Isilivere yekloridi, ngokwemichiza eyaziwa ngokubaAgCl, yikhompawundi enomdla enoluhlu olubanzi lokusetyenziswa. Umbala wayo omhlophe okhethekileyo wenza ukuba kube lukhetho oludumileyo lokufota, ubucwebe, kunye nezinye iindawo ezininzi. Nangona kunjalo, emva kokuvezwa ixesha elide ekukhanyeni okanye kwiindawo ezithile, i-chloride yesilivere inokutshintsha kwaye ibe ngwevu. Kweli nqaku, siza kuhlolisisa izizathu ezibangela le nto inomdla.
Isilivere yekloridiyenziwa ngokusabela kweisilivere nitrate (AgNO3) kunye ne-hydrochloric acid (HCl) okanye nawuphi na umthombo we-chloride. Yikristale eqinileyo emhlophe ene-photosensitive, okuthetha ukuba iyatshintsha xa iboniswe ekukhanyeni. Le propati ibangelwa ubukho be-ion zesilivere (Ag +) kunye ne-chloride ion (Cl-) kwi-crystal lattice yayo.
Esona sizathu siphambiliIsilivere yekloridiujika ngwevu kukubunjwa kweisilivere yesinyithi(Ag) kumphezulu wayo. NiniIsilivere yekloridiibonakaliswe ekukhanyeni okanye kwiikhemikhali ezithile, i-ion zesilivere ezikhoyo kwikhompawundi zifumana impendulo yokunciphisa. Oku kubangelaisilivere yesinyithiukuba idiphozithi phezu komhlabaisilivere chlorideiikristale.
Omnye weyona mithombo ixhaphakileyo yokusabela kokuncipha kukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet (UV) ekhoyo ekukhanyeni kwelanga. Xa isilivere chloride isesichengeni semitha ye-UV, amandla abonelelwa kukukhanya abangela ukuba ii-ion zesilivere zithole ii-electron kwaye emva koko ziguquke zibeisilivere yesinyithi. Le mpendulo ibizwa ngokuba yifotoreduction.
Ukongeza ukukhanya, ezinye izinto ezinokubangelaisilivere chlorideukujika ube ngwevu kuquka ukuba sesichengeni kwiikhemikhali ezithile, njengehydrogen peroxide okanye isulfure. Ezi zinto zisebenza njengeejenti zokunciphisa, ezikhuthaza ukuguqulwa kweeyoni zesilivere zibeisilivere yesinyithi.
Enye into enomdla eyenza ukuba i-chloride yesilivere ibe grey yindima yokungcola okanye iziphene kwisakhiwo se-crystal. Nasebunyuluisilivere chlorideiikristale, kuhlala kukho iziphene ezincinci okanye ukungcola okusasazeka kuyo yonke i-crystal lattice. Ezi zinokusebenza njengeziza zolwaluko zokunciphisa ukusabela, okukhokelela ekubekweni kweintsimbi yesiliverekumphezulu wekristale.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ingwevu yeisilivere chlorideayisosiphumo esibi. Enyanisweni, isetyenziswe kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo, ngakumbi kwintsimi yokufota.Isiliva chloridesisithako esiphambili sokufota ifilimu emnyama namhlophe, apho ukuguqulwa kweisilivere chloridekwisilivere linyathelo elibalulekileyo ekudaleni umfanekiso obonakalayo. Okuveziweyoisilivere chlorideIikristale ziba ngwevu xa zisabela ngokukhanya, zenza umfanekiso ofihlakeleyo, othi emva koko uphuhliswe kusetyenziswa imichiza yeefoto ukuveza ifoto yokugqibela emnyama namhlophe.
Ukushwankathela, umbala ongwevu weisilivere chloridekubangelwa ukuguqulwa kweeyoni zesilivere zibeisilivere yesinyithikumphezulu wekristale. Le nto ibangelwa ikakhulu kukuvezwa kokukhanya okanye iikhemikhali ezithile ezibangela ukusabela kokunciphisa. Ubukho bokungcola okanye iziphene kwisakhiwo sekristale nako kunokubangela le greying. Nangona inokutshintsha inkangeleko yeisilivere chloride, olu tshintsho luye lwaxhatshazwa kwiifoto ukwenza imifanekiso ekhangayo emnyama namhlophe.
Ixesha lokuposa: Nov-07-2023