Nkuko twese tubizi, amabuye y'agaciro adasanzwe mu Bushinwa agizwe ahanini n'ibice by'isi bidasanzwe, muri byo lanthanum na cerium bingana na 60%.Hamwe no kwaguka kwisi idasanzwe ibikoresho bya magneti bihoraho, ibikoresho bidasanzwe bya luminescent, ifu yubutaka budasanzwe hamwe nubutaka budasanzwe mubukorikori bwa metallurgjiya mubushinwa uko umwaka utashye, icyifuzo cyubutaka buciriritse kandi buremereye ku isoko ryimbere mu gihugu nabwo buriyongera vuba.Byateye igice kinini cy’umucyo mwinshi isi idasanzwe nka Ce, La na Pr, biganisha ku busumbane bukomeye hagati yo gukoresha no gukoresha umutungo w’ubutaka budasanzwe mu Bushinwa.Byagaragaye ko urumuri rudasanzwe rw'isi rwerekana imikorere myiza ya catalitiki no gukora neza mubikorwa bya chimique bitewe nuburyo bwihariye bwa 4f electron shell shell.Kubwibyo, Gukoresha isi yoroheje nkibikoresho bya catalitiki ninzira nziza yo gukoresha byimazeyo umutungo wisi udasanzwe.Catalyst ni ubwoko bwibintu bishobora kwihutisha imiti kandi ntibikoreshwa mbere na nyuma yo kubyitwaramo.Gushimangira ubushakashatsi bwibanze bw’ubutaka budasanzwe ntibishobora kuzamura umusaruro gusa, ahubwo binabika umutungo n’ingufu no kugabanya umwanda w’ibidukikije, bijyanye n’icyerekezo cy’iterambere rirambye.
Kuki ibintu bidasanzwe byisi bifite ibikorwa bya catalitiki?
Ibintu bidakunze kubaho ku isi bifite imiterere yihariye ya elegitoroniki (4f), ikora nka atome yo hagati yikigo kandi ikagira imibare itandukanye ihuza kuva kuri 6 kugeza kuri 12. Guhindura umubare wimibare yibintu bidasanzwe byubutaka byerekana ko bafite "agaciro gasigara". .Kuberako 4f ifite ibyuma birindwi bya backup valent electron orbitals ifite ubushobozi bwo guhuza, igira uruhare rwa "backup chimique bond" cyangwa "valence ibisigara" .Ubu bushobozi burakenewe kugirango umusemburo usanzwe.Kubwibyo, ibintu bidasanzwe byubutaka ntibifite ibikorwa bya catalitiki gusa, ahubwo birashobora no gukoreshwa nkinyongeramusaruro cyangwa cokatisiti kugirango bitezimbere imikorere ya catalizike, cyane cyane ubushobozi bwo kurwanya gusaza nubushobozi bwo kurwanya uburozi.
Kugeza ubu, uruhare rwa nano cerium oxyde na nano lanthanum oxyde mu kuvura imyuka y’imodoka rwabaye ikintu gishya.
Ibice byangiza mumashanyarazi ahanini birimo CO, HC na NOx.Ubutaka budasanzwe bukoreshwa mubutaka budasanzwe bwimodoka itanga isuku cyane ni uruvange rwa cerium oxyde, oxyde ya praseodymium na oxyde ya lanthanum.Ubutaka budasanzwe bwimodoka itanga isuku igizwe na oxyde igoye yisi idasanzwe na cobalt, manganese na gurş.Nubwoko bwa catalizike ya ternary hamwe na perovskite, ubwoko bwa spinel nuburyo, aho oxyde cerium aricyo kintu cyingenzi. Bitewe na redox iranga oxyde cerium, ibice bya gaze ya gaze irashobora kugenzurwa neza.
Imashini isohora ibinyabiziga bigizwe ahanini nubuki bwikibumbano ceramic (cyangwa ibyuma) hamwe nubuso bukora hejuru.Igikoresho gikoreshwa kigizwe nubuso bunini γ-Al2O3, urugero rwiza rwa okiside kugirango ihagarike ubuso hamwe nicyuma gikora catalitiki ikwirakwizwa muri kashe.Kugabanya ikoreshwa rya pt ihenze na RH, kongera ikoreshwa rya Pd ihendutse kandi ugabanye igiciro cya catalizator, Mugihe cyo kutagabanya imikorere ya catalizike yo gutunganya ibinyabiziga, umubare munini wa CeO2 na La2O3 wongeyeho muri ibikorwa byo gutwika ibintu bisanzwe bikoreshwa Pt-Pd-Rh ternary cataliste kugirango ikore isi idasanzwe ibyuma bya ternary catalizator hamwe ningaruka nziza ya catalitiki.La2O3 (UG-La01) na CeO2 byakoreshejwe nka porotokoro kugirango bongere imikorere ya γ- Al2O3 bashyigikiwe nicyuma cyiza cyane.Nk’ubushakashatsi, CeO2, Uburyo bukuru bwa La2O3 muri catalizaires nziza nicyuma gikurikira:
1. kunoza ibikorwa bya catalitiki yububiko bukora wongeyeho CeO2 kugirango ibice byibyuma byagaciro bitatanye mugukora neza, kugirango wirinde kugabanuka kwingingo za catalitiki no kwangiza ibikorwa byatewe no gucumura.Ongeraho CeO2 (UG-Ce01) muri Pt / γ-Al2O3 irashobora gutatana kuri γ-Al2O3 murwego rumwe (umubare ntarengwa wo gutatanya umurongo umwe ni 0.035g CeO2 / g γ-Al2O3), uhindura imiterere yubuso bwa γ -Al2O3 kandi itezimbere urwego rwo gukwirakwiza Pt.Iyo ibirimo CeO2 bingana cyangwa byegeranye kurwego rwo gutatanya, impamyabumenyi ya Pt igera hejuru.Ikwirakwizwa rya CeO2 ninziza nziza ya CeO2.Mu kirere cya okiside iri hejuru ya 600 ℃, Rh itakaza imbaraga zayo kubera igisubizo gikomeye hagati ya Rh2O3 na Al2O3.Kubaho kwa CeO2 bizagabanya reaction hagati ya Rh na Al2O3 kandi bikomeze gukora Rh.La2O3 (UG-La01) irashobora kandi gukumira imikurire ya Pt ultrafine.Kongeraho CeO2 na La2O3 (UG-La01) kuri Pd / γ 2al2o3, byagaragaye ko kwiyongera kwa CeO2 byateje imbere gukwirakwiza Pd kubitwara kandi bitanga umusaruro kugabanuka.Ikwirakwizwa ryinshi rya Pd n'imikoranire yayo na CeO2 kuri Pd / γ2Al2O3 nurufunguzo rwibikorwa byinshi bya catalizator.
2. Igipimo cyoguhindura ikirere-lisansi (aπ f) Iyo ubushyuhe bwo gutangira bwimodoka buzamutse, cyangwa mugihe uburyo bwo gutwara no guhinduka bwihuse, umuvuduko wimyuka hamwe na gaze ya gaze ihinduka, ibyo bigatuma imikorere yimodoka isohoka gazi yoza gazi ihora ihinduka kandi ikagira ingaruka kumikorere yayo.Birakenewe guhindura igipimo cya lisansi yumwuka nikigereranyo cya stoichiometric ya 1415 ~ 1416, kugirango cataliste ibashe gukina byuzuye mumikorere yayo yo kweza.CeO2 ni oxyde ya valence ihinduka (Ce4 + ΠCe3 +), ifite imiterere ya N-ubwoko bwa semiconductor, kandi ifite ububiko bwiza bwa ogisijeni no kurekura.Iyo igipimo cya A π F gihindutse, CeO2 irashobora kugira uruhare runini muguhindura byimazeyo igipimo cya peteroli.Ni ukuvuga, O2 irekurwa iyo lisansi irenze kugirango ifashe CO na hydrocarubone okiside;Mugihe habaye umwuka mwinshi, CeO2-x igira uruhare mukugabanya kandi ikorana na NOx kugirango ikure NOx muri gaze ya gaze kugirango ibone CeO2.
3. Ingaruka za cocatalyst Iyo imvange ya aπ f iri mubipimo bya stoichiometric, usibye reaction ya okiside ya H2, CO, HC hamwe no kugabanya reaction ya NOx, CeO2 nka cocatalyst nayo ishobora kwihutisha kwimuka kwa gaze mumazi no kuvugurura ibyuka no kugabanya ibikubiye muri CO na HC.La2O3 irashobora kunoza igipimo cyo guhinduka mumyuka yimuka ya gazi yamazi hamwe na hydrocarubone ivugurura ibyuka.Hodorène yakozwe ningirakamaro mukugabanya NOx.Wongeyeho La2O3 kuri Pd / CeO2 -γ-Al2O3 kugirango methanol ibore, byagaragaye ko kongeramo La2O3 byabujije ishyirwaho ryibicuruzwa dimethyl ether kandi binonosora ibikorwa bya catalitiki ya catalizator.Iyo ibiri muri La2O3 ari 10%, catalizator igira ibikorwa byiza kandi methanol ihinduka igera kuri byinshi (hafi 91.4%).Ibi birerekana ko La2O3 ifite ikwirakwizwa ryiza kubatwara γ-Al2O3.Ikindi kandi, yateje imbere ikwirakwizwa rya CeO2 kuri γ2Al2O3 itwara no kugabanya umwuka wa ogisijeni mwinshi, kurushaho kunoza ikwirakwizwa rya Pd no kurushaho kunoza imikoranire hagati ya Pd na CeO2, bityo bitezimbere ibikorwa bya catalitiki ya catalizator yo kubora methanol.
Dukurikije ibiranga kurengera ibidukikije muri iki gihe hamwe n’uburyo bushya bwo gukoresha ingufu, Ubushinwa bugomba guteza imbere ibikoresho bidasanzwe by’ubutaka bwa catalitiki bifite uburenganzira bw’umutungo bwite w’ubwenge, bigashyira mu bikorwa neza umutungo w’ubutaka budasanzwe, guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga mu bikoresho by’ubutaka bidasanzwe, kandi bigasimbuka. -iterambere ryiterambere ryiterambere rya tekinoroji ihanitse nkisi idasanzwe, ibidukikije nimbaraga nshya.
Kugeza ubu, ibicuruzwa bitangwa n’uru ruganda birimo nano zirconia, nano titania, nano alumina, nano aluminium hydroxide, nano zinc oxyde, nano silicon oxyde, nano magnesium oxyde, nano magnesium hydroxide, nano umuringa, nano yttrium oxyde, nano cerium oxyde , nano lanthanum oxyde, nano tungsten trioxide, nano ferroferric oxyde, nano antibacterial agent na graphene. Ubwiza bwibicuruzwa burahagaze, kandi bwaguzwe mubice byinganda n’ibihugu byinshi.
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Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-23-2021