso wezibane:Scandium iodideisetyenziswa njengesizalisi kwizibane zexenon eziphezulu. Iibhalbhu ezinjalo zisetyenziselwa ukufota, ukwenza ifilimu, ukukhanya kwesiteji, kunye nezixhobo zonyango kuba iimpawu zabo ze-spectral zisondele kakhulu kwilanga lendalo.
4. IiSeli zeFuel:I-aluminium yeScandiumikwafumana ukusetyenziswa kwiiseli zamafutha eoksidi eqinileyo (SOFCs). Kwezi bhetri,i-scandium-aluminium alloyisetyenziswe njengento ye-anode, ene-conductivity ephezulu kunye nokuzinza, inceda ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokusebenza kweeseli zamafutha.
5. Uphando lwezeNzululwazi: I-Scandium isetyenziswa njengesixhobo sokubona kuphando lwezenzululwazi. Kwimifuniselo yefiziksi yenyukliya kunye ne-particle accelerators, iikristale ze-scandium scintillation zisetyenziselwa ukukhangela ukusasazeka kwemitha kunye namasuntswana.
6. Ezinye izicelo: I-Scandium iphinda isetyenziswe njenge-high-temperature superconductor kunye nakwezinye i-alloys ezikhethekileyo zokuphucula iimpawu ze-alloy. Ngenxa yokusebenza okuphezulu kwe-scandium kwinkqubo ye-anodizing, iphinda isetyenziswe kwimveliso yezinto ze-electrode kwiibhetri ze-lithium kunye nezinye izixhobo zombane.
Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba nangona zininzi izicelo, ukuveliswa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-scandium kulinganiselwe kwaye kuyabiza ngenxa yokunqongophala kwayo, ngoko ke iindleko zayo kunye nezinye iindlela kufuneka ziqwalaselwe ngononophelo xa zisetyenziswa.
IiPropati zoMzimba zeScandium Element
1. Isakhiwo se-Atomic: I-nucleus ye-scandium ineeproton ezingama-21 kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo iqulethe i-neutrons ye-20. Ngoko ke, ubunzima bayo obuqhelekileyo be-athomu (ubunzima be-athomu) bu malunga ne-44.955908. Ngokwesakhiwo seatom, ubumbeko lwe-electron lwe-scandium yi-1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹ 4s².
2. I-Physical State: I-Scandium iqinile kwiqondo lokushisa legumbi kwaye inokubonakala kwe-silvery-white. Ubume bayo bomzimba bunokutshintsha ngokuxhomekeke kwiinguqu kwiqondo lokushisa kunye noxinzelelo.
3. Ubuninzi: Ubuninzi be-scandium bu malunga ne-2.989 g / cm3. Oku kuxinana kuphantsi kuyenza ibe yintsimbi ekhaphukhaphu.
4. Indawo yokunyibilika kwescandium imalunga ne-1541 degrees Celsius (2806 degrees Fahrenheit), nto leyo ebonisa ukuba inyibilika kakhulu. 5. Indawo yokubila: Iscandium ineqondo lokubila elimalunga ne-2836 degrees celcius (5137 degrees Fahrenheit), into ethetha ukuba ifuna amaqondo obushushu aphezulu ukuba abe ngumphunga.
6. Ukuhanjiswa koMbane: I-Scandium yi-conductor efanelekileyo yombane, kunye ne-conductivity yombane efanelekileyo. Ngelixa ayilunganga njengemathiriyeli eqhelekileyo efana nobhedu okanye i-aluminiyam, iseluncedo kwezinye izicelo ezikhethekileyo, ezinje ngeeseli ze-electrolytic kunye ne-aerospace applications.
7. I-Thermal Conductivity: I-Scandium ine-conductivity ephezulu ye-thermal, eyenza ibe ngumqhubi omhle we-thermal kumaqondo aphezulu. Oku kuluncedo kwezinye izicelo zobushushu obuphezulu.
8. I-Crystal Structure: I-Scandium ine-hexagonal edibeneyo ye-crystal structure, oku kuthetha ukuba ii-athomu zayo zifakwe kwii-hexagons ezivaliweyo kwi-crystal.
9. IMagnetism: I-Scandium yidiamagnetic kwiqondo lobushushu begumbi, okuthetha ukuba ayitsalwa okanye igxothwa ziindawo zemagneti. Ukuziphatha kwayo kwamagnetic kuhambelana nesakhiwo sayo sombane.
10. I-Radioactivity: Zonke ii-isotopi ezizinzile ze-scandium azikho i-radioactive, ngoko yinto engeyiyo i-radioactive element.
I-Scandium yintsimbi ekhaphukhaphu, enendawo ephezulu yokunyibilika enezicelo ezininzi ezikhethekileyo, ngakumbi kwishishini le-aerospace kunye nesayensi yezixhobo. Nangona ingafumaneki ngokuqhelekileyo kwindalo, iimpawu zayo ezibonakalayo ziyenza ibe luncedo ngokukhethekileyo kwiindawo ezininzi.
Iimpawu zekhemikhali zescandium
I-Scandium yinto yentsimbi yenguqu.
1. Ulwakhiwo lweathomu: Isakhiwo seathom yeScandium sineeproton ezingama-21 kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo malunga neeneutron ezingama-20. Ubume be-electron yi-1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹ 4s², nto leyo ebonisa ukuba ine-orbital enye engagcwaliswanga.
2. Isimboli yekhemikhali kunye nenombolo yeathom: Isimboli yekhemikhali yeScandium nguSc, kwaye inombolo yayo yeathom ngama-21.
3. I-Electronegativity: I-Scandium inomlinganiselo ophantsi we-electronegativity malunga ne-1.36 (ngokwe-electronegativity kaPawulos). Oku kuthetha ukuba ithambekele ekulahlekelweni ii-electron ukwenza ii-ion ezintle.
4. Imeko ye-oxidation: I-Scandium ikholisa ukubakho kwi-+3 oxidation state, into ethetha ukuba ilahlekelwe zii-electron ezintathu ukwenza i-Sc³⁺ ion. Le yeyona meko iqhelekileyo ye-oxidation. Nangona iSc²⁺ kunye neSc⁴⁺ zikwakhona, azinzanga kwaye azixhaphakanga.
5. Iikhompawundi: I<em>scandium yenza imixube enezakhi ezifana neoksijini, isulfure, initrogen, nehydrogen. Ezinye iikhompawundi eziqhelekileyo ze-scandium ziqukaiscandium oxide (Sc2O3) kunye ne-scandium halides (njengeiscandium chloride, iScCl3).
6. I-Reactivity: I-Scandium yintsimbi esebenzayo, kodwa i-oxidizes ngokukhawuleza emoyeni, yenza ifilimu ye-oxide ye-scandium oxide, ekhusela ukusabela okungaphezulu kwe-oxidation. Oku kwenza ukuba i-scandium izinze kwaye inokumelana nomhlwa.
7. I-Solubility: I-Scandium inyibilika kancinci kwi-acids ezininzi, kodwa ichithwa ngokulula phantsi kweemeko ze-alkaline. Ayinyibiliki emanzini kuba ifilimu yayo ye-oxide inqanda ukusabela okungaphezulu kunye neamolekyu zamanzi.
8. Iimpawu zeekhemikhali ezifana neLanthanide: Iimpawu zeekhemikhali zeScandium zifana nezo ze-lanthanide series (lanthanum, gadolinium, neodymium, njl.), ngoko ngamanye amaxesha ihlelwa njengento efana ne-lanthanide. Oku kufana kubonakaliswa ikakhulu kwiradiyasi ye-ionic, iipropathi ezihlanganisiweyo kunye nokuphinda kusebenze.
9. I-Isotopes: I-Scandium ine-isotopes ezininzi, kuphela ezinye zazo ezizinzileyo. Eyona isotopu izinzile yi-Sc-45, enesiqingatha sobomi obude kwaye ayinayo i-radioactive.
I-Scandium yinto enqabileyo, kodwa ngenxa yezinye iikhemikhali ezikhethekileyo kunye neempawu ezibonakalayo, zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwiindawo ezininzi zesicelo, ngokukodwa kwi-industry ye-aerospace, isayensi yezinto eziphathekayo kunye nezinye izicelo eziphezulu.
Iimpawu zebhayoloji zescandium
I-Scandium ayikho into eqhelekileyo kwindalo. Ngoko ke, ayinayo iimpawu zebhayoloji kwizinto eziphilayo. Iipropati zebhayoloji zidla ngokubandakanya umsebenzi webhayoloji, ukufunxwa kwebhayoloji, imetabolism kunye neziphumo zezinto eziphilayo. Ekubeni i-scandium ingeyonto ebalulekileyo ebomini, akukho zidalwa zaziwayo zinemfuno yebhayoloji okanye zisetyenziselwa i-scandium.
Impembelelo ye-scandium kwizinto eziphilayo inxulumene ikakhulu ne-radioactivity yayo. Ezinye ii-isotopes ze-scandium zi-radioactive, ngoko ke ukuba umzimba womntu okanye ezinye izinto eziphilayo zisesichengeni se-radioactive scandium, kunokubangela ukuvezwa kwemitha eyingozi. Le meko idla ngokwenzeka kwiimeko ezithile ezifana nophando lwenzululwazi yenyukliya, unyango ngeradiotherapy okanye iingozi zenyukliya.
I-Scandium ayisebenzisi ngokunenzuzo kwizinto eziphilayo kwaye kukho ingozi ye-radiation. Ngoko ke, ayisiyonto ibalulekileyo kwizinto eziphilayo.
I-Scandium yinto enqabileyo yeekhemikhali, kwaye ukuhanjiswa kwayo kwindalo kulinganiselwe. Nantsi intshayelelo eneenkcukacha yokusasazwa kwe-scandium kwindalo:
1. Isiqulatho kwindalo: I-Scandium ikhona ngokwexabiso elincinane kumhlaba womhlaba. Umxholo oqhelekileyo kwi-crust ye-Earth malunga ne-0.0026 mg / kg (okanye i-2.6 iinxalenye ngesigidi). Oku kwenza i-scandium ibe yenye yezinto ezinqabileyo kuqweqwe loMhlaba.
2. Ukufunyanwa kwiiminerali: Nangona umxholo wayo omncinci, i-scandium inokufumaneka kwiiminerali ezithile, ngokukodwa kwifom ye-oxides okanye i-silicates. Ezinye iiminerali eziqukethe i-scandium ziquka i-scandianite kunye ne-dolomite.
3. Ukukhutshwa kwe-scandium: Ngenxa yokusabalalisa okulinganiselwe kwindalo, kunzima ukukhupha i-scandium ecocekileyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-scandium ifunyenwe njengeproduct yenkqubo yokunyibilikisa i-aluminium, njengoko iyenzeka nge-aluminium kwi-bauxite.
4. Usasazo lwejografi: I-Scandium isasazwa kwihlabathi jikelele, kodwa hayi ngokulinganayo. Amanye amazwe anje ngeTshayina, iRussia, iNorway, iSweden kunye neBrazil aneediphozithi ezityebileyo zescandium, ngelixa eminye imimandla inqabile ukuba nazo.
Nangona i-scandium inosasazo olulinganiselweyo kwindalo, idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwezinye izicelo eziphezulu zobuchwepheshe kunye nezoshishino, ngoko ke
Ukutsalwa kunye nokunyibilika kweScandium Element
I-Scandium yinto enqabileyo yentsimbi, kwaye ukumbiwa kwayo kunye neenkqubo zokukhutshwa zinzima kakhulu. Oku kulandelayo yintshayelelo eneenkcukacha kwinkqubo yokwembiwa kwemigodi kunye nokutsalwa kwe-scandium element:
1. Ukukhutshwa kwe-scandium: I-Scandium ayikho kwifom yayo ye-elemental kwindalo, kodwa ihlala ikhona kwiimali zokulandelela kwi-ores. Iintsimbi eziphambili ze-scandium ziquka i-vanadium scandium ore, i-zircon ore, kunye ne-yttrium ore. Umxholo we-scandium kwezi ore uphantsi.
Inkqubo yokukhupha i-scandium idla ngokubandakanya la manyathelo alandelayo:
a. Ukumbiwa kwemigodi: ukugrumba iintsimbi ezinescandium.
b. Ukucolwa nokucolwa kwentsimbi ekrwada: Ukutyumza kunye nokulungiswa kwentsimbi ukwahlula intsimbi ekrwada eluncedo kumatye enkunkuma.
c. I-Flotation: Ngenkqubo ye-flotation, ii-ore eziqulethe i-scandium ziyahlulwa kobunye ukungcola.
d. Ukuchithwa kunye nokuNcitshiswa: I-Scandium hydroxide idla ngokuchithwa kwaye emva koko iyancitshiswa ibe yi-metallic scandium yi-agent yokunciphisa (ngokuqhelekileyo i-aluminium).
e. I-electrolytic extraction: I-scandium encitshisiweyo ikhutshwe ngenkqubo ye-electrolytic ukuze ifumane ubunyulu obuphezuluintsimbi yescandium.
3. Ukucocwa kwe-scandium: Ngokusebenzisa iinkqubo ezininzi zokuchithwa kunye ne-crystallization, ukucoceka kwe-scandium kunokuphuculwa ngakumbi. Indlela eqhelekileyo yokwahlula kunye ne-crystallize i-scandium compounds ngokusebenzisa i-chlorination okanye iinkqubo ze-carbonation zokufumanaiscandium ecocekileyo.
Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ngenxa yokunqongophala kwe-scandium, ukukhutshwa kunye neenkqubo zokucoca zifuna ubunjineli beekhemikhali ezichaneke kakhulu, kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo zivelise inani elikhulu lenkunkuma kunye nemveliso. Ngoko ke, ukumbiwa kwemigodi kunye nokukhutshwa kwezinto ze-scandium yiprojekthi eyinkimbinkimbi kwaye ibiza kakhulu, ngokuqhelekileyo idibaniswe nenkqubo yemigodi kunye nokukhutshwa kwezinye izinto zokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwezoqoqosho.
Iindlela zokujonga i-scandium
1. I-Atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS): I-Atomic absorption spectrometry yindlela esetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo yokuhlalutya ubungakanani esebenzisa i-spectra yokufunxa kwi-wavelengths ethile ukumisela ukuxinwa kwe-scandium kwisampuli. I-atomizes isampuli ukuba ivavanywe kwidangatye, kwaye emva koko ilinganise ubunzulu bokufunxa be-scandium kwisampulu nge-spectrometer. Le ndlela ifanelekile ukufunyanwa kwe-trace concentrations ye-scandium.
2. I-inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES): I-inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry yindlela ebukhali kakhulu kwaye ekhethiweyo yokuhlalutya esetyenziswa ngokubanzi kuhlalutyo lwezinto ezininzi. I-atomize isampuli kwaye yenze i-plasma, kwaye imisela ubude obuthile kunye nobukhulu bokukhutshwa kwe-scandium kwi-spectrometer.
3. I-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS): I-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry yindlela yokuhlalutya enobucayi kunye nesisombululo esiphezulu esingasetyenziselwa ukumisela umlinganiselo we-isotope kunye nohlalutyo lwento yokulandelela. I-atomize isampuli kwaye yenze i-plasma, kwaye imisela umlinganiselo we-mass-to-charge ratio ye-scandium kwi-spectrometer yobuninzi. 4. I-X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF): I-X-ray fluorescence spectrometry isebenzisa i-fluorescence spectrum eyenziwa emva kokuba isampuli ivuyiswe yi-X-ray ukuhlalutya umxholo wezinto. Iyakwazi ukukhawuleza kwaye ingabonakali ngokukrakra umxholo we-scandium kwisampuli.
5. I-spectrometry yokufunda ngokuthe ngqo: Eyaziwa ngokuba yi-photoelectric direct reading spectrometry, bubuchule bokuhlalutya obusetyenziselwa ukuhlalutya umxholo wezinto kwisampuli.I-spectrometry yokufunda ngokuthe ngqo isekelwe kumgaqo we-atomic emission spectrometry. Isebenzisa iintlantsi zombane ezinobushushu obuphezulu okanye ii-arcs ukufunxa ngokuthe ngqo izinto kwisampulu ukusuka kwimeko eqinileyo kwaye ikhuphe imigca yembonakalo yeempawu kwimeko yochulumanco. Into nganye inomgca wokukhupha owodwa, kwaye ukuqina kwayo kuhambelana nomxholo wento kwisampulu. Ngokulinganisa ubunzulu bale migca yembonakalo yeempawu, umxholo wento nganye kwisampulu unokumiselwa. Le ndlela isetyenziselwa uhlalutyo lokuqulunqwa kwesinyithi kunye ne-alloys, ngokukodwa kwi-metallurgy, processing metal, isayensi yezinto kunye nezinye iinkalo.
Ezi ndlela zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwibhubhoratri kunye neshishini lohlalutyo lobungakanani kunye nokulawulwa komgangatho we-scandium. Ukukhethwa kwendlela efanelekileyo kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezifana nohlobo lwesampulu, umda wokufumanisa ofunekayo kunye nokuchaneka kokufumanisa.
Ukusetyenziswa okuthe ngqo kwendlela yokufunxa i-athomu ye-scandium
Kumlinganiselo wento, i-atomic absorption spectroscopy inokuchaneka okuphezulu kunye novakalelo, ibonelela ngeendlela ezisebenzayo zokufunda iipropathi zekhemikhali, ukwakheka kwekhompawundi, kunye nomxholo wezinto.
Emva koko, siya kusebenzisa i-atomic absorption spectroscopy ukulinganisa umxholo wentsimbi.
Amanyathelo athile ngala alandelayo:
Lungiselela isampuli ukuba ivavanywe. Ukulungiselela isisombululo sesampulu ukuba silinganiswe, ngokuqhelekileyo kuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa i-asidi edibeneyo yokugaya ukuze kuququzelele imilinganiselo elandelayo.
Khetha i-spectrometer efanelekileyo yokufunxa iathom. Khetha i-spectrometer efanelekileyo yokufunxa i-athomu ngokusekelwe kwiipropati zesampulu eziza kuvavanywa kunye noluhlu lomxholo we-scandium oza kulinganiswa. Lungisa iiparameters zespectrometer yokufunxa iathom. Lungisa iiparameters zespectrometer yokufunxa iathom, kuquka umthombo wokukhanya, iatomizer, idetector, njl., ngokusekelwe kwinto evavanyiweyo kunye nemodeli yesixhobo.
Ukulinganisa ukufunxa kwescandium element. Beka isampuli ukuba ivavanywe kwiatomizer kwaye ikhuphe ukukhanya kwemitha yobude obuthile ngomthombo wokukhanya. I-element ye-scandium eza kuvavanywa iyakufunxa le mitha yokukhanya kwaye ingene kwizinga lokutshintsha kwamandla. Ukulinganisa ukufunxa kwescandium element ngesixhobo sokujonga.
Bala umxholo we scandium element. Bala umxholo we-scandium element ngokusekelwe kwi-absorption kunye negophe eliqhelekileyo.
Kumsebenzi wangempela, kuyimfuneko ukukhetha iindlela ezifanelekileyo zokulinganisa ngokweemfuno ezithile zesayithi. Ezi ndlela zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kuhlalutyo kunye nokufumanisa isinyithi kwiibhubhoratri kunye namashishini.
Ekupheleni kwentshayelelo yethu ebanzi kwi-scandium, sinethemba lokuba abafundi banokuba nokuqonda okunzulu kunye nolwazi lwale nto imangalisayo. I-Scandium, njengento ebalulekileyo kwitheyibhile ye-periodic, ayidlali nje indima ebalulekileyo kwintsimi yesayensi, kodwa inoluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo kwimpilo yemihla ngemihla kunye nezinye iinkalo.
Ngokufunda iipropathi, ukusetyenziswa, inkqubo yokufumanisa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-scandium kwisayensi kunye neteknoloji yanamhlanje, sinokubona umtsalane okhethekileyo kunye nokwenzeka kwesi sixhobo. Ukusuka kwizinto ze-aerospace ukuya kwi-teknoloji yebhetri, ukusuka kwi-petrochemicals ukuya kwizixhobo zonyango, i-scandium idlala indima ebalulekileyo.
Ewe kunjalo, kufuneka siqonde ukuba ngelixa i-scandium izisa lula ebomini bethu, ikwanayo nemingcipheko enokubakho. Ke ngoko, ngelixa sifuna ukonwabela izibonelelo ze-scandium, kufuneka sinikele ingqalelo ekusetyenzisweni okufanelekileyo kunye nesicelo esisemgangathweni ukuphepha iingxaki ezinokwenzeka.I-Scandium yinto ekufanele ukuba sifunde ngayo kunye nokuqonda okunzulu. Kuphuhliso lwexesha elizayo lwesayensi kunye netekhnoloji, silindele ukuba i-scandium idlale iingenelo zayo ezizodwa kwiinkalo ezininzi kwaye izise lula ngakumbi kunye nokothusayo kubomi bethu.
Ixesha lokuposa: Nov-14-2024