Intangiriro Kuri Gukoresha Isi idasanzwe
Ibintu bidakunze kubaho ku isi bizwi nka "vitamine zo mu nganda", hamwe n’ibintu byiza bidasubirwaho bya magnetiki, optique n’amashanyarazi, kugirango bitezimbere imikorere, kongera ibicuruzwa bitandukanye, kuzamura umusaruro byagize uruhare runini.Kubera uruhare runini rw'ubutaka budasanzwe, ikoreshwa rito, ryabaye ikintu cy'ingenzi mu kuzamura imiterere y'ibicuruzwa, guteza imbere ubumenyi n'ikoranabuhanga, guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga mu nganda, ryakoreshejwe cyane mu byuma bya metallurgie, igisirikare, peteroli, imiti y’ibirahure , ubuhinzi nibikoresho bishya nibindi bice.
Inganda
Ni gake cyane abahungu n'ababikira bakoreshwa mu bijyanye na metallurgie mu myaka irenga 30, kandi bakoze ikoranabuhanga n'ikoranabuhanga rikuze, isi idasanzwe mu byuma, ibyuma bidafite fer, ni agace kanini, ifite ibyerekezo byinshi.Ntibisanzwe ubutaka cyangwa fluoride, silikate yongewe kumyuma, irashobora kugira uruhare mugutunganya, desulfurizasi, hagati no hagati yo gushonga ahantu habi byangiza, kandi birashobora kunoza imikorere yicyuma;Ikoreshwa cyane mumamodoka, romoruki, moteri ya mazutu nizindi nganda zikora imashini, ibyuma bidasanzwe byubutaka byongewe kuri magnesium, aluminium, umuringa, zinc, nikel hamwe nandi mavuta adafite ferrous, birashobora kunoza imiterere yumubiri nubumara byimvange, kandi bigatera imbere ubushyuhe bwicyumba nubushyuhe bwo hejuru ubukanishi bwa alloys.
Kuberako isi idasanzwe ifite imiterere myiza yumubiri nka optique na electronique, irashobora gukora ibikoresho bishya bifite imitungo itandukanye hamwe nibindi bikoresho bitandukanye, bishobora kuzamura cyane ubwiza nimikorere yibindi bicuruzwa.Kubwibyo, hariho izina rya "zahabu yinganda".Mbere ya byose, kongeramo isi idasanzwe birashobora guteza imbere cyane imikoreshereze ya tank, indege, misile, ibyuma, aluminiyumu, magnesium, amavuta ya titanium.Byongeye kandi, isi idasanzwe irashobora kandi gukoreshwa nka elegitoroniki, lazeri, inganda za kirimbuzi, superconducting hamwe nandi mavuta menshi yubuhanga buhanitse.Ikoranabuhanga ridasanzwe ku isi, rimaze gukoreshwa mu gisirikare, byanze bikunze rizasimbuka ubumenyi bwa siyansi n'ikoranabuhanga.Mu buryo bumwe, igisirikare cy’Amerika cyagenzuye cyane intambara zaho nyuma y’intambara y'ubutita, ndetse n’ubushobozi bwacyo bwo kwica umwanzi mu buryo butavogerwa kandi rusange, biterwa n’ikoranabuhanga ridasanzwe ry’ikoranabuhanga ry’isi.
Ibikomoka kuri peteroli
Ubutaka budasanzwe burashobora gukoreshwa mubutaka bwa peteroli kugirango bukore catalizike ya molekile, hamwe nibikorwa byinshi, guhitamo neza, kurwanya cyane uburozi bwibyuma biremereye nibindi byiza, bityo bigasimbuza catalizike ya aluminium kugirango ikorwe na peteroli;Ubwinshi bwa gaze yo kuvura irikubye inshuro 1.5 kurenza catalizike ya nikel aluminium, mugikorwa cyo gusanisha reberi ya shunbutyl na reberi ya isoprene, gukoresha aside cyclane acide isi idasanzwe - catalizike eshatu ya isobutyl aluminium, yabonye ibicuruzwa nibyiza, hamwe nibikoresho bike bimanikwa kole, imikorere ihamye, igihe gito nyuma yo kuvurwa nibindi byiza;n'ibindi.
Ceramics
Umubare w’ubutaka budasanzwe mu bucuruzi bw’ibirahure n’ubukorikori bw’Ubushinwa wagiye wiyongera ku kigereranyo cya 25% kuva mu 1988, ugera kuri toni zigera ku 1600 mu 1998, kandi ububiko bw’ibirahure bidasanzwe by’ubutaka ntabwo ari ibikoresho bisanzwe by’inganda n’ubuzima, ahubwo nanone abanyamuryango nyamukuru murwego rwohejuru.Ntibisanzwe isi ya oxyde cyangwa itunganywa nubutaka budasanzwe irashobora gukoreshwa nkifu ya polishinge ikoreshwa cyane mubirahuri bya optique, indorerwamo zerekana, imiyoboro yerekana amashusho, oscilloscopetubes, ikirahure kibase, plastike nicyuma cyo kumeza;Kugirango ukureho ibara ryicyatsi mubirahure, kongeramo okiside yisi idasanzwe irashobora kubyara uburyo butandukanye bwikirahure cya optique hamwe nikirahure kidasanzwe, harimo binyuze mumirasire ya infragre, uv ikurura ibirahuri, aside hamwe nikirahure kitarwanya ubushyuhe, ikirahuri cya X-ray , etc.
Ubuhinzi
Ibisubizo byerekana ko ibintu bidasanzwe byisi bishobora guteza imbere chlorophyll yibimera, kongera amafoto ya fotosintezeza, guteza imbere imizi, no kongera intungamubiri za sisitemu yumuzi.Ubutaka budasanzwe bushobora kandi guteza imbuto kumera, kongera umuvuduko wimbuto, no guteza imbere ingemwe.Usibye inshingano zikomeye zavuzwe haruguru, ariko kandi ifite n'ubushobozi bwo gukora ibihingwa bimwe na bimwe kugirango byongere indwara, ubukonje, kurwanya amapfa.Umubare munini w’ubushakashatsi werekanye kandi ko gukoresha imbaraga z’ibintu bidasanzwe by’ubutaka bishobora guteza imbere kwinjiza, guhindura no gukoresha intungamubiri mu bimera.Gutera isi idasanzwe birashobora kunoza ibirimo Vc, isukari yuzuye hamwe nisukari-aside igereranije nimbuto za pome na citrus, kandi bigatera amabara kurangi no kwitonda.Irashobora kubuza imbaraga zo guhumeka mugihe cyo kubika no kugabanya umuvuduko wo kubora.
Ibikoresho bishya
Ntibisanzwe isi ferrite boron ibikoresho bya magneti bihoraho, hamwe na magnetisme isigaye cyane, imbaraga za orthopedic nyinshi hamwe no gukwirakwiza ingufu za magneti nyinshi hamwe nibindi biranga, ikoreshwa cyane mubikorwa bya elegitoroniki n’ikirere ndetse no gutwara umuyaga w’umuyaga (cyane cyane ubereye inganda zitanga amashanyarazi ku nyanja);- Aluminium garnets hamwe nikirahure cya niobium bikozwe muri zirconium yera cyane birashobora gukoreshwa nkibikoresho bikomeye bya laser;isi idasanzwe boroncans irashobora gukoreshwa mugukora ibikoresho bya catodiki bisohoka hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga;niobium nikel icyuma nigikoresho gishya cyo kubika hydrogène mu myaka ya za 70;acide chromic nubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwa termoelektrike Kugeza ubu, ibikoresho birenze urugero bikozwe muri oxyde ishingiye kuri niobium hamwe nogutezimbere ibintu bya ogisijeni bishingiye kuri niobium ku isi birashobora kubona imiyoboro ihanitse mu bushyuhe bw’amazi ya azote, ibyo bikaba bitera intambwe mu iterambere y'ibikoresho birenze urugero.Byongeye kandi, isi idasanzwe nayo ikoreshwa cyane mumasoko yumucyo nka fosifore, fosifori yongerewe imbaraga, fosifori yamabara atatu, ifu yumucyo wa fotokopi (ariko kubera igiciro cyinshi cyibiciro byisi bidasanzwe, bityo ikoreshwa ryumucyo ryaragabanutse buhoro buhoro), projection ibinini bya tereviziyo nibindi bicuruzwa bya elegitoroniki;Irashobora kongera umusaruro wa 5 kugeza ku 10%, mu nganda z’imyenda, isi idasanzwe ya chloride nayo ikoreshwa cyane muguhingura ubwoya, gusiga ubwoya, gusiga ubwoya no gusiga amarangi, kandi isi idasanzwe irashobora gukoreshwa mumashanyarazi ya catalitike ihindura kugirango igabanye nyamukuru umwanda uri muri moteri usohora gaze mubintu bitarimo uburozi.
Ibindi Porogaramu
Ibintu bidasanzwe byisi bikoreshwa kandi mubicuruzwa bitandukanye bya digitale harimo amajwi-amashusho, gufotora, itumanaho hamwe nibikoresho bitandukanye bya digitale, kugirango uhuze ibicuruzwa bito, byihuse, byoroshye, gukoresha igihe kinini, kuzigama ingufu nibindi byinshi bisabwa.Muri icyo gihe, yanakoreshejwe mu mbaraga z'icyatsi, ubuvuzi, kweza amazi, ubwikorezi n'izindi nzego.