Ubusazi? Inkqubo yokufumanisa kwabantuiyttriumyayigcwele amajiko kunye nemingeni. Ngo-1787, u-Karl Axel Arrhenius waseSweden wafumanisa ngengozi intsimbi emnyama eshinyeneyo nenzima kwikwari kufutshane nedolophu yakhe yelali yaseYtterby wayibiza ngokuba yi "Ytterbite". Emva koko, izazinzulu ezininzi eziquka uJohan Gadolin, Anders Gustav Ekberg, Friedrich Wöhler kunye nabanye baqhube uphando olunzulu kule ore.
Ngo-1794, usokhemisti waseFinland uJohan Gadolin waphumelela ukwahlula ioksidi entsha kwi-ytterbium ore wayibiza ngokuba yiyttrium. Esi yayisisihlandlo sokuqala ukuba abantu bafumanise ngokucacileyo into enqabileyo yomhlaba. Noko ke, oku kufunyenweyo akuzange kutsale ngqalelo ngokukhawuleza.
Ekuhambeni kwexesha, izazinzulu ziye zafumanisa ezinye izinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba. Ngomnyaka we-1803, iKlaproth yaseJamani kunye nabaseSweden uHitzinger kunye noBerzelius bafumana i-cerium. Ngowe-1839, uMosander waseSweden wafumanisalanthanum. Ngowe-1843, wafumanisa i-erbium kunyeterbium. Ezi zinto zifunyanisiweyo zanika isiseko esibalulekileyo sophando lwenzululwazi olwalandelayo.
Kwada kwaba sekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-19 apho izazinzulu zahlula ngempumelelo i-element "yttrium" kwi-yttrium ore. Ngowe-1885, uWilsbach waseAustria wafumanisa i-neodymium kunye nepraseodymium. Ngowe-1886, uBois-Baudran wafumanisaidysprosium. Ezi zinto zifunyenweyo zatyebisa ngakumbi intsapho enkulu yezinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba.
Ngaphezulu kwekhulu leminyaka emva kokufunyanwa kwe-yttrium, ngenxa yokulinganiselwa kweemeko zobugcisa, izazinzulu azikwazanga ukuhlambulula le nto, ebangela ukuba ezinye iingxabano zemfundo kunye neempazamo. Nangona kunjalo, oku akuzange kuthintele izazinzulu kwintshiseko yazo yokufunda i-yttrium.
Ebutsheni benkulungwane yama-20, ngenxa yokuhambela phambili kwenzululwazi nobugcisa, izazinzulu ekugqibeleni zaqalisa ukukwazi ukucoca izakhi ezinqabileyo zomhlaba. Ngowe-1901, indoda yaseFransi uEugene de Marseille yafumanisaubuchopho. Ngo-1907-1908, uWilsbach waseAustria kunye nomFrentshi u-Urbain bafumanisa ngokuzimeleyo i-lutetium. Ezi zinto zifunyanisiweyo zanika isiseko esibalulekileyo sophando lwenzululwazi olwalandelayo.
Kwisayensi kunye neteknoloji yanamhlanje, ukusetyenziswa kwe-yttrium kuya kuba kuninzi ngakumbi. Ngenkqubela phambili eqhubekayo yesayensi kunye neteknoloji, ukuqonda kwethu kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-yttrium kuya kuba nzulu ngakumbi.
Iinkalo zesicelo ze-yttrium element
1.Iglasi ye-Optical kunye neekeramics:I-Yttrium isetyenziswa kakhulu ekwenzeni iglasi ye-optical kunye neekeramics, ikakhulu kukwenziwa kweeseramikhi ezicacileyo kunye neglasi yokukhanya. Iikhompawundi zayo zineempawu ezibalaseleyo ze-optical kwaye zingasetyenziselwa ukwenza amacandelo e-laser, unxibelelwano lwefiber-optic kunye nezinye izixhobo.
2. Phosphors:Iikhompawundi ze-Yttrium zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwi-phosphors kwaye zinokukhupha i-fluorescence eqaqambileyo, ngoko zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukuvelisa izikrini zeTV, iimonitha kunye nezixhobo zokukhanyisa.I-Yttrium oxidekunye nezinye iikhompawundi zihlala zisetyenziswa njengezinto ezikhanyayo zokuphucula ukuqaqamba kunye nokucaca kokukhanya.
3. Izongezo zengxubevange: Kwimveliso ye-alloys yensimbi, i-yttrium idla ngokusetyenziswa njengesongezo sokuphucula iimpawu zomatshini kunye nokuxhatshazwa kwe-corrosion of metals.Iingxube zeYttriumzihlala zisetyenziselwa ukwenza intsimbi ephezulu kunyeialloys aluminiyam, izenza zikwazi ukumelana nobushushu kwaye zikwazi ukumelana nomhlwa.
4. IiCatalysts: I-Yttrium compounds idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwezinye i-catalysts kwaye inokukhawulezisa izinga lokuphendula kweekhemikhali. Zisetyenziselwa ukwenza izixhobo zokucoca i-automobile exhaust kunye ne-catalysts kwiinkqubo zemveliso yemizi-mveliso, ukunceda ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwezinto ezinobungozi.
5. Itekhnoloji yemifanekiso yezonyango: Ii-isotopu ze-Yttrium zisetyenziswa kubuchwephesha bokucinga bezonyango ukulungiselela ii-isotophu ze-radioactive, ezifana nokuleyibhela ii-radiopharmaceuticals kunye nokuxilongwa kwe-imaging yezonyango yenyukliya.
6. Itekhnoloji yeLaser:I-Yttrium ion lasers yilaser eqhelekileyo esetyenziswa kuphando lwezenzululwazi olwahlukeneyo, iyeza lelaser kunye nokusetyenziswa kwemizi-mveliso. Ukwenziwa kwezi lasers kufuna ukusetyenziswa kweekhompawundi ezithile zeyttrium njengezivuseleli.Izinto zeYttriumkunye neekhompawundi zabo zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwisayensi yanamhlanje kunye nobuchwepheshe kunye nezoshishino, ezibandakanya iinkalo ezininzi ezifana ne-optics, isayensi yezinto eziphathekayo, kunye neyeza, kwaye zenze igalelo elihle kwinkqubela phambili kunye nophuhliso loluntu.
Iimpawu ezibonakalayo ze-yttrium
Inani leatom yeiyttriumngu-39 kwaye isimboli sayo sekhemikhali nguY.
1. Imbonakalo:I-Yttrium yintsimbi esiliva-emhlophe.
2. Ubuninzi:Ubuninzi be-yttrium yi-4.47 g/cm3, nto leyo eyenza ibe yenye yezinto ezinobunzima kuqweqwe lomhlaba.
3. Indawo yokunyibilika:Indawo yokunyibilika ye-yttrium yi-1522 degrees Celsius (2782 degrees Fahrenheit), nto leyo ebhekiselele kwiqondo lobushushu apho i-yttrium itshintsha ukusuka kwinto eqinileyo ukuya kulwelo phantsi kweemeko ezishushu.
4. Indawo yokubilisa:Indawo yokubila yeyttrium yi 3336 degrees celcius (6037 degrees Fahrenheit), ebhekisa kwiqondo lobushushu apho i-yttrium itshintsha ukusuka kulwelo ukuya kwirhasi phantsi kweemeko ezishushu.
5. Inqanaba:Kwiqondo lobushushu begumbi, i-yttrium ikwimeko eqinileyo.
6. Ukuqhuba:I-Yttrium yi-conductor elungileyo yombane ene-conductivity ephezulu, ngoko ke inezicelo ezithile kwi-electronic device production and circuit technology.
7. Imagnethi:I-Yttrium yinto yeparamagnetic kwiqondo lobushushu begumbi, nto leyo ethetha ukuba ayinayo impendulo yamagnetic ecacileyo kumandla kazibuthe.
8. Ubume beCrystal: I-Yttrium ikhona kwisakhiwo sekristale esine-hexagonal evaliweyo.
9. Umthamo weathom:Umthamo we-athomu ye-yttrium yi-19.8 cubic centimeters kwi-mole, ebhekisela kumthamo othathwe yi-mole enye ye-athomu ye-yttrium.
I-Yttrium sisixhobo sesinyithi esinoxinano oluphezulu kunye nendawo yokunyibilika, kwaye ine-conductivity elungileyo, ngoko inezicelo ezibalulekileyo kwi-electronics, isayensi yemathiriyeli kunye namanye amacandelo. Kwangaxeshanye, i-yttrium ikwayinto eqhelekileyo enqabileyo, edlala indima ebalulekileyo kubuchwephesha obuphambili kunye nezicelo zamashishini.
Iimpawu zeMichiza yeyttrium
1. Isimboli seMichiza kunye neqela: Uphawu lwekhemikhali ye-yttrium yi-Y, kwaye ifumaneka kwithuba lesihlanu kwitheyibhile yeperiodic, iqela lesithathu, elifana ne-lanthanide elements.
2. Ubume bombane: Ubume bombane beyttrium yi-1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁶ 4d¹⁰ 4f¹⁴ 5s². Kwi-electron yangaphandle, i-yttrium inee-electron ezimbini ze-valence.
3. I-Valence state: I-Yttrium ikholisa ukubonisa i-valence state ye-+3, eyona ndawo ixhaphakileyo ye-valence, kodwa ingabonisa i-valence state ye-+2 kunye ne-+1.
4. Ukusebenza kwakhona: I-Yttrium yintsimbi ezinzileyo, kodwa iya kuthi ngokuthe ngcembe i-oxidize xa ibonakaliswe emoyeni, yenze umaleko we-oxide phezu komhlaba. Oku kubangela ukuba i-yttrium ilahlekelwe ukubengezela kwayo. Ukukhusela i-yttrium, ngokuqhelekileyo igcinwe kwindawo eyomileyo.
5. Ukusabela ngee-oksidi: I-Yttrium iphendula ngee-oxides ukwenza iikhompawundi ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanywai-yttrium oxide(Y2O3). I-Yttrium oxide isoloko isetyenziselwa ukwenza iphosphors kunye neekeramics.
6. **Ukusabela nge-acids**: I-Yttrium inokusabela ngee-asidi ezinamandla ukuvelisa iityuwa ezihambelanayo, ezifanayttrium chloride (YCl3) okanyei-yttrium sulfate (Y2(SO4)3).
7. Ukusabela ngamanzi: I-Yttrium ayifuni ngokuthe ngqo ngamanzi phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo, kodwa kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu, inokusabela ngomphunga wamanzi ukuvelisa i-hydrogen kunye ne-yttrium oxide.
8. Ukusabela nge-sulfides kunye ne-carbides: I-Yttrium inokusabela kunye ne-sulfides kunye ne-carbides ukwenza iikhompawundi ezihambelanayo ezifana ne-yttrium sulfide (YS) kunye ne-yttrium carbide (YC2). 9. I-Isotopes: I-Yttrium ine-isotopu ezininzi, eyona izinzileyo yi-yttrium-89 (^89Y), enobomi obude kwaye isetyenziswa kumayeza enyukliya kunye neleyibhile ye-isotope.
I-Yttrium yinto ezinzileyo yesinyithi eneendawo ezininzi ze-valence kunye nokukwazi ukusabela kunye nezinye izinto ukwenza iikhompawundi. Inoluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo kwi-optics, isayensi yezixhobo, amayeza, kunye neshishini, ngakumbi kwi-phosphors, ukwenziwa kwe-ceramic, kunye netekhnoloji yelaser.
Iimpawu zebhayoloji zeyttrium
Iimpawu zebhayoloji zeiyttriumkwizinto eziphilayo zilinganiselwe.
1. Ubukho kunye nokungeniswa: Nangona i-yttrium ingeyonto ebalulekileyo ebomini, umkhondo we-yttrium unokufumaneka kwindalo, kuquka umhlaba, amatye kunye namanzi. Izinto eziphilayo zinokuginya umkhondo we-yttrium ngokusebenzisa ikhonkco lokutya, ngokuqhelekileyo emhlabeni kunye nezityalo.
2. I-Bioavailability: I-bioavailability ye-yttrium iphantsi kakhulu, oku kuthetha ukuba izinto eziphilayo zinobunzima bokufumana kunye nokusebenzisa i-yttrium ngokufanelekileyo. Uninzi lwee-yttrium compounds alunakuxutywa lula kwizinto eziphilayo, ngoko ke zivame ukukhutshwa.
3. Ukusasazwa kwizinto eziphilayo: Xa sele ikwinto ephilayo, i-yttrium isasazwa ikakhulu kwizihlunu ezinjengesibindi, izintso, udakada, imiphunga kunye namathambo. Ngokukodwa, amathambo aqulethe iindawo eziphezulu ze-yttrium.
4. I-Metabolism kunye ne-excretion: I-metabolism ye-yttrium emzimbeni womntu ilinganiselwe ngenxa yokuba ngokuqhelekileyo ishiya i-organism ngokukhupha. Uninzi lwayo lukhutshelwa ngomchamo, kwaye lusenokukhutshwa ngendlela yokukhupha ilindle.
5. Ubuthi: Ngenxa ye-bioavailability ephantsi, i-yttrium ayiqhelekanga ukuqokelela kumanqanaba ayingozi kwizinto eziphilayo eziqhelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ukubonakaliswa kwe-yttrium ephezulu kunokuba nemiphumo emibi kwizinto eziphilayo, ezikhokelela kwimiphumo eyityhefu. Le meko iqhele ukwenzeka ngokunqabileyo ngenxa yokuba i-yttrium concentrations kwindalo idla ngokuphantsi kwaye ayisetyenziswanga kakhulu okanye ibonakaliswe kwizinto eziphilayo. yobomi bonke. Nangona ingenayo imiphumo eyityhefu ebonakalayo kwizinto eziphilayo phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo, ukubonakaliswa kwe-yttrium yedosi ephezulu kunokubangela iingozi zempilo. Ngoko ke, uphando lwezenzululwazi kunye nokubeka iliso kusabalulekile kukhuseleko kunye nemiphumo ye-biological ye-yttrium.
Ukusasazwa kwe-yttrium kwindalo
I-Yttrium yinto enqabileyo yomhlaba esasazwe ngokubanzi kwindalo, nangona ingekho kwimo ecocekileyo ye-elemental.
1. Ukwenzeka kuqweqwe loMhlaba: Ubuninzi be-yttrium kuqweqwe loMhlaba lusezantsi kakhulu, kunye noxinzelelo oluyi-avareji malunga ne-33 mg/kg. Oku kwenza i-yttrium enye yezinto ezinqabileyo.
I-Yttrium ubukhulu becala ikhona ngendlela yeeminerali, ihlala idibene nezinye izinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba. Ezinye iiminerali ezinkulu ze-yttrium ziquka i-yttrium iron garnet (YIG) kunye ne-yttrium oxalate (Y2 (C2O4)3).
2. Ulwabiwo lwejografi: Iidiphozithi zeYttrium zisasazwa kulo lonke ihlabathi, kodwa ezinye iindawo zinokuba zizityebi kwi-yttrium. Ezinye iidiphozithi ezinkulu zeyttrium zinokufunyanwa kule mimandla ilandelayo: Ostreliya, eTshayina, eUnited States, eRashiya, eKhanada, eIndiya, eScandinavia, njl. njl. yahlula i-yttrium. Oku ngokuqhelekileyo kubandakanya i-asidi ye-asidi kunye neenkqubo zokuhlukana kweekhemikhali ukuze ufumane i-yttrium ephezulu.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba izinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba ezifana ne-yttrium azidli ngokubakho ngendlela ecocekileyo, kodwa zixutywe kunye nezinye izinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba. Ngoko ke, ukutsalwa kwe-yttrium ephezulu yokucoceka kufuna ukucwangciswa kweekhemikhali eziyinkimbinkimbi kunye neenkqubo zokuhlukana. Ukongeza, unikezelo lweizinto zomhlaba ezinqabileyokunqongophele, ngoko ke uqwalaselo lolawulo lwezibonelelo zabo kunye nokuzinza kokusingqongileyo kubalulekile.
Ukwembiwa, ukutsalwa kunye nokunyibilikiswa kwe-yttrium element
I-Yttrium yinto enqabileyo yomhlaba ehlala ingekho ngendlela ye-yttrium ecocekileyo, kodwa ikwimo ye-yttrium ore. Oku kulandelayo yintshayelelo eneenkcukacha kwinkqubo yokwembiwa kunye nokusulungekiswa kwe-yttrium element:
1. Ukwembiwa kwentsimbi ye-yttrium:
Ukuhlola: Okokuqala, i-geologists kunye neenjineli zemigodi ziqhuba umsebenzi wokuhlola ukufumana iidiphozithi eziqulethe i-yttrium. Oku kudla ngokubandakanya izifundo zejoloji, uphononongo lwejografi, kunye nohlalutyo lwesampulu. Ukumbiwa kwemigodi: Nje ukuba kufunyenwe idiphozithi ene-yttrium, intsimbi ekrwada iyembiwa. Ezi diphozithi zihlala zibandakanya i-oxide ores efana ne-yttrium iron garnet (YIG) okanye i-yttrium oxalate (Y2 (C2O4)3). Ukutyunyuzwa kwentsimbi ekrwada: Emva kokwembiwa kwemigodi, intsimbi ekrwada idla ngokufuna ukucandwa ibe ziziqwengana ezincinci ukuze zicutshungulwe.
2. Ukutsala i-yttrium:I-Chemical leaching: Intsimbi ekrwada etyunyuziweyo idla ngokuthunyelwa kumnyibilikisi, apho i-yttrium itsalwa ngekhemikhali. Le nkqubo ngokuqhelekileyo isebenzisa isisombululo esine-acidic leaching, njenge-asidi ye-sulfuric, ukunyibilikisa i-yttrium kwi-ore. Ukwahlula: Emva kokuba i-yttrium inyibilikile, idla ngokuxutywa kunye nezinye izinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba kunye nokungcola. Ukuze ukhuphe i-yttrium yococeko oluphezulu, inkqubo yokwahlula iyafuneka, ngokuqhelekileyo isebenzisa i-solvent extraction, i-ion exchange okanye ezinye iindlela zeekhemikhali. Imvula: I-Yttrium yahlulwe kwezinye izinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba ngokusabela kweekhemikhali ezifanelekileyo ukwenza iikhompawundi ze-yttrium ezicocekileyo. Ukomisa kunye nokubala: Iingqungquthela ze-yttrium ezifunyenwe ngokuqhelekileyo kufuneka zomiswe kwaye zibalwe ukuze zisuse nayiphi na intsalela yomswakama kunye nokungcola ekugqibeleni ifumane i-yttrium yentsimbi ecocekileyo okanye i-compounds.
Iindlela zokujonga i-yttrium
Iindlela zokubona eziqhelekileyo ze-yttrium ikakhulu ziquka i-atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), i-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), i-X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), njl.
1. I-Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS):I-AAS yindlela esetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo yokuhlalutya ubungakanani obufanelekileyo ekumiseleni umxholo we-yttrium kwisisombululo. Le ndlela isekelwe kwisenzeko sokufunxa xa into ekujoliswe kuyo kwisampulu ifunxa ukukhanya kobude obuthile. Okokuqala, isampuli iguqulwa ibe yifomu enokulinganiswa ngamanyathelo onyango kwangaphambili afana nokutsha kwegesi kunye nokushisa okuphezulu. Emva koko, ukukhanya okuhambelana nobude bento ekujoliswe kuyo kudluliselwe kwisampuli, ukukhanya kokukhanya okufakwe kwisampuli kuyalinganiswa, kwaye umxholo we-yttrium kwisampulu ubalwa ngokuthelekisa kunye nesisombululo se-yttrium esiqhelekileyo sokugxininiswa okwaziwayo.
2. I-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS):I-ICP-MS bubuchule bokuhlalutya obubuthathaka kakhulu obufanelekileyo ekumiseleni umxholo we-yttrium kulwelo kunye neesampuli eziqinileyo. Le ndlela iguqula isampuli ibe ngamasuntswana ahlawuliweyo kwaye emva koko isebenzisa i-spectrometer yobunzima bokuhlalutya ubunzima. I-ICP-MS inoluhlu olubanzi lokufumanisa kunye nesisombululo esiphezulu, kwaye inokugqiba umxholo wezinto ezininzi ngexesha elinye. Ukufumanisa i-yttrium, i-ICP-MS inokubonelela ngemilinganiselo ephantsi kakhulu yokufumanisa kunye nokuchaneka okuphezulu.
3. I-X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF):I-XRF yindlela yokuhlalutya engonakalisiyo ilungele ukumiselwa komxholo we-yttrium kwiisampuli eziqinileyo kunye nezamanzi. Le ndlela imisela umxholo we-elementi ngokufaka i-irradiating umphezulu wesampulu nge-X-reyi kunye nokulinganisa ubunzulu beempawu ze-fluorescence spectrum kwisampulu. I-XRF inezibonelelo zesantya esikhawulezayo, ukusebenza okulula, kunye nokukwazi ukumisela izinto ezininzi ngaxeshanye. Nangona kunjalo, i-XRF inokuphazamiseka ekuhlalutyweni kwe-yttrium yomxholo ophantsi, okukhokelela kwiimpazamo ezinkulu.
4. I-inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES):I-plasma optical emission emission spectrometry edityanisiweyo edityanisiweyo yindlela enovakalelo kakhulu kwaye ekhethiweyo yokuhlalutya esetyenziswa ngokubanzi kuhlalutyo lwezinto ezininzi. I-atomize isampuli kwaye yenze iplasma yokulinganisa ubude obuthile kunye nobunzulu o.f yttriumUkukhutshwa kwi-spectrometer. Ukongeza kwezi ndlela zingasentla, kukho ezinye iindlela eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziswayo zokubona i-yttrium, kubandakanywa indlela ye-electrochemical, i-spectrophotometry, njl njl. Ukukhethwa kwendlela yokufumanisa efanelekileyo kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezifana neempawu zesampuli, uluhlu olufunekayo lokulinganisa kunye nokuchaneka kokufumanisa, kunye nemigangatho yokulinganisa. zisoloko zifuneka kulawulo lomgangatho ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka nokuthembeka kweziphumo zomlinganiselo.
Ukusetyenziswa okuthe ngqo kwendlela yokufunxa iathom yeyttrium
Kumlinganiselo wento, i-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) yindlela enovakalelo kakhulu kunye nohlalutyo lwezinto ezininzi, ehlala isetyenziselwa ukumisela ukuxinwa kwezinto, kuquka i-yttrium. Oku kulandelayo yinkqubo eneenkcukacha zovavanyo lwe-yttrium kwi-ICP-MS:
1. Ukulungiselela isampula:
Isampulu idla ngokufuneka ichithwe okanye ihlakazwe ibe yi-liquid form kuhlalutyo lwe-ICP-MS. Oku kunokwenziwa ngokuchithwa kweekhemikhali, ukufudumeza ukugaywa okanye ezinye iindlela ezifanelekileyo zokulungiselela.
Ukulungiswa kwesampulu kufuna iimeko ezicocekileyo kakhulu zokuthintela ukungcoliswa zizinto zangaphandle. Ilabhoratri kufuneka ithathe amanyathelo ayimfuneko ukuphepha ukosuleleka kwesampulu.
2. Ukuveliswa kwe-ICP:
I-ICP iveliswa ngokuzisa i-argon okanye i-argon-oxygen igesi edibeneyo kwi-torch ye-quartz ye-plasma evaliweyo. I-high-frequency inductive coupling ivelisa ilangatye elibukhali leplasma, eliyindawo yokuqala yohlalutyo.
Ubushushu beplasma bumalunga ne-8000 ukuya kwi-10000 degrees Celsius, ephezulu ngokwaneleyo ukuguqula izinto kwisampulu ibe yimeko ye-ionic.
3. Iionization kunye nokwahlula:Nje ukuba isampuli ingene kwiplasma, izinto ezikuyo zi-ionized. Oku kuthetha ukuba iiathom zilahlekelwa yi-electron enye okanye ngaphezulu, zenza ii-ion ezihlawuliswayo. I-ICP-MS isebenzisa i-spectrometer yobuninzi ukwahlula iiyoni zezinto ezahlukeneyo, ngokuqhelekileyo ngomlinganiselo wokutshaja ubunzima (m/z). Oku kuvumela iiyoni zezinto ezahlukeneyo ukuba zahlulwe kwaye emva koko zihlalutywe.
4. I-Masspectrometry:Ii-ion ezahluliweyo zingena kwi-massspectrometer, idla ngokuba yi-quadrupole mass spectrometer okanye i-magnetic scanning mass spectrometer. Kwi-spectrometer ye-mass spectrometer, ii-ion zezinto ezahlukeneyo ziyahlukana kwaye zichongiwe ngokomlinganiselo wazo wokutshaja. Oku kuvumela ubukho kunye noxinaniso lwento nganye ukuba imiselwe. Enye yeenzuzo ze-plasma mass spectrometry edityanisiweyo sisisombululo sayo esiphezulu, esenza ukuba ibone izinto ezininzi ngaxeshanye.
5. Ukwenziwa kwedatha:Idatha eveliswa yi-ICP-MS ngokuqhelekileyo kufuneka iqhutywe kwaye ihlalutywe ukumisela ukuxinwa kwezinto kwisampuli. Oku kubandakanya ukuthelekisa umqondiso wokufumanisa kwimigangatho yogxininiso olwaziwayo, kunye nokwenza ulungelelwaniso kunye nokulungiswa.
6. Ingxelo yeziphumo:Isiphumo sokugqibela sinikezelwa njengoxinaniso okanye ipesenti yobunzima bento. Ezi ziphumo zinokusetyenziswa kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanywa isayensi yomhlaba, uhlalutyo lokusingqongileyo, uvavanyo lokutya, uphando lwezonyango, njl.
I-ICP-MS bubuchule obuchanekileyo kunye nobuthathaka obufanelekileyo kuhlalutyo lwezinto ezininzi, kuquka i-yttrium. Nangona kunjalo, ifuna izixhobo ezintsonkothileyo kunye nobuchule, ngoko idla ngokuqhutywa kwilabhoratri okanye kwiziko lohlalutyo lobuchwephesha. Kumsebenzi wangempela, kuyimfuneko ukukhetha indlela efanelekileyo yokulinganisa ngokweemfuno ezithile zesayithi. Ezi ndlela zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kuhlalutyo kunye nokufumanisa i-ytterbium kwiibhubhoratri kunye namashishini.
Emva kokushwankathela oku ngasentla, sinokugqiba ukuba i-yttrium yinto enomdla kakhulu yeekhemikhali kunye neempawu ezibonakalayo kunye neekhemikhali, ezibaluleke kakhulu kuphando lwezenzululwazi kunye nezicelo. Nangona siye senza inkqubela ekuyiqondeni kwethu, kusekho imibuzo emininzi esafuna uphando olungakumbi nokuhlola. Ndiyathemba ukuba intshayelelo yethu inokunceda abafundi baqonde ngcono le nto inomdla kwaye ikhuthaze uthando lomntu wonke ngesayensi kunye nomdla wokuhlola.
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Ixesha lokuposa: Nov-28-2024